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Articles 1861 - 1890 of 2809
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Motivation To Change Parenting In Mothers Of Children With And Without Adhd: Associations With Demographic And Psychological Characteristics., Stephanie M. Wagner
Motivation To Change Parenting In Mothers Of Children With And Without Adhd: Associations With Demographic And Psychological Characteristics., Stephanie M. Wagner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Motivation to change is considered an important factor in treatment adherence and outcome, yet there is a lack of research on parental motivation to change in the child psychotherapy literature. The current study examined the internal consistency of a measure of parental motivation, the Parent Motivation Inventory (PMI) and investigated associated demographic and psychological characteristics in 61 mothers of children who exhibited varying degrees of inattentive and/or hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Results demonstrated that the PMI has high internal consistency, can distinguish between mothers of children with and without ADHD, and that an additional 7% of variance in the PMI can be …
Involvement Of Adenosine A1 Receptors In Systemic Inflammation And Altered Vascular Reactivity In Allergic Mice, Dovenia S. Ponnoth
Involvement Of Adenosine A1 Receptors In Systemic Inflammation And Altered Vascular Reactivity In Allergic Mice, Dovenia S. Ponnoth
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Epidemiological studies have established that people who have lung diseases such as asthma and COPD are likely to develop adverse cardiovascular events. While the reason for this has not been elucidated, it is believed that inflammation could be the key component linking the two conditions. Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, has been strongly implicated in asthma pathophysiology and also has potent effects on the cardiovascular system. This work was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the relationship between asthma and its cardiovascular effects, and more specifically the possible role adenosine plays under these conditions.;We hypothesize that asthmatic lung inflammation …
Electrical Properties Of Strained 3c-Silicon Carbide/Silicon Heterostructures., Ronak Rahimi
Electrical Properties Of Strained 3c-Silicon Carbide/Silicon Heterostructures., Ronak Rahimi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In this work, effects of strain and stress in heterostructures consisting of a few nanometers thin 3C-SiC films have been studied. Advances in epitaxial growth technology have enabled the development of high-quality thin film materials. Thin 3C-SiC films exhibit significantly different electrical behavior than the bulk material or the substrate itself, giving rise to a potential use of nano-thin films as surface sensors. In order to investigate the properties of thin film structures, nano-thin 3C-SiC layers were grown on n-type silicon substrates by Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (GSMBE). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) characterizations were …
Achieving The Dream: An Actor's Journey And Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Solo Performance Based Upon The Life Of Novelist And Civil Rights Activist, James Baldwin., Rodney A. Creech
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This document explores the creative process involved in the development and writing of the one-man performance, focusing on the life and writings of essayist, novelist, playwright, and poet James Baldwin. This documentation will also cover research, journal excerpts, rehearsal, performance and self-evaluation of this thesis project.
A Comparison Of Bacterial Adherence On Standard Orthodontic Brackets And Titanium Miniscrew Implants: An In Vivo And In Vitro Study., Lindsay Jackfert
A Comparison Of Bacterial Adherence On Standard Orthodontic Brackets And Titanium Miniscrew Implants: An In Vivo And In Vitro Study., Lindsay Jackfert
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fixed orthodontic appliances including standard brackets and titanium minscrews have the ability to introduce mechanical plaque (biofilm) traps. These orthodontic appliances impair plaque removal, proper oral hygiene, and gingival health11. The purpose of this study is to determine the bacterial accumulation and subsequent biofilm formation on miniscrews and compare it to that of metal orthodontic brackets, in vivo and in-vitro. Plaque samples were taken from the orthodontic brackets and miniscrews in-vivo. S. mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and P. gingivalis were cultured from these samples. In-vitro, a unique experimental set-up was created in the laboratory. Metal brackets and titanium miniscrew implants were …
Cultural Assimilation, Appropriation And Commercialization: Authenticity In Rap Music, 1997-2004., Jonathan P. Tummons
Cultural Assimilation, Appropriation And Commercialization: Authenticity In Rap Music, 1997-2004., Jonathan P. Tummons
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis examines the changes in authenticity in rap lyrics between 1997 and 2004. Throughout its American history, Black music has expressed the lived experiences, the psychological realities, of Africans in diaspora and has always functioned to help create, negotiate and maintain cultural identity or “Blackness”. Within the last 20 years, rap music has undergone a tremendous amount of commercialization and appropriation by capitalistic culture industries and their largely white consumer base which has resulted in the widespread assimilation of black cultural expression into popular (white) culture. Rap artists increasingly invoke their authenticity as a way of preserving their cultural …
Fibroblast Growth Factor -19: A Novel Factor That Inhibits Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis., Sushant Bhatnagar
Fibroblast Growth Factor -19: A Novel Factor That Inhibits Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis., Sushant Bhatnagar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Previous studies have shown that administration of fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) reverses diabetes, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, and adipose accretion in animal models of obesity. To investigate the mechanism for this effect, we determined whether FGF-19 modulated hepatic fatty acid synthesis, a key process controlling glucose tolerance and triacylglycerol accumulation in liver, blood, and adipose tissue. Incubating primary hepatocyte cultures with recombinant FGF-19 suppressed the ability of insulin to stimulate fatty acid synthesis. This effect was associated with a reduction in the expression of lipogenic enzymes. FGF-19 also suppressed the insulin-induced expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), a key transcriptional …
Comparative Study Between Two Esl Writing Approaches: Computer Processing Microsoft Word Vs. Hand Writing Of Two Freshmen College Saudi Student Groups., Ayed T. Al-Harbi
Comparative Study Between Two Esl Writing Approaches: Computer Processing Microsoft Word Vs. Hand Writing Of Two Freshmen College Saudi Student Groups., Ayed T. Al-Harbi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This comparative study investigated the effectiveness of two writing approaches, hand writing (using paper and pencil) and computer processing (using Microsoft Word), in improving the writing of English freshmen students at two colleges in Saudi Arabia. Three dependent variables: overall writing quality (OWQ), writing apprehension (WA), and attitudes toward writing with computer (ATWC) were measured based on two independent variables: gender and the medium used. The research was designed to assess whether students actually wrote better using word processing software than they did when writing with paper and pencil. One hundred college students studying English were selected from a population …
Evaluating An Insurance -Sponsored Weight Management Mprogram Using The Re-Aim Model., Christiaan G. Abildso
Evaluating An Insurance -Sponsored Weight Management Mprogram Using The Re-Aim Model., Christiaan G. Abildso
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Determining the public health impact of behavioral obesity treatment programs and industries with whom to ally in disseminating successful programs is critical to our nation's health. In a recent report the National Institute for Health Care Management (NIHCM) Foundation (2005) recognized the leverage that health plans might have by establishing incentives for member participation in obesity treatment programs (i.e., weight management). The RE-AIM model (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance; Glasgow, Vogt, & Boles, 1999) is designed to summarize the public health impact of health promotion programs and assist decision makers in understanding the ability of programs to: (a) reach large …
Diet Formulation And Manufacturing Technique Interactions Affect Pellet Quality And Broiler Growth., Nancy P. Buchanan
Diet Formulation And Manufacturing Technique Interactions Affect Pellet Quality And Broiler Growth., Nancy P. Buchanan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The majority of broilers are fed pelleted diets. Feeding pelleted diets results in an improvement in weight gain and feed conversion compared to feeding mash diets. However, improvements in performance are contingent upon pellet quality. Manipulation of diet formulation and manufacturing technique has been associated with pellet quality changes. However, the interaction between the two factors is rarely explored. The objectives of this series of research were (1) to explore the main effects and interactions that occur when small inclusions of fiber, protein, and moisture are added to a corn-soybean based diets; and (2) to explore the main effects and …
Development Of Criteria And Indicators For Evaluating Forest-Based Ecotourism Destinations: A Delphi Study., Maureen Young Bender
Development Of Criteria And Indicators For Evaluating Forest-Based Ecotourism Destinations: A Delphi Study., Maureen Young Bender
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study is to 1) identify and develop criteria and indicators for forestbased ecotourism in West Virginia based on the input of academic experts in the field as well as nature-based tour operators, 2) compare similarities and differences between the two groups utilizing Spearman’s statistic and 3) create a point evaluation system. The study was conducted through two rounds of the Delphi method. E-mailed and mailed self-complete questionnaires were distributed among the participants. They were asked to rate the importance level of criteria and indicators using a Likert scale. In addition, the participants were asked to rank …
An Analysis Of Wastewater Temperature Variations In Six Remote Monitored Onsite Systems., Joseph M. Kamalesh
An Analysis Of Wastewater Temperature Variations In Six Remote Monitored Onsite Systems., Joseph M. Kamalesh
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As technology innovations occur, the complexity of the processes involved increases, resulting in a greater need for automated monitoring and control systems that have become a key component in process management. In order to effectively and efficiently manage an onsite wastewater treatment system, remote monitoring using telemetry is becoming a more feasible option. Telemetry supplies continuous data which need to be well organized and maintained for later usage. The primary objective of this US EPA funded project was to test and evaluate the applicability of the need for this "centralized paradigm" in the context of managing onsite systems distributed and …
Gender And Racial Cues During The 2008 Democratic Party's Presidential Candidate Nomination Process: Social Responsibility In The 21St Century., Benjamin Rex Lapoe Ii
Gender And Racial Cues During The 2008 Democratic Party's Presidential Candidate Nomination Process: Social Responsibility In The 21St Century., Benjamin Rex Lapoe Ii
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined a segment of the 2008 Presidential election, which presents a significant political pinnacle for the United States of America. For the first time in this young democracy’s history, a white woman (Hillary Rodham Clinton) and an African American man (Barack Obama) are frontrunners for the Presidency. However, during this inspiring moment in our nation’s history, one must realize research exists suggesting that agenda setting, framing, and gender or racial cues in the media can influence voters’ opinions of minority candidates. With that in mind, this study examined how race and gender are framed during the Democratic Presidential …
Investigation Of Selenium And Arsenic In Coal-Mining Associated Rocks And Sediments Using Ultrasonic And Sequential Extractions Techniques, Innocent Pumure
Investigation Of Selenium And Arsenic In Coal-Mining Associated Rocks And Sediments Using Ultrasonic And Sequential Extractions Techniques, Innocent Pumure
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Ultrasound extraction was used to compare the accelerated release rates of arsenic and selenium from pulverized rocks associated with mountain-top removal/valley fill method of coal mining. The kinetic studies demonstrated that the release rates are dependent on rock lithology as well as the total concentrations found in the rocks. Se (IV) was found to be stable under ultrasonic irradiation (200 W/cm2) but As (III) was quickly oxidized to As (V). Rocks such as BT700 were found to have more Se (IV) compared to Se (VI) and others such as BT571 were found to contain more Se (VI) than Se (IV).;Continuous …
Comparing Virulence Of Cryphonectria Parasitica Isolates Recovered From Portions Of Cultures Or Cankers Established Before Versus Those After Hypovirus Innoculations, William E. Jones
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Variable recovery of hypovirulent (HV) and virulent (V) isolates from repeatedly sampled, identical chestnut blight cankers, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, prompted this study to monitor more closely the isolate recovery over time to determine hypovirulent or virulent status. To meet the objective, laboratory and field experiments were conducted between 1998 and 2000 to recover isolates from cultures and cankers challenged with HV inoculum. Cultural studies demonstrated (1) hypovirus transfer readily occurred to actively growing colony margins, and (2) that established, virulent mycelium one-to-six weeks-old at time was unable to acquire hypovirus. Results from field studies demonstrated a significant difference in …
Technology Use In A Middle School In 1997 And 2007, Melinda L. Marple
Technology Use In A Middle School In 1997 And 2007, Melinda L. Marple
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine if any changes in technology integration and adoption of computer technology had taken place at ABC Middle School from the initial pilot study in 1997 and the follow-up study in 2007. This research looked for changes in the teachers' computer anxieties, attitudes and computer use from the previous study. Research showed that teacher anxiety had an impact on the teachers' willingness to integrate the technology into their curriculum. So it is important to understand the anxiety level in order to assess the willingness-to-integrate level.;This study also looked at the computer technology infrastructure; …
A Computer Forensic Response To Hard Drive Encryption, Joseph Daniel Painter
A Computer Forensic Response To Hard Drive Encryption, Joseph Daniel Painter
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Standard procedures used by law enforcement for evidence preservation require removing power from the computer and going further analysis in a digital forensics laboratory. With the advent of easy to use, highly accessible hard drive encryption, access to potential evidence becomes much more volatile problem than in the past. This paper will look at several encryption methods available on the commercial market, discuss their impact on current best practices for hard drive recovery, and propose new procedures to deal with the possibility of encrypted information on a target computer.
Lead-Based Residential Paint In Soils: A Dissolution And A Spatial Analysis Prevention Approach., Sofia Campos Gonzalez
Lead-Based Residential Paint In Soils: A Dissolution And A Spatial Analysis Prevention Approach., Sofia Campos Gonzalez
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
For many years, lead was used to make the white pigment used in residential paints. Although lead paint was finally banned for residential use in 1978, the environmental legacy of contaminated residences and adjacent soils remains. Lead poisoning continues to be a major public health issue. Those at most risk for lead poisoning are children, especially those who 1) live in low quality housing, or those undergoing unsafe restoration or repainting jobs, that were built before 1978, 2) have parents with lead-based hobbies or occupations, and 3) live near lead mining or processing facilities. Other sources of exposure include inner-city …
Impact Of A Physical Activity Intervention For Weight Loss: A Qualitative Analysis Of Participant Perceptions And Expectations, Jessica Anne Creasy
Impact Of A Physical Activity Intervention For Weight Loss: A Qualitative Analysis Of Participant Perceptions And Expectations, Jessica Anne Creasy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of self-esteem and body image and expectations for success among participants enrolled in a physical activity and nutritional intervention for weight loss. Qualitative research methods (individual interviews) were conducted to assess how participants felt about themselves, their bodies, and the intervention. In all, 10 participants were interviewed; five were in the initial week of the weight loss intervention (Phase I) and five had been enrolled in the intervention between 9--13 months (Phase II). Weight in pounds and body fat percentage were obtained for all participants at time of enrollment, and at …
Leadership And Organizational Culture Transformation In Professional Sport, Joe Frontiera
Leadership And Organizational Culture Transformation In Professional Sport, Joe Frontiera
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Schein (1992) defined organizational culture as "a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration" (p. 12), and organizational culture has long been recognized as a moderator to performance in business (Baalthazard, Cooke, & Potter, 2006; Kotter & Heskett, 1992; Smerek & Denison, 2007). The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the phenomena of organizational culture change in professional sport (National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and National Football League). Of the 32 teams that met criteria for inclusion, six agreed to participate. Specifically, leaders (owners …
Production Of Docosahexaenoic Acid By Crypthecodinium Cohnii Using Continuous-Mode Process, Deniz Inan
Production Of Docosahexaenoic Acid By Crypthecodinium Cohnii Using Continuous-Mode Process, Deniz Inan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid found in cold-water fish, has positive health benefits. While the suggested amount of 220 mg/day for adults may be attained by consuming fish, this may increase exposure to environmental pollutants. The heterotrophic marine alga Crypthecodinium cohnii is an important source of DHA because C. cohnii can accumulate lipid greater than 20% of their biomass with a large fraction of DHA (30-50%). Commercially, DHA production by C. cohnii is conducted in large bioreactors (∼100 m3 capacity) using a batch-mode process. The purpose of this study was to investigate lipid and DHA production by C. …
Non-Redundant Roles Of E(Spl) Proteins During Drosophila Neurogenesis, Jee-Eun Kim
Non-Redundant Roles Of E(Spl) Proteins During Drosophila Neurogenesis, Jee-Eun Kim
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Enhancer of split Complex (E(spl)C) in Drosophila melanogaster encodes seven bHLH repressors that serve as the final effectors of the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway during the process of cell fate specification. These E(spl) proteins have been considered to be functionally redundant because of their structural similarity, and the observation that over-expression of individual E(spl) members leads to neural hypoplasia, in general. And additional compounding factor is that loss-of function alleles in individual E(spl) members have been unavailable. However, individual E(spl) members exhibit inordinate conservation through Drosophila evolution and are differentially expressed, findings which challenge the premise of functional …
Understanding The Motivations Of Ghanaian Bureaucrats, Christine Naa Norley Lokko
Understanding The Motivations Of Ghanaian Bureaucrats, Christine Naa Norley Lokko
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examines the factors that affect the work performance of Ghanaian bureaucrats. Three decades ago Robert Price (1975) examined the impact that kinship ties had on the motivation of Ghanaian bureaucrats. He found that Ghanaian bureaucrats behaved in particularistic fashions as opposed to acting in a universalistic manner, suggesting kinship was a major determinant of bureaucratic routine. This study followed the work of Price by replicating his mix of interviews and surveys, with the addition of questions that incorporate recent work on bureaucracy that suggest motivation involves a mix of solidary, functional, and pecuniary preferences (Brehm and Gates, 1997; …
Implications Of Motivational Interviewing And Oral Hygiene Instruction For The Reduction Of Oral Health Disparities Among Pregnant Women, Renata K. Martins
Implications Of Motivational Interviewing And Oral Hygiene Instruction For The Reduction Of Oral Health Disparities Among Pregnant Women, Renata K. Martins
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Pregnancy is a "teachable moment" during which women may be particularly amenable to making health behavior changes that can have significant impact, not only on themselves, but also on their offspring. Dental complications during pregnancy, such as periodontal disease, have been linked to low birth weight and premature birth. Additionally, mothers' oral health status has been related to childhood caries, through the direct transmission of oral pathogens. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a promising intervention in the oral health care arena. MI has been empirically supported as a treatment for substance abuse, as well as other health issues including, diabetes, HIV, …
Identification And Characterization Of The E(Var)3-5 Gene In Drosophila Melanogaster, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane
Identification And Characterization Of The E(Var)3-5 Gene In Drosophila Melanogaster, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The goals of my research project were to clone the E(var)3-5 gene and characterize the lethality of E(var)3-5 mutations. The E(var)3-5 gene was identified by dominant mutations that enhanced PEV of wm4, thus implicating the gene product in promoting a euchromatic chromatin structure (Dorn et al. 1993). These mutations were found to be recessive lethal as well and the lethal phenotype was used to map the E(var)3-5 gene (Dorn et al. 1993; this work). I characterized the lethality of E(var)3-5 mutations and found that lethality in E(var)3-5 hemizygotes is manifested at the pupal stage. I mapped the lethality to a …
Essays On Remote Monitoring As An Emerging Tool For Centralized Management Of Decentralized Wastewater Systems, Clement Solomon
Essays On Remote Monitoring As An Emerging Tool For Centralized Management Of Decentralized Wastewater Systems, Clement Solomon
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
According to the United States Environmental Protections Agency (USEPA), nearly one in four households in the United States depends on an individual septic system (commonly referred as an onsite system or a decentralized wastewater system) to treat and disperse wastewater. More than half of these systems are over 30 years old, and surveys indicate at least 10 to 20% might not be functioning properly. The USEPA concluded in its 1997 report to Congress that adequately managed decentralized wastewater systems (DWS) are a cost-effective and long-term option for meeting public health and water quality goals, particularly in less densely populated areas.;The …
Composition, Conservation, Evolution, And Function Of The Cold Shock Domain Proteins In Plants, Kari Beth Thompson
Composition, Conservation, Evolution, And Function Of The Cold Shock Domain Proteins In Plants, Kari Beth Thompson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cold shock domain proteins, or CSPs, are among the most ancient and conserved nucleic acid binding proteins. They have been well characterized in prokaryotic systems but little is known about their function in plants. The overall objective of this study was to understand the evolution and function of the cold shock domain in plant model systems. To pinpoint conserved areas within CSD an alignment was made of the cold shock domain protein sequences based on nucleotide sequence information found within EST databases. A description of domains found in the plant CSPs was prepared and a descriptive nomenclature system was developed. …
Investigation Of Mud Filtrate Invasion Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Suyoun Won
Investigation Of Mud Filtrate Invasion Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Suyoun Won
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Despite continued research and developments in logging technology, logs processed by the prevalent standard methods continue to be influenced by formation damage and mud filtrate invasions. The mud-filtrate invasion and related formation damage due to drilling fluids can result in the misinterpreted values of rock and fluid properties in the reservoir which can affect the well plan. Well planning with accurate information of target reservoir is a very important part of any drilling procedure, as it would not only optimize drilling operation and completion but also maximizes production of oil and gas.;To produce hydrocarbons effectively, the wellbore must communicate with …
Cellular Mechanisms Of Effects Of Sphingosine 1 -Phosphate On Vascular Endothelial Barrier, Mei Xu
Cellular Mechanisms Of Effects Of Sphingosine 1 -Phosphate On Vascular Endothelial Barrier, Mei Xu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active lipid, induces a myriad of cellular events including enhancement of the endothelial barrier and assembly of adherens junction proteins, VE-cadherin and catenins. The over all goal in this set of studies was to investigate what cellular mechanisms contribute to S1P-induced enhancement of the vascular endothelial barrier.;Since VE-cadherin contributes to the stabilization of the endothelial barrier, I determined in the first study if the rapid, barrier-enhancing activity of S1P requires VE-cadherin. Ca2+-dependent, homophilic VE-cadherin binding of endothelial cells, derived from human umbilical veins and grown as monolayers, was disrupted with EGTA, an antibody to the …
Focal Adhesion Kinase Mediates Caveolin-1 Expression During Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition: A Novel Pathway Regulating Aspects Of Cell Motility In Cancer., Kelly M. Bailey
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Caveolin-1, the protein coat of caveolae membrane invaginations, was originally hypothesized to function solely as a tumor suppressor in human cancers. However, since the early 1990s, caveolin-1 has been found to be up-regulated in a number of metastatic cancers. This expression has been shown to correlate with disease progression and decreases in overall patient survival in some tumor types. Further, caveolin-1 expression is elevated in multi-drug resistant cancer cells and caveolae are thought to participate in the efflux pathway to pump drugs out of these tumor cells. The overall goal of these studies was to examine changes in and regulation …