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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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An Examination Of An Interpersonal Dominance Construct., John Griffin Cole Jan 1999

An Examination Of An Interpersonal Dominance Construct., John Griffin Cole

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines the validity and reliability of an interactional measure of Interpersonal Dominance. The study employed surveys from 202 college students, and examined self-report data with regards to two temperament measures (the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Five-Factor Model of Personality), several trait communication variables (Socio-Communicative Orientation, Communication Apprehension, Self-Report of Immediacy, Shyness, and Verbal Aggression), and the interactional measure of Interpersonal Dominance as advanced by Burgoon, Johnson, and Koch (1998). The study determined that the Interpersonal Dominance measure advanced by Burgoon et al. may in fact be measuring trait communication variables, and not necessarily interaction. This study also …

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An Exploration Of The Relationship Of Nonverbal Aggression With Verbal Aggression, Nonverbal Immediacy Assertiveness, And Responsiveness., Jamie Leigh Geiser Jan 1999

An Exploration Of The Relationship Of Nonverbal Aggression With Verbal Aggression, Nonverbal Immediacy Assertiveness, And Responsiveness., Jamie Leigh Geiser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A need to study the nonverbal aspect of aggression is argued because the inclusion of nonverbal aspects within the original conception of verbal aggression suggests that the role of nonverbal cues in the expression of aggression might be stronger than originally thought. To test the potential relationship of nonverbal aggression with other personality variables, a 30-item scale of nonverbal aggression was developed. A study of 179 college students is reported which sought to investigate the possibility that nonverbal aggression is related to verbal aggression, nonverbal immediacy, assertiveness, and responsiveness. Gender differences in nonverbal aggression was also investigated. The results revealed …

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The Effects Of Verbal Aggression Involving Father/Son Dyad On Compliance-Gaining And Affect., Michael Charles Germano Jan 1999

The Effects Of Verbal Aggression Involving Father/Son Dyad On Compliance-Gaining And Affect., Michael Charles Germano

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study examined the relationship between father and son when the father employed verbally aggressive strategies. Further, this study examined the level of affect that the son would have toward their father when such strategies were employed. Finally, this study was designed to examine the compliance level of sons toward their father when verbal aggression was present in their relationship. This study included 162 participants from a large Mid-Atlantic University. The results showed that fathers will gain less compliance from their college-aged sons using verbally aggressive messages. Furthermore, sons will not have a positive affect towards their father when verbal …

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The Use Of Analog Functional Analysis In Assessing The Function Of Mealtime Behavior Problems., Peter Anthony Girolami Jan 1999

The Use Of Analog Functional Analysis In Assessing The Function Of Mealtime Behavior Problems., Peter Anthony Girolami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Some children exhibit disruptive and self-injurious behavior during mealtime, limiting the positive interaction between care giver and child, and decreasing the probability of a nutritionally adequate intake. Research has demonstrated the utility of functional analysis (i.e., identifying controlling variables of problem behavior) for the development of effective non-aversive interventions for a variety of behavior problems. This study applied the methodology of an analog experimental (functional) analysis of behavior to the specific interaction between care givers and children exhibiting mealtime behavior problems. Five conditions that resemble feeding situations were constructed to identify contingent relations between the mealtime behavior problems exhibited by …

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Managing Disruptive Behavior In Elementary Classrooms: Relative Contribution Of Time-Out When Added To A Whole-Class Token Economy., Amy Diane Herschell Jan 1999

Managing Disruptive Behavior In Elementary Classrooms: Relative Contribution Of Time-Out When Added To A Whole-Class Token Economy., Amy Diane Herschell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Teachers consistently report that student misbehavior and classroom management are among the most difficult and disturbing aspects of teaching (Clarizio, 1976; Peter D. Hart Research Associates, 1995). The current study was conducted to assess the behavior of four children in a regular education classroom to evaluate the effectiveness of three classroom behavior management approaches: (a) strategies already employed by the teacher, (b) the AD/HD Classroom Kit, (Kit) (McNeil, 1995) and (c) the Kit with a time out component. These three approaches were evaluated using an A-B-C-B sequence where each was employed for 17 days. Behaviors were assessed using behavioral observations …

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"They Don't Throw, They Turn; They Don't Fire, They Burn": Place And Identity In Seagrove, North Carolina., Li-Ting Hung Jan 1999

"They Don't Throw, They Turn; They Don't Fire, They Burn": Place And Identity In Seagrove, North Carolina., Li-Ting Hung

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent Scholarship in geography explores the cultural identity of place by analyzing literature, music and art, but few scholars have studied pottery art, one of the oldest forms of art making. This study of Seagrove, a small central North Carolina town with a long tradition of locally produced pottery, examines the way place identity develops, is presented, takes multiple forms, and is contested through pottery art. Further, it explores the concept of institutionalized place identity by analyzing the impact of a new Pottery Center and Museum in this town. The research has carried out by means of open-ended interviews with …

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Familial Influences On Adolescent Adjustment: The Sibling Relationship Within The Family System., Catherine Joan Massey Jan 1999

Familial Influences On Adolescent Adjustment: The Sibling Relationship Within The Family System., Catherine Joan Massey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The first objective of the present study was to examine the associations among adolescent adjustment outcomes and several family relationships. The second objective was to investigate the sibling relationship as a potential source of support for adolescents living in high marital conflict homes. Seventy-eight (44 females, 34 males) adolescents (39 sibling pairs) completed several questionnaires regarding their behaviors, self-concept, and perceived social support from family relationships. Level of marital conflict was negatively related to adolescent self-concept and positively associated with adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The quality of the parent-adolescent and sibling relationships were positively correlated with adolescent self concept …

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The Need For Cancer Data Specific To American Indian And Alaskan Native Populations., Theda J. Mcpheron Keel Jan 1999

The Need For Cancer Data Specific To American Indian And Alaskan Native Populations., Theda J. Mcpheron Keel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cancer among American Indian and Alaskan Native populations has become a major health concern. Data needs is an issue that Nationwide directly impact cancer among these populations. This thesis focuses on the critical need for cancer data specific to tribal populations and identifies the barriers which impede its progress A literature review provides an overview of the major National data systems in place in relationship to cancer and tribal populations. To assess tribal persons and document their perspective concerning cancer data, a cross sectional inventory survey have been completed and is included. Comparisons have been made and conclusions focused in …

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Neural Networks For Control Signal Reconstruction In Non-Linear Systems With An Application To Aircraft Dynamics., Stelios Pantelis Pispitsos Jan 1999

Neural Networks For Control Signal Reconstruction In Non-Linear Systems With An Application To Aircraft Dynamics., Stelios Pantelis Pispitsos

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In recent years, general, commercial and military aviation has been plagued by the occurrence of several crashes, in which faulty control surfaces appeared to be the cause, or one of the possible causes. Typically, the National Transportation and Safety Board (NTSB) begins its investigation by analyzing the wreckage along with the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR). In most instances this combination of information is enough for the NTSB to discover the cause of the crash, but unfortunately this is not always the case. From this the argument can be made that there is a need for …

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The Relative Efficacy Of Computer Assisted Instruction., Dane Edward Huxford Jan 1999

The Relative Efficacy Of Computer Assisted Instruction., Dane Edward Huxford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This manuscript examines the relative efficacy of computer assisted instruction (CAI). A review of literature is examined with regard to the positive and negative aspects of the use of CAI in the university classroom. An experimental design was outlined incorporating the use of 3 teachers instructing 3 separate sections of volunteer students on a topic. The design measured the differences between affective learning, cognitive learning and student perceptions of teacher nonverbal immediacy. Participants were randomly assigned to a class, which utilized either: lecture, handout or the use of CAI. Results showed significant differences between teachers and a slight difference in …

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The Reflective Journal: The Emotions And Consciousness States Of Poets Within A Transpersonal Writing Design., Mary Catherine Wuenstel Jan 1999

The Reflective Journal: The Emotions And Consciousness States Of Poets Within A Transpersonal Writing Design., Mary Catherine Wuenstel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Reflective Journal methodology is an educational tool that was created to examine poets as they wrote poetry within a transpersonal writing design. Although language arts theory approaches have dealt primarily with the interactive and subjective nature of language through reading and writing activities, few have addressed the potential of the use of language as a vehicle for personal change through self-expression. This study attempted to investigate the psychological experiences, which may occur when poets are engaged in writing poetry and their opinions on personal change after the experience of writing. While writing, the poets in the study displayed that …

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The Behavioral And Neurochemical Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Stress Responsive Systems In Rats., David Albert White Jan 1999

The Behavioral And Neurochemical Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Stress Responsive Systems In Rats., David Albert White

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research points to a combination of genetic, physiological, and environmental factors in the origin of anxiety and depressive disorders. These factors are adversely impacted by stress and can be influenced by both the prenatal and postnatal environments. Our research shows that offspring of mothers stressed during the last week of gestation appear to be normal in basal behavioral states. However, upon the presentation of stressful stimuli in the forms of anxiogenic drugs (e.g. yohimbine and idazoxan), prenatally stressed offspring respond differentially in comparison with control (normal) offspring. Doses of yohimbine and idazoxan that increased acoustic startle in control animals were …

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Reforming Science Education In Saudi Arabia: A Conceptual Framework For The Design Of Coordinated And Thematic Science (Cats) Module For Grades 7-9., Ghanem S. Al-Ghanem Jan 1999

Reforming Science Education In Saudi Arabia: A Conceptual Framework For The Design Of Coordinated And Thematic Science (Cats) Module For Grades 7-9., Ghanem S. Al-Ghanem

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted to develop a conceptual framework for the design of science curricula in Saudi middle schools. The methodological procedures of this study also included the assessment of the proposed conceptual framework with science education experts in Saudi Arabia. The development phase consisted of three steps. The first step included the review of related literature. The scope of the literature review included a theoretical background about the various cultural forces which shaped the patterns of education in Saudi Arabia. It also provided an overview of the major emphases in recent reform efforts in science education in the United …

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The Role Of Therapist Communication Style In Parent-Child Interaction Therapy., Laura Christine Capage Jan 1999

The Role Of Therapist Communication Style In Parent-Child Interaction Therapy., Laura Christine Capage

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research has found a relationship between treatment success and parental compliance with treatment programs. The current study explored how therapist characteristics impact on parental compliance with a behavioral parent-training program (Parent-Child Interaction Therapy). Also, differences in maternal satisfaction with the treatment program and therapist were explored. The participants were 45 mothers with children between the ages of 24 months and 83 months. Each mother was taught effective parenting strategies using one of three therapist communication styles: (a) positive therapist, (b) neutral therapist, and (c) negative therapist. Although all groups demonstrated an increase in their skill level from pretreatment to posttreatment, …

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The Effects Of Teacher Clarity And Immediacy On Student Learning, Apprehension, And Effect., Joseph Lee Chesebro Jan 1999

The Effects Of Teacher Clarity And Immediacy On Student Learning, Apprehension, And Effect., Joseph Lee Chesebro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the effects clear and immediate teaching have on student learning, state receiver apprehension, and affect. Although teacher clarity and constructs conceptually similar to immediacy have been identified as effective teaching behaviors, few experimental studies have investigated the combined use of these behaviors. This is important because research related to clear teaching suggests that immediacy may be a necessary precursor to clear teaching and that the absence of immediacy may significantly threaten the effectiveness of clear messages. A review of this research is followed by the identification of attributes which characterize clear teachers. The results indicate that clarity, …

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A Study Of The Relationship Of The Job Satisfaction Of Chief Academic Officers Of Institutions Of Higher Education And The Perceived Leadership Style Of The Institution's President., Barbara E. Crist Jan 1999

A Study Of The Relationship Of The Job Satisfaction Of Chief Academic Officers Of Institutions Of Higher Education And The Perceived Leadership Style Of The Institution's President., Barbara E. Crist

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationship between the self perceived job satisfaction of chief academic officers and the leadership style of the presidents of the institutions. The relationship between these two variables and the selected demographics of age, gender, and length of service in the current position of the president and the chief academic officer was examined. Bolman and Deal's Leadership Orientations (Other) leadership survey instrument, the Mohrman-Cooke-Mohrman Job Satisfaction Scale, and a demographic questionnaire were sent to the 446 chief academic officers of Baccalaureate II institutions in the United States and the District of Columbia. Responses were received from 235 …

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The Effect Of Teacher Immediacy, Affinity -Seeking, And Misbehaviors On Instructional Outcomes., Katherine S. Thweatt Jan 1999

The Effect Of Teacher Immediacy, Affinity -Seeking, And Misbehaviors On Instructional Outcomes., Katherine S. Thweatt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of teacher immediacy and affinity-seeking on misbehaviors and credibility and affective learning. Participants were undergraduate students enrolled in large-lecture courses at a large mid-Atlantic university. Teacher immediacy, affinity-seeking, and misbehaviors were manipulated in scenarios. Participants were exposed to one scenario and asked to complete credibility and affective learning measures in relation to the teacher in the scenario. The results of the study revealed that significant main effects were present for teacher immediacy, affinity-seeking, and misbehaviors. The significance level was set at .05. While significant interaction effects were present, the …

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The Familial Contexts Of Ego-Resiliency In Pre-Schoolers., Sherry J. Burchett Jan 1999

The Familial Contexts Of Ego-Resiliency In Pre-Schoolers., Sherry J. Burchett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study explored the familial contexts of ego-resiliency. Ego-resiliency is the extent that an individual can modify his impulse expression to meet the demands of changing situations. Sixty mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years along with the children’s teachers were used. Mothers completed the Family Environment Scale and the Hollingshead Index of Social Status. Teachers completed the “Common Language” Child Q-Set to measure ego-resiliency in the child. No sex differences existed in the mean r-value for ego-resiliency. Younger children had higher ego-resiliency levels on the Cohesion, Independence, Active-Recreational Orientation, Moral Religious Emphasis, and Control subscales. Families high in …

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Does Culture Translate: Can We Make The Words Our Own?, Kathleen C. Gallivan Jan 1999

Does Culture Translate: Can We Make The Words Our Own?, Kathleen C. Gallivan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A collaborative effort between the Departments of Theatre and Foreign Languages, the study, using ethnographic techniques, documents the process of developing cultural awareness of a young group of actors as they rehearsed a post Spanish Civil War play. Analysis of data collected over five weeks through interviews, a demographic questionnaire, and observations by both the thesis director and the researcher reveal that with motivation and a little guidance students will connect, and further, understand another culture. These findings are significant since the use of theatre in this fashion offers a means to motivate students and peak interest in target culture, …

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A Qualitative Study Of Five West Virginia K-12 Ruralnet Project Teachers Merging The Internet Into Their Instruction And How The Internet Affects Professional Practice., David A. Falvo Jan 1999

A Qualitative Study Of Five West Virginia K-12 Ruralnet Project Teachers Merging The Internet Into Their Instruction And How The Internet Affects Professional Practice., David A. Falvo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This qualitative study explores the day-to-day classroom work of five West Virginia K–12 RuralNet Project teachers, highlighting the drama of integrating technology into learning and showing how these teachers build and refine relationships to foster their sense of professionalism, through the use of technology. This study shows how teachers use the Internet as an instructional resource and as a tool for connecting to other people within and outside of the learning community. The participants of this study began to learn new technology skills during the summer of 1995. Today, they are integrating Internet technology into their daily teaching and planning …

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The Physiological Effects Of A 12-Week Program Of Progressive Low-Impact Aerobic Dance On Adults With Mental Retardation., David John Cluphf Jan 1999

The Physiological Effects Of A 12-Week Program Of Progressive Low-Impact Aerobic Dance On Adults With Mental Retardation., David John Cluphf

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physiological effects of a 12 week program of low-impact aerobic dance on adults with mental retardation. Twenty-seven participants were involved in the study and were non-randomly divided into an experimental group (N = 15; 8 male, 7 female) that participated in the exercise program, and a control group (N = 12; 7 male, 5 female) which went about their normal daily activities. The exercise program consisted of a 12-week, progressive, low-impact program of aerobic dance. Each participant underwent a series of field tests to evaluate physical fitness. The tests included the …

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Acquisition Of Observing Responses With Delayed Conditioned Reinforcement, Gregory A. Lieving Dec 1998

Acquisition Of Observing Responses With Delayed Conditioned Reinforcement, Gregory A. Lieving

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Six pigeons were trained to key peck for 3-s access to mixed grain on a multiple variable-interval 60-s extinction schedule. The schedule then was changed to a mixed variable-interval 60-s extinction schedule. Simultaneously, a treadle was introduced into the chamber. For 3 pigeons, the stimulus correlated previously with the variable-interval schedule could be produced by treadle pressing (i.e., an observing response) on a tandem fixed-ratio 1 differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior 10-s schedule. For the other 3 pigeons, no contingency was implemented for treadle pressing. Treadle pressing was established equally in the presence and absence of the observing contingency. The results did not extend …

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Processing Resources, Cautiousness, Memory Self -Efficacy, And Age Differences In Free Recall, Wei Huang Dec 1998

Processing Resources, Cautiousness, Memory Self -Efficacy, And Age Differences In Free Recall, Wei Huang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Both experimental and individual-differences approaches were used in the present study to investigate the effects of processing resources, cautiousness, and memory self-efficacy on adult age differences in free recall performance. A total of 80 young college students (mean age = 23 years) were used for the experimental manipulations; 40 older adults (mean age = 75 years) served as a comparison group. The experimental manipulations were based on a 2 (sex) by 2 (processing speed) by 2 (cautiousness) by 2 (working memory) mixed design. Cautiousness was manipulated by monetary incentive and punishment. Age-related reduction in working memory capacity was simulated by …

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Effects Of Celeration Rate On Behavioral Fluency, Kevin J. Munson Dec 1998

Effects Of Celeration Rate On Behavioral Fluency, Kevin J. Munson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In precision teaching, it has been argued that learning should continue until responding is fluent (i.e., it can be performed accurately and rapidly in the presence of distracting stimuli, even after a delay since its acquisition). Furthermore, it has been argued that the speed with which learners achieve fluency (i.e., celeration) also is important. The purpose of the present experiments was to test those propositions. Subjects read binary numbers on a computer screen, and spoke the decimal equivalent of those numbers into voice-recognition equipment. In Experiment 1, responding was reinforced with money arranged on VI schedules for correct responses with …

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Identifying The Type And Appropriateness Of The Evaluations Of Selected Agriculturally Related Science And Technology-Based Usaid Projects Conducted Between 1985 And 1995, Allen E. Bayles Dec 1998

Identifying The Type And Appropriateness Of The Evaluations Of Selected Agriculturally Related Science And Technology-Based Usaid Projects Conducted Between 1985 And 1995, Allen E. Bayles

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A review of the literature indicated that baseline data that described how and what were being evaluated at the project level by agencies involved in third world development had not been published. This was a descriptive study using content analysis of the available evaluative reports for the USAID projects involved with the transfer of agriculturally-related technology identified in the National Science Foundation research project, Assessing the Literature on the Benefits of External Science and Technology Aid Assistance to Developing Countries (Pytlik, Vasudevan, Bayles & Spitznogle, 1997).;The research concludes that impact evaluations were not being conducted at the project level. While …

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Perceptions Of Supervisory Behaviors And Supervisory Needs Among Licensed Speech-Language Pathology Assistants, Jean Suzanne Mead Dec 1998

Perceptions Of Supervisory Behaviors And Supervisory Needs Among Licensed Speech-Language Pathology Assistants, Jean Suzanne Mead

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify supervisory behaviors that occurred and the extent to which they were perceived as necessary during supervisory interactions between licensed speech-language pathology assistants (SLPAs) and their supervising speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Surveys were mailed to the 173 licensed SLPAs in Louisiana, who were the population for this study, requesting information about the supervision received. Eighty-eight (51%) completed and returned the survey.;The survey consisted of three parts. Part I contained 29 statements that were each rated twice using a Likert-type scale. The first rating indicated the extent to which supervisory behaviors occurred and the second …

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Determining Perspectives Of Selected Disciplines Concerning The Nature Of Technology Within Classic Literature, Bryan Calvin Maser Dec 1998

Determining Perspectives Of Selected Disciplines Concerning The Nature Of Technology Within Classic Literature, Bryan Calvin Maser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this research was to identify if there was a significant difference between the perspectives of selected disciplines with regard to the nature and history of technology. A content analysis of classic literature from multiple disciplines to determine perspectives concerning the nature of technology served as a basis for the development of a general semantic differential instrument. The instrument was administered to a given population yielding a conceptual scoring of perspectives. Scored concepts were then cross referenced to respective disciplines to determine if the degree of difference between disciplines was statistically significant.

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Implementing Constructivism In The Middle School Classroom, Christina Paparozzi Dec 1998

Implementing Constructivism In The Middle School Classroom, Christina Paparozzi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study defines the components of a middle school history curriculum based on a theory of learning consistent with the use of cognitive tools and the tenets of constructivism. Utilizing a comparative analysis of learning theories encompassing developmental and constructivist beliefs and their influence on appropriate instructional design, the research addresses the necessary pairing of instructional planning and learning theory. Additionally, an examination of linguistic tools and their relationship to cultural development and distinctive kinds of comprehension, as well as specifics of the various learning stages, preferences, and skills are used to provide a rationale. This analysis is employed in …

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Fluency And Controlled-Operant Training Methods, Finnur Oddsson Dec 1998

Fluency And Controlled-Operant Training Methods, Finnur Oddsson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study compared the effectiveness three computerized training methods with respect to behavioral outcomes correlated with fluency. Subjects were trained to translate binary numbers into decimal numbers. Responses were made orally with the use of voice recognition software. One training method presented 50 stimuli on a computer monitor at a time (No ITIs). The other two methods (0s and 1.5s ITIs) presented stimuli separately on the monitor using discrete trials. Inter trial intervals were manipulated for the latter training methods. Results showed that all subjects achieved fluent performance on the training task. Subjects reached rate criterion faster and with less …

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Maternal Self-Efficacy Beliefs As Predictors Of Parenting Competence And Toddlers' Emotional, Social, And Cognitive Development, Priscilla Kari Coleman Dec 1998

Maternal Self-Efficacy Beliefs As Predictors Of Parenting Competence And Toddlers' Emotional, Social, And Cognitive Development, Priscilla Kari Coleman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Appreciation for cognitive factors associated with parental competence and child outcomes has expanded dramatically in developmental research over the past several years. Parental self-efficacy beliefs, in particular, have emerged as both a salient direct predictor of positive parenting practices and as a mediator of the effects of several of the most thoroughly researched correlates of parenting quality including maternal depression, child temperament, and social support. Parental self-efficacy beliefs embody an estimation of the degree to which parents perceive themselves as capable of performing the varied tasks associated with this demanding role.;The objectives of this study were threefold and entailed the …

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