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A Study Of Student Characteristics And Their Effect On Student Satisfaction With Online Courses., Karen Elizabeth Kirtley Jan 2002

A Study Of Student Characteristics And Their Effect On Student Satisfaction With Online Courses., Karen Elizabeth Kirtley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between selected student characteristics and the level of student satisfaction in online courses at Marshall University. The study examined characteristics as identified in the literature and made conclusions to support or refute previous research. A descriptive research design was used to examine the relationship between the student's age, gender, marital status, employment status, motivation to enroll in online course, expectation of course and experience in course with student satisfaction. Research questions were developed to examine this relationship. The population for this study was N = 554 students who enrolled in …


Family Conflict Communication Model: Constituents Of Constructive And Destructive Conflict Communication., Lois L. Hinkle Jan 2002

Family Conflict Communication Model: Constituents Of Constructive And Destructive Conflict Communication., Lois L. Hinkle

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Communication plays a key role in family conflict, and family conflict has been the focus of much social concern in recent years. The Family Conflict Communication Model (FCCM; Hinkle, 2000b) presents a concise overview of some of the prominent components and processes that occur during and after family conflict communication that result specifically from disagreement over an issue or issues. The FCCM is relatively new and had not been tested prior to the current study. The Model posits that affect is a critical component relative to whether family conflict communication assumes a course that is constructive or destructive. The sample …


The Life And Keyboard Works Of (Franz) Xaver Scharwenka (1850-1924), Michael Patrick Mihalyo Jan 2002

The Life And Keyboard Works Of (Franz) Xaver Scharwenka (1850-1924), Michael Patrick Mihalyo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

(Franz) Xaver Scharwenka (1850-1924) was a highly acclaimed performer, teacher, editor, and composer of international fame during the late Romantic period. Overshadowed by the innovative styles of a number of contemporaneous composers including Ravel, Debussy, and Scriabin, Scharwenka's works gradually disappeared from the teaching studio and the concert hall. Regrettably, his compositions, although critically acclaimed in his lifetime, are now for the most part out of print and rarely performed. This study explores Scharwenka's works as a significant addition to the repertory of the late Romantic literature for study and performance. This research project, the result of a lengthy investigation …


The Impact Of The Transition From Analog To Digital Process Display Gauges On Human Error And Safety In The Chemical Industry, Allen J. Thacker Jan 2002

The Impact Of The Transition From Analog To Digital Process Display Gauges On Human Error And Safety In The Chemical Industry, Allen J. Thacker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The use of new technological instruments in the work place has enabled operators to control processes and product development to tolerances that were unachievable in past decades. The chemical industry has exhibited rapid growth in the implementation of control monitoring instruments such as analog and digital display gauges as well as the software applications that provide the flexibility to successfully integrate the technology into the chemical manufacturing processes. This research was designed to examine the effects of the transition from analog displays to digital displays in the chemical industry. The results of the research provide benefits to chemical manufacturers and …


Hand Transmitted Vibration In A Simulated Industrial Task: A Psychophysical Evaluation., Sergio Augusto Caporali Filho Jan 2002

Hand Transmitted Vibration In A Simulated Industrial Task: A Psychophysical Evaluation., Sergio Augusto Caporali Filho

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Continued occupational exposure to hand transmitted vibration (HTV) has been related to a series of disorders, which have been collectively defined as the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Based on existing knowledge, the International Standard Organization has developed a standard for the measurement, evaluation and assessment of HTV, which documents the measurement and reporting methodology, the dose-response relationship, and the weighing filter for the assessment of HTV. Some researchers have emphasized the need for the development of improved weighing functions and dose-response relationships, for which it is vital to undertake further systematic investigations in order to enhance our understanding of HAVS, …


A Study To Determine The Relationship Between The Leadership Styles Of Career Technical Directors And School Climate As Perceived By Teachers., Dennis A. Blatt Jan 2002

A Study To Determine The Relationship Between The Leadership Styles Of Career Technical Directors And School Climate As Perceived By Teachers., Dennis A. Blatt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationships between transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership and school climate as perceived by teachers in Ohio secondary joint vocational schools. A one-shot case study research design investigated these relationships and also examined the relationship between leadership styles and school climate based on gender. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5x and the CFK Ltd. School Climate Profile were mailed to a randomly selected sample of 345 teachers; responses were received from 201 (58.3%) of the teachers. Data analysis identified a statistically significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and school climate. A statistically significant negative relationship was found …


A Survey Of Counselor Trainee Preferred Learning Style And Its Relationship To Computer Skills And Technology Use., Traci Berry Jan 2002

A Survey Of Counselor Trainee Preferred Learning Style And Its Relationship To Computer Skills And Technology Use., Traci Berry

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Computer use by counselors has dramatically increased over the years. A review of the literature has demonstrated the importance of computer and technology-related competencies for professional counselors. The purpose of this study is to examine the preferred learning styles of counselors-in-training along with their attitudes toward computers and technology use to determine if there is a relationship between their preferred learning styles and technology use. This study also examined the attitudes that counselors-in-training had about technology to determine if these attitudes affect the use of computers and/or their desire to learn how to use computers in training. Counselors-in-training from 6 …


A Comparison Of Steady State And Transient Emissions From A Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine., Bradley Robert Bane Jan 2002

A Comparison Of Steady State And Transient Emissions From A Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine., Bradley Robert Bane

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this thesis was to research two aspects of heavy-duty diesel engine emissions. The first was to examine the effects of engine oscillations on engine emissions. The second objective was to examine a steady state based emission model and compare the results with measured transient emissions. A Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) Series 60 engine was operated on a DC dynamometer with the engine speed held constant and the torque input in a trapezoidal wave configuration to examine the effects on engine emissions with different frequencies of trapezoidal variations in engine load. Emissions were also measured during the operation …


Costume Design For "The Emperor's New Clothes" By Charlotte Chorpenning., Kathleen Hoover Jan 2002

Costume Design For "The Emperor's New Clothes" By Charlotte Chorpenning., Kathleen Hoover

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This document records the costume design process for West Virginia University’s December 2000 production of The Emperor’s New Clothes. The costume design was produced and completed as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Fine Arts degree in Theatre Design, Costume. Contained herein are: a history of the play and playwright, critical reactions to the production, a synopsis of the action, an introduction to the design process with a concept statement, and text demonstrating the final costume designs with examples of the research, graphics, and performance photographs. Also included are a bibliography, an explanation of some important craft …


"Plots Have I Laid": An Actor's Descent Into The Role Of King Richard Iii., Michael Rashid Jan 2002

"Plots Have I Laid": An Actor's Descent Into The Role Of King Richard Iii., Michael Rashid

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis, written to fulfill the requirements for the Master of Fine Arts degree in Acting, delves into the mind of an actor obsessed by fictional villainy and consumed by the desire to play the title role of William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of King Richard III. It charts the machinations employed to gain the part, as well as the pop-cultural influences and rehearsal process from which the ultimate performance of the role was forged. And as the legend of Richard III is a confounding pastiche of fact and fiction, so is this thesis a work of unapologetic ambiguity


Comparison Of Bond Strength Between A Conventional Resin Adhesive And A Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Adhesive: An In Vitro And In Vivo Study., Andrew Waldron Summers Jan 2002

Comparison Of Bond Strength Between A Conventional Resin Adhesive And A Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Adhesive: An In Vitro And In Vivo Study., Andrew Waldron Summers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was todetermine the in vivo survival rate and in vitro bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (RMGI) (Fuji Ortho LC, GC America) and a conventional resin adhesive (Light Bond, Reliance Orthodontic Inc.). Two Fuji Ortho LC groups and two Light Bond groups were tested in vitro. Debonding force was determined with an Instron testing machine, and data was analyzed using ANOVA at p< 0.05. A significant difference was found among all four test groups with Light Bond having the greatest debonding force. Fuji Ortho LC had a higher mean ARI value. For the in vivo study data was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates. No significant difference was found between the two adhesives survival rate or ARI. These results suggest that the clinical bond strength for RMGI is adequate to withstand orthodontic forces.


An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Hate Crimes Reporting And Administrative Policies As They Relate To Community Policing., Everett Otto Elliott Jan 2002

An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Hate Crimes Reporting And Administrative Policies As They Relate To Community Policing., Everett Otto Elliott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

It has been 12 years since the passing of the Hate Crimes Statistics Act. Since that time much has been written about it. However, not many useful applications have been developed using the data that is collected. The author goes about identifying important discoveries made since 1990 about the nature of reporting hate crimes. The author also identifies problems with the reporting of hate crimes. By using a combination of the data from Hate Crime Statistics collected under the Uniform Crime Reports and data from the Sample Survey of Law Enforcement Agencies, the author hopes to be able to identify …


The Prevalence Of Heart-Healthy Menu Items In Restaurants Of West Virginia., Jenni Lin Jones Jan 2002

The Prevalence Of Heart-Healthy Menu Items In Restaurants Of West Virginia., Jenni Lin Jones

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heart disease and obesity are concurring health problems in the state of West Virginia (WV). With obesity levels rising and heart disease remaining the number one cause of mortality in WV, the need for a lifestyle change is prominent. The West Virginia Restaurant Survey attempted to determine the availability of heart-healthy food items that restaurants offer and how the items are promoted in order to determine the need for intervention programs that support heart-healthy food choices. Menus were analyzed from restaurants located in the top ten most populated cities in WV. Gas stations, mini-marts, and bars without restaurants were excluded. …


Cross-Border Workers' Compensation Coverage And Nafta: Analysis Of Coverage In American And Canadian Jurisdictions., Patricia Cathleen Kimpan Jan 2002

Cross-Border Workers' Compensation Coverage And Nafta: Analysis Of Coverage In American And Canadian Jurisdictions., Patricia Cathleen Kimpan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Workers’ compensation is a social insurance program with different attributes in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Workers’ compensation programs are largely privately funded. In all North American jurisdictions, workers’ compensation benefits are paid for by employers, through insurance premiums. More dangerous occupations have higher premium rates than do safer occupations and industries. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) makes more likely the possibility that workers from one jurisdiction, made ill or injured by their employment, will seek help in a transborder jurisdiction. A survey of North American regulators was conducted. Trucking and transportation are important industries in workers’ …


Is Environmental Quality Improving For Environmental Justice Communities? An Examination Of Trends In Toxic Pollution Levels In Texas., Michael J. Meleady Jan 2002

Is Environmental Quality Improving For Environmental Justice Communities? An Examination Of Trends In Toxic Pollution Levels In Texas., Michael J. Meleady

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The environmental justice movement has focused national attention on the relationships between race, income, and environmental quality. With the signing of Executive Order 12898, one would expect to see improvements in the environmental quality in minority and low-income communities. Using information available through the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) as the measure of environmental quality, this paper empirically examines trends in toxic chemical release levels within the state of Texas for the years before and after the signing of the Executive Order. The primary hypotheses to be tested are: (1) minority and low-income populations are more likely to live in areas …


Investigation Of Techniques To Improve Measurement Accuracy Of Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Dioxide And Nitrogen Oxide Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines., Praveen Rampatna Narasimhamurthy Jan 2002

Investigation Of Techniques To Improve Measurement Accuracy Of Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Dioxide And Nitrogen Oxide Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines., Praveen Rampatna Narasimhamurthy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), commonly referred to as NOx, are known to be harmful to human health. Oxides of nitrogen also rate among the principal agents of photochemical smog. Consequently, the Federal standards for NOx emissions have become increasingly stringent and have been lowered from 6.0 g/bhp-hr in 1990 to 0.2 g/bhphr in 2007. Engine out NOx emissions from diesel engines are typically composed of about 95% of NO and 5% NO2. However, under low load and speed conditions, as in present urban day driving, the NO2 component of NOx can be as high as 30%. Considering …


Scenic Design For Robinson Jeffers' "Medea"., Christopher Gadomski Jan 2002

Scenic Design For Robinson Jeffers' "Medea"., Christopher Gadomski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The document contained herein contains a record of the West Virginia University, Division of Theatre’s 2002 production of Medea. The scenic design was done in partial fulfillment of the required thesis for the Master of Fine Arts Degree in Scene Design and Technology. This document contains the written history of the both the production and the origin of the work, a synopsis of the play, the production’s concept, and execution, and pictorial documentation of research, process, and the completed product. This document completes the requirements for the Master of Fine Arts Degree.


An Assessment Of Natural Cavity Abundance, Nest Box Use, And Management Recommendations For Birds On The Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia., Karen A. Sacilotto Jan 2002

An Assessment Of Natural Cavity Abundance, Nest Box Use, And Management Recommendations For Birds On The Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia., Karen A. Sacilotto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Islands on the Ohio River contain valuable habitats that are unique and irreplaceable on a national or ecoregion basis. Aquatic habitats connected with the islands and their back channels (areas where commercial traffic is prohibited) provide quality habitats for bottomland hardwood wildlife; however, quantitative data on the importance of these areas are lacking. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare breeding bird abundance and quality of habitat for cavity-nesting birds between back channel and navigational channel sides of islands, and 2) analyze the effects of nest box placement on cavity-nesting bird-use on the Ohio River Islands National Wildlife …


The Prevalence Of Eating Disorder Pathology And Inadequate Diets Among Division I Female Collegiate Athletes., Rachel Michele Stewart Jan 2002

The Prevalence Of Eating Disorder Pathology And Inadequate Diets Among Division I Female Collegiate Athletes., Rachel Michele Stewart

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Disordered eating and inadequate nutrient intake are problematic issues concerning females involved in athletics. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of eating disorder pathology and inadequate diet intake among a population of female athletes. A convenience sample of 91 female athletes was recruited from West Virginia University. The subjects were surveyed for the presence of eating pathology via three validated self-report questionnaires. Quantitative nutrient intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. The results revealed that 23% (n=21) of subjects were classified as having a probable eating disorder, 41% (n=37) of the athletes demonstrated some eating pathology …


Atmosphere: Transformation And Process., Jason Thomas Bohnert Jan 2002

Atmosphere: Transformation And Process., Jason Thomas Bohnert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis document relays my graduate experience of discovering my voice in clay. My research involved the discovery of clay, glazes, and forms suited to my personal aesthetic as related to atmospheric firings and kiln experimentation. Developing my own expressions as pots based on my travels, culinary habits, and interactions with others and my natural environment was my goal. My work is heavily influenced by Chinese traditional pottery making techniques and tea culture. Many contemporary American potters have influenced my style, technique, and methodology as well. Merging traditions is of great importance to my work, allowing old traditions to live …


A Study Of The Relationship Between Coal Mine Fatalities And The Length Of Time A Mine Has Been Opened., Nancy L. Dorset Jan 2002

A Study Of The Relationship Between Coal Mine Fatalities And The Length Of Time A Mine Has Been Opened., Nancy L. Dorset

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The cause and number of coal mining fatal accidents has been recorded since state mine inspection offices began in the mid 1870’s. With the advent of the United States Bureau of Mines, coal mine fatalities were analyzed in various ways. This study looks at the data from a novel direction: the relationship between fatality incidence rates and how long a mine has been active. Data from 1991 to 2000 was extracted from both the MSHA fatality reports and the MSHA Address/Employment database. The binomial proportion statistical test was used to determine when deaths exceeded or fell below the expected number …


Narrating Machines: Figurations Of Technology In "1 Henry Vi", "Robinson Crusoe", And "The Matrix"., Robert Patton Fanning Jan 2002

Narrating Machines: Figurations Of Technology In "1 Henry Vi", "Robinson Crusoe", And "The Matrix"., Robert Patton Fanning

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This essay attempts to demonstrate a tradition of the narrative use of technological tropes in Anglo-American popular narratives since the Renaissance. A play by William Shakespeare, a narrative by Daniel Defoe, and a recent movie are analyzed and compared to show the varying ways that technology has consistently figured in narrative attempts to address the contemporary social concerns narratively.


Software And Tool For Analysis Of Manufacturing Processes (Stamp)., Sanket Dilip Mestry Jan 2002

Software And Tool For Analysis Of Manufacturing Processes (Stamp)., Sanket Dilip Mestry

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Performance of any machining process can be evaluated in terms of machining rate. Higher machining rate results in less machining time. This thesis presents a software tool wherein the computation of the process models to predict the process performance indicator such as material removal rate or cutting time, is carried out. The software has parametric models for Conventional Machining Processes, Advanced Machining Processes, Advanced Finishing Processes and Cutting Processes. It allows the user to perform parametric analysis, which assist in understanding the influence of various parameters on the process performance measures. The software can also be used to share process …


Developmental Versus Prescriptive Advising: An Investigation Of Advising Delivery At A Major University., Kristi Doniel Wood Jan 2002

Developmental Versus Prescriptive Advising: An Investigation Of Advising Delivery At A Major University., Kristi Doniel Wood

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Academic advising is an essential connection between student and university. Two types of advising, prescriptive and developmental, are examined in relation to the level of advising (pre-major versus major) and type of advisor (full time advisors or parttime graduate student advisors for pre-majors, and faculty or full-time department advisors for majors) in four academic areas selected for contrast in advising approaches at a large land grant institution. Questionnaires were developed, piloted, finalized, and administered to select upper division students and their pre-major and major advisors concerning the types of advising practiced and student perceptions of each. Results showed that full-time …


Spiraling Towards Success: An Africana Artist's Exploration Of The Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Monodrama., Nina Christine Domingue Jan 2002

Spiraling Towards Success: An Africana Artist's Exploration Of The Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Monodrama., Nina Christine Domingue

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis fulfills the requirements needed to attain a Master of Fine Arts degree in Acting. The creative process embodied in this thesis helps to demonstrate the cultural and artistic survival of a black artist in mainstream theatre. The document also contains examples of the research used for playwriting and in the actress’ character development, descriptions of the rehearsal process, photographs from the production, excerpts from the actress’ journal, a review of the performance, and a self-evaluation.


The Effects Of Rumination And Emotional Writing On Heart Rate Recovery Following Anger Recall., Danielle H. Hernandez Jan 2002

The Effects Of Rumination And Emotional Writing On Heart Rate Recovery Following Anger Recall., Danielle H. Hernandez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recognizing that stress is related to a variety of psychological and physical health consequences, several studies have examined strategies individuals use to cope with life stressors. Two such strategies are rumination and emotional writing. Although on the surface, these two strategies appear to evoke similar goals (e.g., exposure to negative life events), research has shown that rumination is closely associated with delays in cardiovascular recovery and emotional writing is possibly linked to enhanced cardiovascular recovery from stress. This experiment examined the effects of rumination and emotional writing on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) recovery from the recall of …


The Contributions Of Optimism And Pessimism To Physical And Psychological Well-Being Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes., Jenessa C. Johnson Jan 2002

The Contributions Of Optimism And Pessimism To Physical And Psychological Well-Being Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes., Jenessa C. Johnson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The current study investigated how expectancies for good (optimism) vs. bad (pessimism) outcomes contribute to physical and psychological well-being among adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were 71 community-dwelling adults, ages 45 to 88. Telephone interviews queried about optimism and pessimism via the Life Orientation Test (LOT) and a diabetes-specific LOT (DLOT), depression, positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), diabetes perceptions, and selfcare behaviors (diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring). Higher LOT optimism was associated with lower levels of depression and higher PA. Higher LOT and DLOT pessimism were related to lower PA. Neither the LOT nor DLOT were associated with …


Understanding Retroviral Replication: Roles Of Nucleocapsid And Rnase H During Reverse Transcription In Vivo., Wen-Hui Zhang Jan 2002

Understanding Retroviral Replication: Roles Of Nucleocapsid And Rnase H During Reverse Transcription In Vivo., Wen-Hui Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Retroviruses exhibit high genetic variability, which is generated by mutations and recombination during viral replication. This can lead to rapid emergence of viral variants resistant to antiretroviral drugs. A better understanding of retroviral replication may lead to the development of improved antiviral drug therapy and effective vaccines to retrovirus-related diseases. The fact that retroviral nucleocapsid protein (NC) is multifunctional and plays crucial roles in viral replication makes it a good target for antiviral drug development. By studying how NC affects reverse transcriptase (RT) template switching, the in vivo role of NC during reverse transcription can be explored. Using a sensitive …


The Effects Of An Aggression -Management Training Intervention Program On Controlling Ice Hockey Player Penalty Minutes., Mark Anthony Mattesi Jan 2002

The Effects Of An Aggression -Management Training Intervention Program On Controlling Ice Hockey Player Penalty Minutes., Mark Anthony Mattesi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Aggression in sport, either hostile or instrumental, is defined within the literature as purposeful and having the capacity to be rule-violating, leading to penalties or potentially causing psychological or physical injury to another. To date, few studies have looked at controlling and reducing levels of aggression and penalty minutes with ice hockey players. No research has developed a program specifically for controlling ice hockey players' aggression. Sport psychology literature does include research done by Silva (1982), which only looked at one variable in terms of stress reduction in teaching stress management skills to overly aggressive ice hockey players. The general …


The Relationship Between West Virginia School Principals' Self-Perceived Brain Hemispheric Cognitive Styles/Leadership Styles And Identified Schools Of Excellence., James Perry Varner Jan 2002

The Relationship Between West Virginia School Principals' Self-Perceived Brain Hemispheric Cognitive Styles/Leadership Styles And Identified Schools Of Excellence., James Perry Varner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify the predominant self-perceived brain hemispheric cognitive styles and leadership styles of principals of schools identified as a West Virginia School of Excellence and to compare these with principals of schools that have not been identified as a West Virginia School of Excellence. The following research questions provided the focus for this study: Is there a difference between West Virginia principals of schools identified as a West Virginia School of Excellence and principals of schools not identified as a School of Excellence who perceive themselves as: (1) Right brain hemispheric cognitive style and …