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Friction And Leakage Characteristics Of Inflatable Structures In Tunnels, Joshua J. Sill
Friction And Leakage Characteristics Of Inflatable Structures In Tunnels, Joshua J. Sill
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Inflatable technology has become a popular alternative for replacing conventional ways of building structures. Inflatable structures offer the benefits of being lightweight and portable while maintaining needed rigidity and reducing production costs. These benefits have prompted the use of inflatables in confined spaces such as pipes and tunnels to act as barriers with minimal infrastructure modification. This work focuses on using these inflatables, or plugs, in transportation subway tunnels as a way to mitigate threats such as floods.;In order to stop the flow of water, the plug must be capable of being pressurized and apply enough pressure on the tunnel …
Ash Removal From Low Rank Coal, Deepankar Virendra Sharma
Ash Removal From Low Rank Coal, Deepankar Virendra Sharma
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The work presented here is concerned with cleaning of low rank coals such as Texas lignite. As a result, Jewett Texas lignite was cleaned from 28% ash by weight to 8.5%. In the first part of the thesis, it is proved that conventional cleaning techniques used for bituminous and sub-bituminous having pyritic impurities does not work for cleaning lignite coal because of different coal chemistry and the presence of clay impurities. Hence after trying conventional processes, there was a need for a new technique capable of removing clay from low rank coals.;Micronized coal, obtained from DevourX LLC, proved to be …
Demographic Response Of American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius L.) To Climate Change, Sara Souther
Demographic Response Of American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius L.) To Climate Change, Sara Souther
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Ecological response to recent climate change has been documented for a multitude of species worldwide. Climate models predict further increases in temperature, as much as 8 times the degree of warming that has already occurred. Given observations of species response to contemporary climate change and the unprecedented degree of warming expected over the next century, climate change will no doubt determine future ecosystem composition and affect global species diversity. In order to prevent loss of biodiversity, it is necessary to understand and accurately project species' response to climate, and to identify species that are vulnerable to climate change driven extinctions. …
Molecular Phylogeny Of The Oestroidea, Baneshwar Singh
Molecular Phylogeny Of The Oestroidea, Baneshwar Singh
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The superfamily Oestroidea includes approximately 9% (≈14,000 spp.) of the order Diptera. Many members of the superfamily are of medical, veterinary, agricultural, and forensic importance. Although Oestroidea has been the subject of much scientific scrutiny, the exact patterns of phylogenetic relationships among the key groups of the superfamily are unresolved and controversial. For a better understanding of oestroid evolutionary hypotheses, phylogenies of Oestroidea were reconstructed at several taxonomic levels using DNA sequence data. The specific aims were to determine the phylogeny of the 1) genus Chrysomya (Chrysomyinae); 2) subfamily Chrysomyinae (Calliphoridae); 3) family Oestridae (Oestroidea); and 4) family Calliphoridae (Oestroidea). …
Effects Of Load And Gradient On Musculoskeletal Loading During Dynamic Two-Wheeled Cart Pushing And Pulling, Yun Sun
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Pushing and pulling of carts are found to be associated with low back pain and shoulder complaints. It is currently unclear as to how the dynamic pushing and pulling tasks performed under different task conditions (e.g. weight, walkway gradient, direction of force application) affect the musculoskeletal loading of low back and shoulder joints. Therefore, the objective in this study was to evaluate dynamic pushing and pulling tasks to quantify their effects on the 3D musculoskeletal loading of low back and shoulder joints. Twelve male participants performed cart pushing pulling tasks along a 5° and 10° ramp by carrying loads of …
Role Of Nitric Oxide And Reactive Oxygen Species In Apoptotic, Inflammatory And Migratory Signaling Pathways In Cancer, Siera Jo Talbott
Role Of Nitric Oxide And Reactive Oxygen Species In Apoptotic, Inflammatory And Migratory Signaling Pathways In Cancer, Siera Jo Talbott
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cancer represents over 200 different diseases of different cell and tissue type origins. The heterogeneity of tumors presents challenges in finding effective treatments for the different diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular events that promote tumorgenesis can assist in the development of better targeted treatments and therapies. Reduction/oxidation (redox) biology has become increasingly important as high levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reported in both the development of cancer and in response to treatment. In addition to their known potential biotoxic effects on DNA, proteins and lipids, NO and ROS are recognized as secondary messengers within …
Role Of Inhibition In Binaural Processing, Jesse M. Thompson
Role Of Inhibition In Binaural Processing, Jesse M. Thompson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The medial and lateral superior olives (MSO, LSO) are the lowest order cell groups in the mammalian auditory circuit to receive massive binaural input. The MSO functions in part to encode interaural time differences (ITD), the predominant cue for localization of low frequency sounds. Binaural inputs to the MSO consist of excitatory projections from the cochlear nuclei (CN) and inhibitory projections from both the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body (LNTB). The interaction of excitatory and inhibitory currents within an MSO cell's soma and dendrites over the backdrop of its intrinsic ionic …
An Investigation Of Diesel Pm Particle Morphology Using Tem And Sem, Ganesh Vedula
An Investigation Of Diesel Pm Particle Morphology Using Tem And Sem, Ganesh Vedula
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research investigates the effect of engine load and combustion mode on the size, shape and microstructure of PM particles of two diesel engines using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and electron microscopes including scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The effect of engine load on the morphology of PM particle was investigated using a 2004 MACK MP7-355E heavy-duty diesel engine. The effect of combustion mode on the morphology of the PM particles was preliminarily examined using 2005 Opel 1.9 L light-duty diesel engine. The SEM images were processed using ImageJ V: 1.44o software to obtain …
Computational Hybrid Systems For Identifying Prognostic Gene Markers Of Lung Cancer, Ying-Wooi Wan
Computational Hybrid Systems For Identifying Prognostic Gene Markers Of Lung Cancer, Ying-Wooi Wan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Lung cancer is the most fatal cancer around the world. Current lung cancer prognosis and treatment is based on tumor stage population statistics and could not reliably assess the risk for developing recurrence in individual patients. Biomarkers enable treatment options to be tailored to individual patients based on their tumor molecular characteristics. To date, there is no clinically applied molecular prognostic model for lung cancer. Statistics and feature selection methods identify gene candidates by ranking the association between gene expression and disease outcome, but do not account for the interactions among genes. Computational network methods could model interactions, but have …
Development Of An Emotional Pain Interview, Ben Weinstein
Development Of An Emotional Pain Interview, Ben Weinstein
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study developed and tested the Emotional Pain Interview (EPI), a semi-structured interview measuring emotional pain, using community dwelling adults with a significant history of emotional pain (n = 16; emotional pain group) relative to matched controls reporting a prior significant positive life experience (n = 16; positive life experience group). The EPI and a matching positive life event interview were used to assess all participants regarding prior emotionally painful and positive life experiences. Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Ratings of emotional responding (i.e., Valence, Arousal, and Control/Dominance) were made for prior emotionally painful …
De Novo Asymmetric Syntheses Of Bioactive Natural Products And Carbohydrate Motifs, Yalan Xing
De Novo Asymmetric Syntheses Of Bioactive Natural Products And Carbohydrate Motifs, Yalan Xing
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
De novo asymmetric syntheses of daumone I-1 and the fluorescent analog have been described. This route took advantage of the Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of acetyl furan and alkynyl ketone, the Pd-catalyzed glycosylation and various post-glycosylation transformations to finish the total synthesis of Daumone I-1, which provided materials for mechanism of action studies.;In an effort to mimics natures use of rare sugars in the synthesis of biologically important natural products (e.g., the carbohydrate portion of Daumone I-1), the O'Doherty group has been interested in developing new methods for practical and stereoselective synthesis. As part of these efforts, a concise synthesis of …
Rna In Forensic Science: Novel Techniques For Biological Evidence, Stephanie T. Young
Rna In Forensic Science: Novel Techniques For Biological Evidence, Stephanie T. Young
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The techniques currently utilized for collecting biological evidence at the scenes of violent crimes such as murder, rape, and kidnapping are employed simply to preserve evidence for future DNA analysis. Although DNA is extremely useful in forensic casework, biological samples possess yet another valuable molecule, RNA. The use of RNA in forensic analysis of samples is currently on the rise. In the past, RNA was thought to degrade much too quickly to be of any benefit to the forensic community. The work presented in this dissertation seeks to demonstrate otherwise. While true that RNA is not as stable as DNA, …
Formulating A Conceptual Framework To Understand Native American Perceptions Of Place And Identity: A Temporal Examination Of The Spatio-Social Effects Of Uneven Development Through Accumulation By Dispossession, Denyse Wyskup
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research dialectically conceptualizes how capitalist uneven development and subsequent occurrences has shaped, and continues to shape, Native American perceptions of place and identity. Specifically, this research focuses on accumulation by dispossession, a key component of uneven development, and the spatio-historic effects this form of dispossession has had on Native American lifeworlds. This research focuses primarily upon federal legislation in the form of treaties, acts, and court rulings as the predominant component sustaining accumulation by dispossession and, in turn, perpetuating uneven development within Native American communities. In order to more holistically conceptualize the impacts of accumulation by dispossession three Native …
A Study On Physical Factors That May Influence The Spread And Occurrence Of Influenza, Kedar V. Panday
A Study On Physical Factors That May Influence The Spread And Occurrence Of Influenza, Kedar V. Panday
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Influenza is one of respiratory infections causing the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Every day tens of millions of people suffer from virus infection worldwide with varying severity and with a high economic impact. Influenza transmission from person to person occurs in various ways. This study is an attempt to understand airborne transmission in indoor locations by examining the relation between environmental parameters such as temperature and relative humidity with the number of influenza like illness (ILI) cases. It is proposed that the pattern of influenza activity is primarily a function of indoor relative humidity in temperate regions. This conclusion …
A Comprehensive Simulation Model For Floating Gate Transistors, Steven Joseph Rapp
A Comprehensive Simulation Model For Floating Gate Transistors, Steven Joseph Rapp
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Floating-gate transistors have proven to be extremely useful devices in the development of analog systems; however, the inability to properly simulate these devices has held back their adoption. The objective of this work was to develop a complete simulation model for a floating-gate (FG) MOSFET using both standard SPICE primitives and also MOSFET models taken directly from foundry characterizations. This new simulation model will give analog designers the ability simulate all aspects of floating-gate device operation including transient, AC and DC characteristics. This work describes the development of this model and demonstrates its use in various applications.
An Exploration Of Elementary School Counselors' Perceptions Of Students' Exposure To Violent Video Games, Tammy Lynn Woody
An Exploration Of Elementary School Counselors' Perceptions Of Students' Exposure To Violent Video Games, Tammy Lynn Woody
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study explored elementary school counselors' perceptions of working with students exposed to violent video games. Certified elementary school counselors participated in both an online survey and individual interviews, revealing their observations regarding elementary school children and the phenomenon of gaming. An emphasis was placed on information about violent video games and how playing these games appear to impact the students in their schools.;The study addressed the overarching question of whether or not elementary school counselors have concerns about student exposure to violent video games and how they respond to student generated discussions of playing violent video games. The study …
Nanofabrication Of Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Resonators For Biosensing, Henry Bolivar Andagana Junta
Nanofabrication Of Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Resonators For Biosensing, Henry Bolivar Andagana Junta
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Advances in nanofabrication have made possible the development of novel nanophotonics based on Photonic Crystal (PhC) structures. Different types of biosensors have been proposed to take advantage of the unique optical properties of PhCs, which, when combined with microfluidics, provide an enabling approach for biomolecule analysis. In this thesis, nanofabrication of a new biosensor structure integrating a 2D PhC nanocavity resonator with an optofluidic channel is described. The recipes for e-beam lithography of PhC and PhC nanocavity patterns were optimized by carefully tuning the e-beam dose as well as control of the resist baking and development conditions. Two PhC fabrication …
The Effect Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Derived From Various Sources On Bone Metabolism In Growing Female Rats, Robin E. Lukas
The Effect Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Derived From Various Sources On Bone Metabolism In Growing Female Rats, Robin E. Lukas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Bone loss may be lessened if bone mass and strength are increased by optimizing nutrition intervention. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (o-3 PUFAs) have been suggested to improve bone mineralization and microarchitecture by affecting mineral balance and lipid peroxidation. However, the sources of the o-3 PUFA differ in the types of o-3 PUFA, ratios, and structural form. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the effect of o-3 PUFAs from different sources on bone mineral and microarchitecture and explore potential associations. Growing (28 day) female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n=10/group) to a high fat 12% (weight) diet consisting of either …
Effects Of Acid Mine Drainage And Acid Precipitation On Leaf Litter Breakdown Rates In Appalachian Headwater Streams, Mary Fiona Stewart
Effects Of Acid Mine Drainage And Acid Precipitation On Leaf Litter Breakdown Rates In Appalachian Headwater Streams, Mary Fiona Stewart
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Acid precipitation and acid mine drainage have dramatically altered chemical conditions and biological assemblages in streams throughout the central Appalachians. Effects of acidification on functional stream processes such as organic matter decomposition, however, remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify differences in organic matter decomposition among reference streams, streams impacted by acid precipitation, and streams impacted by acid mine drainage; and (2) determine if lowered decomposition rates are the result of reduced microbial activity or altered invertebrate shredder assemblages or both. I quantified water chemistry, organic matter decomposition, microbial activity, and macroinvertebrate community structure in …
Evaluating The Effects Of The Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) On Soil, Vegetation, And Wildlife, Joshua Allen Vance
Evaluating The Effects Of The Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) On Soil, Vegetation, And Wildlife, Joshua Allen Vance
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Corridor D was one of the original 23 highway corridors selected by the Appalachian Highway Development System in 1965 and stretches from Bridgeport, West Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. The last piece of Corridor D to be completed was the Blennerhassett Island Bridge which crosses over the Ohio River and Blennerhassett Island near Parkersburg, West Virginia and Belpre, Ohio. The Blennerhassett Island Bridge is a tied-arch style bridge about 1,220 m in length and 24 m above the ground and water surface. Construction of the bridge began in March 2005 and the bridge was opened to the public in June 2008. …
Hydrologic Soil Grouping Determination For Appalachian Minesoils, Anthony Willard
Hydrologic Soil Grouping Determination For Appalachian Minesoils, Anthony Willard
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The hydrologic soil group refers to the infiltration potential of the soil after prolonged wetting. This classification system separates soils into four hydrologic groups (A, B, C, and D), based upon the intake and transmission of water under conditions of maximum yearly wetness. Group A has the lowest runoff potential and D the highest. Several soil properties are used to determine the hydrologic soil groupings. In the study of the hydrologic soil nature, soil properties that affect infiltration, such as bulk density, porosity and texture, should be considered. Associated factors that affect infiltration in the field are slope and vegetation. …
Mechanisms Of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Angiogenesis, Yingxue Zhu
Mechanisms Of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Angiogenesis, Yingxue Zhu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Hard metal or cemented carbide consists of a powder mixture of 80 to 90% of tungsten carbide (WC) and 5 to 10% of metallic cobalt (Co). Nanoparticles are engineered structures with one dimension of at least 100 nanometers or smaller. The small size results in properties that may be substantially different from particles of the same composition in the micrometer scale. It has been demonstrated that the inhalation of hard metal particles may cause an interstitial pulmonary disease and lung cancer, the mechanism of which involves an interaction between Co and WC particles, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and …
Using Environmental And Site-Specific Variables To Model Current And Future Distribution Of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens Sarg.) Forest Habitat In West Virginia, Nathan R. Beane
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Red spruce forests are a remnant ecosystem from the interglacial period of the Wisconsin glaciation and today are considered one of the most threatened forest ecosystems in the eastern United States. The extent of red spruce forests in West Virginia prior to exploitative logging which occurred from 1880--1920 is estimated at 190,000 ha, but today, these forests are estimated to occupy no more than 24,000 ha, resulting primarily from intense anthropogenic disturbances. With the extensive loss of presettlement habitat for red spruce in West Virginia, this species is a high priority for restoration, as these forests offer the unique habitat …
Ferric Iron Nanoparticle Formation Mediated By Negatively Charged Polypeptides, Vamsi Krishna Aluru
Ferric Iron Nanoparticle Formation Mediated By Negatively Charged Polypeptides, Vamsi Krishna Aluru
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The creation of magnetite particles by magnetotactic bacteria has been of great interest for a number of years. Previous studies have shown that magnetite nanocrystals have been synthesized in the presence of recombinant Mms6 protein. Mms6 plays a vital role in the biomineralization of bacterial magnetite nanocrystals. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of functional group type on size and shape of magnetic nanoparticles formed by biomineralization. Control over the size of nanoparticles is paramount. Use of nanoparticles as contrast agents in MRI is advantageous, as they are small enough to be localized in desired region …
Ecology Of Trifolium Stoloniferum (Muhl. Ex A. Eaton), A Federally Endangered Vascular Plant, At The Fernow Experimental Forest In West Virginia, John Q. Burkhart
Ecology Of Trifolium Stoloniferum (Muhl. Ex A. Eaton), A Federally Endangered Vascular Plant, At The Fernow Experimental Forest In West Virginia, John Q. Burkhart
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis presents work addressing the ecology of Trifolium stoloniferum, a federally endangered vascular plant species, in the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. In this thesis, I describe the historical ecology of this species and make a case that at one time it occurred in great abundance in association with trails created by large mammals and humans that intersected rich, open forests. Similar conditions exist at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, but instead of large mammals, the requisite soil disturbance, control of competing vegetation, and canopy perforation are created by timber-harvesting related disturbances, particularly gap creation by tree …
Developing A Cellular Assay For Screening Inhibitors Of Stat4 Phosphorylation, Vivian Marcela Suarez
Developing A Cellular Assay For Screening Inhibitors Of Stat4 Phosphorylation, Vivian Marcela Suarez
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In order to design better therapeutic strategies, scientists work on understanding the interactions that take place at cell level and have an effect on the immune system. In order to identify a few possible inhibitors that may be up-regulated in tumor environment and that may affect T-cell action, a cellular assay was designed. An Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-responsive murine Th1 cell clone called 2D6 was used as cellular model to study the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the phosphorylation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), a key element in IL-12 signaling. Cells were …
Exploring The Utility Of A Giscience Approach To Modeling Invasive Species: A Case Study Of Ailanthus Altissima, Arthur Elmes
Exploring The Utility Of A Giscience Approach To Modeling Invasive Species: A Case Study Of Ailanthus Altissima, Arthur Elmes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis investigated the potential for integration of remotely sensed and GIS data into an agent-based modeling environment in order to model seed dispersal and subsequent establishment of windborne seeds. In order to explore the applicability of agent-based modeling to predicting seed dispersal, a case study was carried out using the representative example species Ailanthus altissima, an invasive tree found throughout North America's temperate regions. Seed movement was modeled in two stages, primary and secondary dispersal; primary dispersal was calibrated using existing field data, while secondary dispersal was calibrated only qualitatively. Establishment potential was accounted for probabilistically, based on landuse …
Dynamic Src Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Directs Invadopodia Formation And Function In Head And Neck Cancer: Novel Insights Into The Original Oncogene, Laura Catherine Kelley
Dynamic Src Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Directs Invadopodia Formation And Function In Head And Neck Cancer: Novel Insights Into The Original Oncogene, Laura Catherine Kelley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cancer cell invasion and motility is mediated through actin-rich protrusions that facilitate migration through extracellular matrix and degradation of tissue barriers. Src tyrosine kinase is an essential catalyst of motile actin networks and is a potent mediator of the metastatic program. The Src substrate cortactin is a critical scaffold that links kinase signaling to cytoskeletal dynamics. Both Src and cortactin are overexpressed in several human cancers and their expression is associated with poor prognosis. These proteins are not associated with the initiation of tumorigenesis, but are thought to play a vital role in the metastatic process. The overall aim of …
An Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Safety Of A Protocol To Premedicate Neonates For Elective Or Semi-Urgent Intubations In A Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Judith Dunmire Polak
An Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Safety Of A Protocol To Premedicate Neonates For Elective Or Semi-Urgent Intubations In A Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Judith Dunmire Polak
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background. Intubation is a painful and stressful procedure frequently performed in the NICU, yet less than 1% of US preterm infants receive premedication. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an intubation protocol in the NICU to add one 2mcg/kg dose of fentanyl prior to the procedure.;Objectives. The primary outcome was to decrease the time to successful intubation. Secondary outcomes were to increase staff knowledge regarding procedural pain, to reduce the number of attempts and to decrease adverse physiologic events.;Design. Staff attended one educational session. Pre- and post-tests assessed knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes. Data pre- and …
A Novel Global Pattern Recognition Algorithm, Joseph M. Stoffa
A Novel Global Pattern Recognition Algorithm, Joseph M. Stoffa
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The background, development, performance assessment, and analysis of a novel pattern recognition algorithm that is applicable to any set of binary images are discussed. The efficacy of the algorithm when applied to the problem of fingerprint recognition is quantified. The conclusion was that the algorithm is relatively poor as a fingerprint identification algorithm, averaging an equal error rate of approximately 19% as calculated by the rules specified in the Year 2000 Fingerprint Verification Competition. The positive attributes of the algorithm were its ultra-fast matching times, orientation independence, lack of rejection events, relative insensitivity to resolution difference, and one-way transformations. The …