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Effects Of Nitrogen And Water On Growth, Photosynthesis, And Leaf Properties Of Deciduous Tree Species With Consequences For Gypsy Moth Herbivory, Teri S. Myers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study addressed the hypothesis that plants exposed to elevated N availability are more susceptible to drought and insect herbivory. I grew seedlings of gray birch (Betula populifolia), yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis), and red oak (Quercus rubra) for two years under varying levels of N and water availability in the field. Growth and biomass allocation were examined for the three species. Photosynthetic response was determined and feeding trials with gypsy moth larvae were conducted with both birch species. I found that the effects of nitrogen on growth and biomass allocation depended on species, while water had no significant effect on …
Induction Of Myosin Cross-Reactive Antibody And Cytolytic T Cell Responses In Mice With Streptococcus Pyogenes, Cynthia Ann Cunningham
Induction Of Myosin Cross-Reactive Antibody And Cytolytic T Cell Responses In Mice With Streptococcus Pyogenes, Cynthia Ann Cunningham
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Impetigo and pharyngitis are two common suppurative infections in man elicited by Streptococcus pyogenes that lead to autoimmune complications in susceptible individuals. Although the underlying mechanisms for the onset of post-streptococcal autoimmunity have yet to be established, experimental information gained thus far suggests that the resultant pathology is a consequence of immunological cross-reactivity between streptococcal antigens, namely the anti-phagocytic factor M protein and host proteins, specifically myosin. Experimental animal model systems developed to date have predominantly relied on the immunization of adult animals with M protein emulsed in adjuvant. In the laboratory we have undertaken studies with mice to examine …
Evaluation Of The International 4-H Youth Exchange (Ifye) Program, Mary Elizabeth Williams
Evaluation Of The International 4-H Youth Exchange (Ifye) Program, Mary Elizabeth Williams
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the International 4-H Program achieved its objectives regarding positive cross-cultural attitudes, life leadership skills, and host culture knowledge through the six-month International 4-H Youth Exchange (IFYE) Program. The population consisted of the twenty-one 1999 IFYE six-month representatives. A descriptive census survey was used to collect the data for the study. Each participant completed pre- and post-exchange evaluations while attending the program orientation and debriefing at the National 4-H Center. The major finding of this study was the representative's significant gain in host culture knowledge. The IFYE representatives' positive …
Prenatal Care Utilization And Its Effect On Pregnancy Outcome In West Virginia, Cortney Robyn Usakewicz
Prenatal Care Utilization And Its Effect On Pregnancy Outcome In West Virginia, Cortney Robyn Usakewicz
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prenatal care utilization and maternal dietary intake on pregnancy outcome among West Virginia WIC participants. The sample size (102--155) used in this study varied, due to the number of subjects that provided complete information for specific variables. Data were obtained from survey questionnaires, participants' medical records and food frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Statistica using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation.;Results of this study showed that women who experienced transportation problems or had problems with the father of the baby delayed initiation of prenatal care. In turn, these problems negatively …
Timing Of Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting In Maxillary Alveolar Cleft Defects, Richard Morrow Crout
Timing Of Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting In Maxillary Alveolar Cleft Defects, Richard Morrow Crout
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Numerous methods have been attempted to identify the best time for secondary alveolar cleft bone grafting, including chronological age, skeletal age, and dental age. However, few studies have employed objective methods of assessment that would permit statistical analysis. Fifty-nine patients with clefts of the alveolus who acquired secondary alveolar cleft grafts at the Lancaster Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic were studied. A total of 74 affected areas from 15 bilateral and 44 unilateral alveolar cleft patients were available. Timing of the graft was determined utilizing root development of the involved canine, as compared to crown length, from a high quality …
Web-Based Workflow In Secure Collaborative Telemedicine, Vijayanand Ranganath Bharadwaj
Web-Based Workflow In Secure Collaborative Telemedicine, Vijayanand Ranganath Bharadwaj
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Workflow involves the automation of a business process in whole or part with movement of information and tasks between parties according to a set of rules. The ubiquitous nature of the Internet and WWW prompts us to investigate how these entities can be fully exploited to improve the efficiency of any workflow process in a reliable, secure fashion.;This research effort alms to investigate the utility of the internet and specifically the WWW in providing a substrate for complex workflow and to demonstrate that workflow with a high degree of automation and ability to interface with disparate data sources can be …
Factors Influencing Ruffed Grouse Productivity And Chick Survival In West Virginia, Christopher A. Dobony
Factors Influencing Ruffed Grouse Productivity And Chick Survival In West Virginia, Christopher A. Dobony
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
I examined productivity, chick mortality, and factors influencing ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) chick survival in West Virginia during 1998--1999. The proportion of hens that attempted to nest, hen success, average clutch size, and hatch dates were similar between age classes, between sites, and between years. Hatch dates were similar between age classes and between sites. Depredation was the major cause of nest failure. I examined 2 types of radio transmitter attachment methods (glue-on and collar type) to determine mortality and survival in ≤3-day-old grouse chicks. Glue-on transmitters performed poorly, whereas collar types had excellent retention time. Chick survival was low …
Pregnancy Intendedness Among A Low Income Population, Amy Nicole Thomas
Pregnancy Intendedness Among A Low Income Population, Amy Nicole Thomas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction. In the United States, approximately 3.1 million births per year are classified as unintended. Specific aims. This study will examine the association between pregnancy intendedness and support characteristics, key demographic factors and psychological factors in a low income population. Methods. Three interviews were conducted as part of the intensive evaluation. Questions focused on demographics, prenatal health behaviors and psychosocial factors. Results. Unintended pregnancy resulting in birth was most commonly found among non-White, poorly educated and those living in poverty. The support of the family or friends was not found to be significant when comparing it to the intendedness of …
Parental Influences On High School Student Achievement And Goals, Richard K. York
Parental Influences On High School Student Achievement And Goals, Richard K. York
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study examined parental influences on educational and career goals of high school students. Data on educational and career goals from the Perceived Life Chances Interview were derived from 124 rural adolescents. One hundred of their mothers and 36 of their fathers completed the Inventory of Parental Influence which consists of five subscales of Parental Involvement/Help, Psychological Support, Parental Pressure, Pressure for Intellectual Development, and Time Management/Monitoring. Responses from the Perceived Life Chances Interview were qualitatively analyzed in order to derive categories that reflected the varying responses from participants. These categories served as dependent variables in a series of …
Foodborne Pathogens In Poultry Production And Post-Harvest Control, Rajesh R. Nayak
Foodborne Pathogens In Poultry Production And Post-Harvest Control, Rajesh R. Nayak
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A comprehensive ecological survey was conducted from April 1997 to June 1999 on four turkey flocks (F5-F8) to identify the preharvest sources of Salmonella colonization. Generic E. coli and total coliforms were enumerated as indicators of fecal contamination in F7 and F8. Turkey cecal and crop contents, litter, drinkers, air, feed, feeder contents, and environmental swabs were sampled and tested for Salmonella and E. coli. Salmonella was isolated from 13% of litter, 11% of turkey ceca, 10% of drinkers, and 5% of swabs. Escherichia coli and total coliforms were detected in 45 and 53% of samples, respectively. Salmonella heidelberg was …
Increasing Self-Efficacy With Diabetes Cooking Schools, Sheila Rye
Increasing Self-Efficacy With Diabetes Cooking Schools, Sheila Rye
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Dining with Diabetes, a diabetes cooking school program offered through West Virginia University Extension Service, targets dietary self-management and is guided by Social Cognitive Theory. This study compared two convenience samples of persons with diabetes. One group attended the program, (experimental, n = 34) the other, (comparison, n = 13) did not. The groups were evaluated at baseline and three-month post-test regarding knowledge about dietary management of diabetes, skill and self-efficacy in preparing simple recipes. Four participants in the experimental group (11.4%) and one person from the comparison group (7.7%) had increases in all three areas. The study also assessed …
Food Habits Of The Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma Magister ), Nikole Lee Castleberry
Food Habits Of The Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma Magister ), Nikole Lee Castleberry
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Regional declines in Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister ) populations suggest a better understanding of the ecology of this species is needed for proper management. I described seasonal food habits of the Allegheny woodrat in the Ridge and Valley and Allegheny Plateau physiographic provinces of West Virginia and Virginia using microhistological techniques. In the Allegheny Plateau, the top 5 food items were fungi, blueberries ( Vaccinium spp.), acorns (Quercus spp.), ferns ( Dryopteris spp.), and lichens. In the Ridge and Valley woodrats ate primarily blackberry (Rubus spp.) leaves, fungi, greenbrier (Smilax spp.) leaves, acorns, and oak leaves. Additionally, we examined the …
Common Factors Leading To County Boards Of Education Financial Deficits, David L. Stewart
Common Factors Leading To County Boards Of Education Financial Deficits, David L. Stewart
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study reviewed and analyzed budget deficits incurred by county boards of education in West Virginia and determined why increasing numbers of county boards of education have experienced deficit spending since the enactment of Senate Bill 14.;This study utilized a descriptive research design. The West Virginia Department of Education provided deficit, enrollment, and personnel data; all fifty-five county superintendents and treasurers were surveyed to determine the frequency and cause of budget deficits. One hundred percent of both groups responded to the survey.;In conclusion, factors contributing to county boards of education experiencing financial deficit included: (1) reduction of numbers of employees …
An Examination Of Existing Caregiving Models And Male Spousal Caregivers., Kristi A. Barnes
An Examination Of Existing Caregiving Models And Male Spousal Caregivers., Kristi A. Barnes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As part of a larger study examining well-being among older West Virginia residents, male spousal caregivers (n = 30) and their non-caregiving counterparts (n = 99) were compared on self-reports of physical and psychological well-being, and appraisals of social support. Demographic trends suggest the importance of examining the caregiving situation among females, the traditional caregivers, and male caregivers who are growing in numbers. The data revealed few differences between caregivers and non-caregivers, chronological age was not a factor. This suggests that the male and female caregiving experience are not consistent. Given the growing percentage of male caregivers and the demand …
Whole-Body Vibration And The Lower Back: The Effect Of Whole-Body Vibration On Pain In The Lower Back., Erik W. Gregory
Whole-Body Vibration And The Lower Back: The Effect Of Whole-Body Vibration On Pain In The Lower Back., Erik W. Gregory
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study utilized six subjects from the West Virginia University Motor pool, whose exposure to whole-body vibrations were measured and reported as root mean squared (r.m.s.) values in accordance with ISO standard 2631. Each subject completed a questionnaire regarding their general health, and specifically whether they experienced low back pain, and if so, the extent and severity of this pain. It was expected that the individuals subjected to the highest vibration levels would tend to report LBP, with severity of pain increasing with the intensity of exposure. This study did not support that belief. However, it may be that chronic …
Concentrations Levels Of Fluoride In Bottled Drinking Water And Filtered Water Using Home Filtration Systems., Sissy Ann Daniel Johnson
Concentrations Levels Of Fluoride In Bottled Drinking Water And Filtered Water Using Home Filtration Systems., Sissy Ann Daniel Johnson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Minimal and conflicting research exists on the fluoride content of bottled water and the degree of fluoride elimination using home filtration systems. A convenience sample of bottled waters (N=65) and home filtration systems (N=2) available in West Virginia was obtained. Results indicate: 1) fifty-seven of the brands tested contain fluoride below the optimal level; 2) only three brands had documented on the label, yet these total labels were fluoride levels inconsistent labeling; 3) seven have municipal water as their source; and 4) neither filtration system tested significantly reduced fluoride from the water. Conclusions include: 1) most bottled waters do not …
A Crop Load Study On 'Nittany' Apple On Two Size-Controlling Rootstocks., Charles Douglas Raines
A Crop Load Study On 'Nittany' Apple On Two Size-Controlling Rootstocks., Charles Douglas Raines
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A field study was conducted on the apple cultivar ‘Nittany’ on M.9 and M.26 rootstocks. Four crop load treatments levels: an unthinned check, 7.5, 5.0, and 2.5 fruit per centimeter trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) were imposed on replicated trees of each rootstock to determine the effects on shoot growth and fruit size. Average terminal and bourse shoot growth were greater for the M.26 rootstock than the M.9 rootstock. Crop load levels had no significant effect on shoot growth. Thinning fruit to the 2.5 fruit/cm2 TCSA level showed the most consistent results in fruit diameter, length, and weight. Fruit size as …
The Decline In Rural Hospitals: The Effect Of Investor-Owned Hospitals., Angela Marie Foley
The Decline In Rural Hospitals: The Effect Of Investor-Owned Hospitals., Angela Marie Foley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Rural health care deserves special attention because rural areas have high poverty rates, a high proportion of elderly residents, and high-risk job conditions. However, the number of rural hospitals, often a rural areasí main source of health care, is decreasing. Literature has shown that one of the main factors in hospital closure is ownership, specifically for-profit. This study examines trends in rural hospitals and other factors, including for-profit ownership, that may affect the declining number of rural hospitals. Data are drawn from annual hospital data from 1974 to 1995. A moving time series analysis is used to present the trends …
The Effectiveness Of Nutrition Education On Nutrition Knowledge Of Female College Athletes., Joanne Chieppa
The Effectiveness Of Nutrition Education On Nutrition Knowledge Of Female College Athletes., Joanne Chieppa
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Subjects were 43 female athletes who participated on three different teams. Interventions were one-page two-sided nutrition newsletters. A consent form, information sheet and 20- question pre-test were given the first day of practice, after which subjects received newsletters every month for three months. Athletes were given a post-test three weeks after they had received the third newsletter. Pre and post-test scores were compared using t-tests. Results showed that nutrition education in the form of newsletters had a significant effect on knowledge. No significant differences were found among teams, by competition status or nutrition course status, i.e. whether individuals had taken, …
Background Concentrations Of Trace Elements In Three West Virginia Soils: Mlra-126., April Dawn Slagle
Background Concentrations Of Trace Elements In Three West Virginia Soils: Mlra-126., April Dawn Slagle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background quantities of trace elements were surveyed in Major Land Resource Area 126, the Central Appalachian Plateau in northwestern West Virginia. Three pedons each of Upshur, Vandalia, (both Typic Hapludalfs) and Gilpin (Typic Hapludult) soils were described and sampled in Doddridge, Mason and Clay counties. Twelve trace elements were extracted from soil samples by the EPA 3051 and hydrofluoric acid methods. The data from both procedures showed that except for Ca and Mg, the HF method extracted greater quantities of trace elements than EPA Method 3051. Significant differences were found for all trace elements except Cd, Cr, and Pb. Calcium, …
Continuing Education In Dental Hygiene: Assessment Of Content And Competencies., Jill L. Self
Continuing Education In Dental Hygiene: Assessment Of Content And Competencies., Jill L. Self
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Although forty-six of the fifty states (92%) currently require continuing dental education (CDE) course attendance to maintain licensure in dental hygiene, a wide range of continuing education requirements exists. The purpose of this study was to survey registered dental hygienists regarding their perceptions and experiences of continuing education and the existence and extent of competency assessments conducted at continuing education courses attended. A 28 question survey was mailed to licensed dental hygienists residing in West Virginia (n=780) and Colorado (n=1130). Although continuing education continues to be a viable method of gaining knowledge and enhancing skills, CDE course assessment of competencies …
The Influences Of Multiple Leaf Species And Flood Disturbance On Leaf Pack Processing In Appalachian Mountain Headwater Streams., Michael Edward Golden
The Influences Of Multiple Leaf Species And Flood Disturbance On Leaf Pack Processing In Appalachian Mountain Headwater Streams., Michael Edward Golden
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
We placed leaf packs containing different proportions of sugar maple and red oak leaves into a headwater stream before and after a winter spate to determine the effects of leaf species and flood disturbance on leaf pack processing and macroivertebrate colonization patterns. We also collected natural leaf packs from three streams to examine how leaf pack quality influences macroinvertebrate colonization. Red oak leaves processed faster in association with maple leaves. Invertebrate densities were higher on leaf packs containing more fast-processing leaves. Invertebrate densities peaked 2.5 times higher and 6 weeks earlier on leaf packs placed after the spate Macroinvertebrates were …
The Effects Of Smoking On Blood Cells, And The Association Between Smoking And Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Women Residing In Northern West Virginia., Rebecca King
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in respiratory disease, cancer and cardiovascular diseases and other health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of smoking on white blood cells and to assess the relation between smoking, red blood cells, nutrient intake, and newborn weight among pregnant WIC participants residing in Northern West Virginia. The study consisted of 110 pregnant women. Data for this study were obtained by in-person interviews at the clinical site or at the participants' home. The findings of the study indicated that the smokers, white blood cells and lymphocytes were positively associated with …
The Effect Of Providing Bedding Encasings On Adherence To Dust Mite Control Procedures In Pediatric Asthma Patients., Karen Elizabeth Joseph
The Effect Of Providing Bedding Encasings On Adherence To Dust Mite Control Procedures In Pediatric Asthma Patients., Karen Elizabeth Joseph
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of providing allergen-control bedding encasings on encasing utilization for children with asthma and dust mite allergy. Twenty parents of such children were assigned to an intervention group, which received dust mite proof covers upon recruitment, or a control group, which did not. Two to three months after recruitment, parent report and observational measures were obtained during a home visit. The intervention group used the encasings, but not other dust mite control strategies, significantly more than the control group, based on parent report, not observation. Use of dust mite proof …
Chicken Lysine α-Ketoglutarate Reductase (Lkr) In Different Tissues And Effects Of Graded Levels Of Dietary Lysine On Lkr And Lysine Oxidation., Megharaja Kandagal Manangi
Chicken Lysine α-Ketoglutarate Reductase (Lkr) In Different Tissues And Effects Of Graded Levels Of Dietary Lysine On Lkr And Lysine Oxidation., Megharaja Kandagal Manangi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
To understand tissue participation in lysine oxidation, chicken lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) activity and lysine oxidation (LOX) were measured in vitro. LKR activity was measured using a spectrophotometer and LOX was measured by collection of 14CO2 from [U-14C] L-lysine. LKR and LOX were measured in homogenates prepared from liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, brain, lungs, spleen, muscle, and intestine. LKR activities were 1000-fold LOX. LKR activity was highest in liver and intestine each approximately 63 µmoles/(hr*g tissue). Activity in other tissues was significantly greater than zero except for muscle. Muscle, liver, and intestine contributed about 70%, 15% and 6.5% respectively of …
The Molecular Mechanism Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Regulation By Dietary Factors In Intact Animals., Batoul Amir-Ahmady
The Molecular Mechanism Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Regulation By Dietary Factors In Intact Animals., Batoul Amir-Ahmady
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene is stimulated by a high-carbohydrate diet and it is inhibited by the addition of polyunsaturated fat to the high-carbohydrate diet. G6PD expression is regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism in the nucleus. In this regard, changes in the amount of G6PD mRNA in the cytoplasm are preceded by similar changes in the amount of nuclear precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) in the absence of changes in transcriptional activity of the gene. Some components of the transcription and pre-mRNA processing machinery as well as pre-mRNA itself are associated with the insoluble portion of the nucleus known as …
An Examination Of The Multiple Domain Predictor Profiles Of Successful Exercise Behavior In A Health Resort Population., Cheryl Lynn Goldman
An Examination Of The Multiple Domain Predictor Profiles Of Successful Exercise Behavior In A Health Resort Population., Cheryl Lynn Goldman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study examined the multiple domain predictor profiles of successful exercise behavior in a health resort population. Successful exercise behavior is operationally defined as maintaining, or changing from a sedentary or somewhat sedentary lifestyle to, an engagement in physical activity at least three times a week for at least twenty minutes each bout (ACSM, 1983). Demographic information, physiological variables, health status and risk factors were assessed at baseline from a sample of repeat guests from a southwestern health and fitness resort. A number of independent variables from each of the three domains were assessed for their ability to predict …
Skeletal Muscle Injury, Fibrosis And Transforming Growth Factor-Beta., Cheryl A. Smith
Skeletal Muscle Injury, Fibrosis And Transforming Growth Factor-Beta., Cheryl A. Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Several animal models were assessed for their ability to produce pathology with a potential for developing fibrosis. Pathology was determined using standard histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. In a model of ethanol-induced myopathy, cytochrome p450 1A1/2 was induced in endothelial cells (i.e. capillaries) but there was insufficient pathology to produce fibrosis. Two models of overload, tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle and a tetanus toxin overload model showed morphological changes including: degenerating fibers, central nuclei, variable myofiber sizes, and an expansion of the extracellular matrix, but changes were non-uniformly distributed making this a poor fibrosis model. A tetanus-toxin model of repetitive strain …
The Usefulness Of Admission Data As A Predictor Of Completion Of An Associate Degree Nursing Program., Shelia Marie Kyle
The Usefulness Of Admission Data As A Predictor Of Completion Of An Associate Degree Nursing Program., Shelia Marie Kyle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine whether or not selected variables used in the admission process can predict and the extent to which they can predict whether or not the student will graduate from an associate degree nursing program. The independent variables for this study were: Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), number of courses completed prior to beginning the nursing program, the pre-admission Grade Point Average (GPA), the number of science courses completed pre-nursing, the number of courses repeated to earn a grade of C or better pre-nursing, and the number of hours transferred from other institutions of …
Association Of Parental Weight With Pregnancy Weight Gain And Outcome, Rini Banerji
Association Of Parental Weight With Pregnancy Weight Gain And Outcome, Rini Banerji
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of paternal of paternal BMI with maternal weight gain, the birth weight of the newborn and to develop a prediction equation. This study utilized a purposive sampling technique. The participants for this study were recruited from five different WIC sites in north central West Virginia. The sample consisted of 156 participants out of which 93 completed the study.;Data was collected from the participants through direct administration of questionnaires and personal interviews. The data was analyzed using the statistical software STATISTICA version 5.5, 1999.;The findings of this study indicate that there …