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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Emotion Socialization And Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role Of Disability Severity And Parental Attributions In Predicting Parents' Emotional Responses, Hilary R. Bougher Jan 2015

Emotion Socialization And Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role Of Disability Severity And Parental Attributions In Predicting Parents' Emotional Responses, Hilary R. Bougher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The importance of parents in emotion socialization is highly established among children who are typically developing (Sheffield Morris, Silk, Steinberg, Myers, & Robinson, 2007). Child characteristics, such as child temperament and emotional reactivity, have been found to influence parenting (Bell & Chapman, 1986; Belsky, 1984). However, little is known about the emotion socialization practices of parents of children with special needs and how disability severity may influence these practices. Participants included 68 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (ages 3-11). Parents reported on three dimensions, using three questionnaires: disability severity via the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd edition …

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The Role Of Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase In Luteal Progesterone Production, Elizabeth Compton Bowdridge Jan 2015

The Role Of Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase In Luteal Progesterone Production, Elizabeth Compton Bowdridge

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2&agr;) has in vivo luteolytic actions on the bovine corpus luteum (CL). Although PGF2&agr; is utilized extensively in livestock to synchronize estrus, its actions in vitro are controversial and do not always result in a reduction in progesterone (P4) secretion. The mechanism of action of PGF2&agr; is thought to involve activation of the phospholipase C-Ca2+ pathway. The luteolytic actions of PGF2&agr; are mediated through an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ involving activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Expression of PKC isozymes and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) change as the CL develops to a mature stage. Either …

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Where Failure Is Not The Option - The Military Friendly College: Exploring Student Service Members' And Student Veterans' Perceptions Of Climate, Transition And Camaraderie, Leilani Teresa Roberts Browning Jan 2015

Where Failure Is Not The Option - The Military Friendly College: Exploring Student Service Members' And Student Veterans' Perceptions Of Climate, Transition And Camaraderie, Leilani Teresa Roberts Browning

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research explored the extent to which the campus climate at a military friendly college or university promoted student service members' and student veterans' success of their time to degree in transition following separation from the Armed Forces and the impact of this specific climate on the cultivation of camaraderie in higher education. A mixed methods design incorporated focus group narratives from seven participants (n =7) and information from a web-based survey completed by one hundred and seventy respondents (n =170). Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data resulted in complementary information and insight of the military friendly school phenomenon at …

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Ethical Diversity In Strategic Communications: The Hiring, Training, And Mentoring Of Millennial Minorities, Rashidah C. R. Mccoy Jan 2015

Ethical Diversity In Strategic Communications: The Hiring, Training, And Mentoring Of Millennial Minorities, Rashidah C. R. Mccoy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges and opportunities diversity has for Strategic Communications practitioners and scholars. Its primary aim is to more fully understand this growing phenomenon in the industry, without undervaluing its complexity and abundance and to move towards a more inclusive and truly committed investor approach. This study used triangulated research methods to explore these factors. An online survey of people who have experience with Millennial minorities and reverse mentoring in the Strategic Communications industry was conducted. A series of in-depth interviews was conducted with individuals who have unique experiences with cultural diversity. The …

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Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure And Microvascular Dysfunction: Potential Mechanistic Links, Valerie C. Minarchick Jan 2015

Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure And Microvascular Dysfunction: Potential Mechanistic Links, Valerie C. Minarchick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NP), an engineered nanomaterial, have great potential from a consumer and therapeutic perspective. Currently, CeO2 NP are added to diesel fuel to decrease the soot emissions commonly associated with diesel engines. CeO2 NP also have therapeutic applications (e.g. improve outcomes following stroke and radiation treatments) due to their anti-oxidant capabilities. These applications increase CeO2 NP exposure risk not only for manufacturers, but also for the general community; however, there are currently limited studies that investigated the effects of CeO2 NP exposure via multiple exposure routes. Furthermore, there are no studies that investigate the microvascular consequences of …

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Development Of An Erosion Control Seed Mixture That Includes Native Species, George A. Hilvers Jan 2015

Development Of An Erosion Control Seed Mixture That Includes Native Species, George A. Hilvers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The West Virginia Divisions of Highways (WVDOH) utilizes the establishment of grass cover as a temporary and permanent management practice to mediate the effects of erosion on highway construction sites. Current West Virginia regulations include five seed mixtures for permanent applications that include combinations of nine species. Six of these species are identified as invasive, and all nine species are considered introduced or both native and introduced. This research developed alternative seed mixtures that included low threat or native species. The alternative seed mixtures were then evaluated in a field test. The research also examined seedbed preparation techniques, the performance …

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Myosin Ii Isoforms In Breast Cancer: Role Of Contractility In Matrix Organization, Cell Migration, And Endothelial Barrier Function, Bridget Ruth Hindman Jan 2015

Myosin Ii Isoforms In Breast Cancer: Role Of Contractility In Matrix Organization, Cell Migration, And Endothelial Barrier Function, Bridget Ruth Hindman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Breast cancer is a devastating and complicated disease. A large proportion of breast cancer related deaths are due to metastasis. Metastasis is when cancer cells leave the primary tumor, travel through the bloodstream, and proliferate in distant sites. Cell contractility is involved in a number of cellular processes associated with metastasis including matrix organization, tumor cell migration, and endothelial cell barrier function. The main regulator of contractility in nonmuscle cells is nonmuscle myosin II. There are three isoforms of this protein: myosin IIA, IIB, and IIC. The specific roles of the individual isoforms in cancer progression and metastasis have yet …

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Mh17 Tragedy: A Comparative Analysis Of Cold War And Post-Cold War Media Framing Of Aviation Disasters, Abu Daud Mohammad Isa Jan 2015

Mh17 Tragedy: A Comparative Analysis Of Cold War And Post-Cold War Media Framing Of Aviation Disasters, Abu Daud Mohammad Isa

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research builds on similar studies that examined newspaper coverage of airline disasters during the Cold War in the 1980s. It explores "new Cold War" frames in The New York Times and The Moscow Times coverage of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17, which was shot down over Ukraine in 2014. The research reveals an absence of hostile Cold War assertions, but found frames were consistent with the respective U.S. and Russian diplomatic positions.

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Evaluating Changes In Knowledge, Beliefs, And Behaviors Associated With Hpv Following An Educational Intervention Among Women, Crystal Sheaves Jan 2015

Evaluating Changes In Knowledge, Beliefs, And Behaviors Associated With Hpv Following An Educational Intervention Among Women, Crystal Sheaves

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Prevalence of HPV is estimated to be 10-15% Americans. HPV is recognized as the causative agent in 99.7% of all cervical cancers. In 2006, a vaccine was released to prevent specific types of HPV that cause cervical cancer. Despite demonstrated vaccine safety and efficacy, vaccine rates are still low at less than 20% among women 18-26 years old. Vaccine uptake may be impacted by women's HPV knowledge and beliefs.;Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in women's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors associated with HPV following an educational intervention study. Specifically, the study was designed to evaluate …

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Relating Urban Forests And Urban Tourism: Exploring People's Perceptions, Preferences And Movement In Washington Dc, Rogelio T. Andrada Ii Jan 2015

Relating Urban Forests And Urban Tourism: Exploring People's Perceptions, Preferences And Movement In Washington Dc, Rogelio T. Andrada Ii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Exploring the connection between urban forests and urban tourism has not been given much attention in recent investigative efforts. This study is designed to describe, explore and explain the specific elements where these two fields converge. There is no better vehicle to do this than by eliciting data from people, who are collectively, the beneficiaries and clientele of these entities. Therefore, a face-to-face survey, spanning one year, collected data on people's perception, preferences, movement, demographics and trip background in a popular and busy city destination: Washington DC.;Data collection yielded 1,146 completed questionnaires out of 3,210 respondents who participated which sets …

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Gender, Policies, And Politics, Andrea S. Barrick Jan 2015

Gender, Policies, And Politics, Andrea S. Barrick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the role of gender in shaping policies and politics. In the first empirical chapter, I explore support for women candidates for elected office and positions of public authority. The chapter investigates how membership in groups defined by race and gender shapes attitudes towards women holding political office. Next, I map how the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) made it to the legislative agenda and seek to answer the question of how gender entered the discussion of violence. Using the literature on issue framing and entrepreneurship, I explore how attention to the issue …

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Contemplations Of Otherness And Beauty, Xia Zhang Jan 2015

Contemplations Of Otherness And Beauty, Xia Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This written thesis is created in conjunction to a thesis exhibition shown in the Paul Mesaros Gallery at West Virginia University (displayed March 16th to April 3rd). The work presented in the gallery consists of installation, photography, performance, sculpture, and video. I create work based on my personal past influenced by my everyday life in search of my individual identity within my external environment. Being a Chinese female living in predominantly White areas, my interactions often are laden with preconceptions of who I ought to be. My daily life is affected by a global past. I intend to discourse my …

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Social Structure And Clearance Rates: The Effect Of Neighborhood Characteristics On Aggravated Assault Case Outcome, Brad Silberzahn Jan 2015

Social Structure And Clearance Rates: The Effect Of Neighborhood Characteristics On Aggravated Assault Case Outcome, Brad Silberzahn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The ability of police to make an arrest for a crime is one of the most visible aspects of the criminal justice system. As a result, it is no surprise that clearance rates are one of the most commonly used measures of police effectiveness. Previous studies of clearance rates focus heavily on the clearance of homicide cases, as many researchers examine the effect of individual level characteristics on case outcomes. Using Donald Black's theory of law, which places an emphasis on social space, i.e., vertical and horizontal distances between victims and offenders, this study examines the effect of neighborhood characteristics …

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Word Play: Modernist Women And Performative Writing, Kathryn Ridinger Smorul Jan 2015

Word Play: Modernist Women And Performative Writing, Kathryn Ridinger Smorul

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In Word Play: Modernist Women and Performative Writing I read modernist literary texts informed by theories about theatre, performance, and art. Exploring lesser-known works of Djuna Barnes, Gwendolyn Bennett, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and Mina Loy, I combine literary analysis and performance studies to discover how modernist texts "talk back" to performance theories.;Performance studies, of course, is an inter-discipline that includes anthropology, sociology, performing arts, and literary theory. Modernist authors, influenced as they often are by art, performance, and ritual, incorporate these interdisciplinary interests into a writing practice, specifically performative writing. Performative writing is not so much a matter of …

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Synchronization Of Coupled And Periodically Forced Chemical Oscillators, Razan Snari Jan 2015

Synchronization Of Coupled And Periodically Forced Chemical Oscillators, Razan Snari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Physiological rhythms are essential in all living organisms. Such rhythms are regulated through the interactions of many cells. Deviation of a biological system from its normal rhythms can lead to physiological maladies. The tremor and symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease are thought to emerge from abnormal synchrony of neuronal activity within the neural network of the brain. Deep brain stimulation is a therapeutic technique that can remove this pathological synchronization by the application of a periodic desynchronizing signal. Herein, we used the photosensitive Belousov--Zhabotinsky (BZ) chemical reaction to test the mechanism of deep brain stimulation. A collection of oscillators are …

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Impact Of The Nanopore Size On Estimation Of Gas-In-Place For Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoirs, Alexandra Power Stockdale Jan 2015

Impact Of The Nanopore Size On Estimation Of Gas-In-Place For Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoirs, Alexandra Power Stockdale

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nanopores, pores less than 10 nanometers as defined for this study, have significant impact on the flow, production, and storage potential. These impacts, in turn, effect gas-in-place calculations and overall reservoir estimations.;This research studies a dry-gas reservoir in the Marcellus Shale. A dry-gas reservoir exhibits the same behavior as a wet gas reservoir under confinement effects of nanopores. Therefore, the published correlation for estimating the impact of nanopore size on the critical hydrocarbon properties are utilized in this study.;By use of the gas compositional analysis, the effects on the gas-in-place calculations of the confined pores were compared to the traditional …

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The Effect Of Tert-Butylhydroquinone, An Nrf2-Are Signaling Pathway Inducer, On Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegeneration, Jiahong Sun Jan 2015

The Effect Of Tert-Butylhydroquinone, An Nrf2-Are Signaling Pathway Inducer, On Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegeneration, Jiahong Sun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Oxidative stress is actively involved in stroke pathogenesis; however, almost all the antioxidants that have been applied into the clinical trials fail to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. We note that most drug candidates have very limited diversity of antioxidative activities. tBHQ is a food additive, which is considered to be safe for human consumption. As both an antioxidant and an Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway inducer, tBHQ can directly eliminate ROS and activates the expression of all the antioxidative genes under Nrf2-ARE regulation. My dissertation investigated the potential clinical application of tBHQ for ischemic stroke treatment by using both in vitro glutamate-induced …

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Soluble Oligomeric Abeta42 Affects Microglia Activation And Mitochondrial Respiration, Cong Tan Jan 2015

Soluble Oligomeric Abeta42 Affects Microglia Activation And Mitochondrial Respiration, Cong Tan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Microglia activation is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). When activated, microglia cells change their morphology and become phagocytic. In the Alzheimer's brain, microglia cells play an important role in scavenging plaque-damaged cells and in clearing Abeta plagues. Soluble oligomeric Abeta (oAbeta) is capable to stimulate microglia activation. In AD brain, microglia cells accumulate around senile plaques as a hallmark of the pathology. Recently, we found that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is affected in a dose-dependent manner in a microglia cell line (C8-B4) and primary rat glia cell. Mitochondrial basal, maximal and spare respiration capacities increase at …

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Micro-Saw Devices Based On Randomly-Oriented Pzt Films: Design, Fabrication And Characterization, Jonathan Taub Jan 2015

Micro-Saw Devices Based On Randomly-Oriented Pzt Films: Design, Fabrication And Characterization, Jonathan Taub

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective of this work was to research and develop a sensor device to monitor gas leakage in cryogenic temperatures and high vacuum. In addition, the sensor device should be small in size, function with low power, and display a short recovery time. The end application for this technology would be to monitor fuel leaks of hydrazine when refueling space satellites. To meet the specified requirements, an acoustic wave device was studied in this work. A micro-surface acoustic wave (muSAW) device was fabricated through a multi-layer thin film technique, where the active sensing material is based on a 300 …

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Perceptions Of Adult Learners' Readiness In Ghana For Online Instructions In Higher Education, Daniel Tetteh-Richter Jan 2015

Perceptions Of Adult Learners' Readiness In Ghana For Online Instructions In Higher Education, Daniel Tetteh-Richter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Online learning has become an integral component of higher education in the 21st century. Harnessing this potential has resulted in an increase in enrollment without the corresponding wear and tear on main campus infrastructure. Many institutions of higher education have incorporated online learning into their programs while recognizing that online learners are more likely to be adult students. As such, adult learners must have basic online skills that make them ready for online learning. Also, online programs should be guided by andragogy -- a unique approach to educating the adult learner. And the adult learner must want to stay in …

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Estonian Displaced Persons In Post-War Germany, Signe Tonismae Jan 2015

Estonian Displaced Persons In Post-War Germany, Signe Tonismae

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The immediate aftermath of the Second World War brought about considerable uncertainty and a great number of displaced persons (DPs) to post-war Germany. During that time around 40 000 Estonians found themselves in occupied Germany. The aim of this thesis is to provide an in-depth understanding of lives of Estonian DPs in post-war Germany by examining the U.S. occupation zone and to determine how people contextualized their experience in the broader post-war environment. For these purposes two research questions were set: (1) How honestly did Estonian DPs look at their own past history? and (2) How did Estonian DPs represent …

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How History Matters: Polish Memory Politics And Policies Toward Russia Since 1989, Richard Tyler Underwood Jan 2015

How History Matters: Polish Memory Politics And Policies Toward Russia Since 1989, Richard Tyler Underwood

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis examines how memory can affect international relations and vice versa. In order to examine how memory can affect international relations the relationship between Poland and the Russian Federation since 1989 is analyzed as well as how their pasts and the period of Soviet dominance affects this relationship. This thesis focuses on two specific modes of memory: the Katy? Forest Massacre and Soviet monuments and memorials in Poland, specifically the Polish-Russian Brothers in Arms monument. Looking at these modes of memory and specific cases through a constructivist perspective will exemplify how memory plays a role in international relations. At …

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Atlanticism In Visegrad: Understanding The Relationship Between Central Europe And The U.S. After 1989, Brian S. Valdivia Jan 2015

Atlanticism In Visegrad: Understanding The Relationship Between Central Europe And The U.S. After 1989, Brian S. Valdivia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis seeks to explore the relationship of the countries of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia (together known as the Visegrad Group or Visegrad 4 [V4]) with the US after the fall of communism, and how this relationship helped them to transform their political and economic systems. This study will primarily focus on the years between 1989-2000, as this was the period during which US-V4 relations were at their peak. After the conclusion of the Clinton presidency, US foreign policy refocused its priorities as the US saw Central Europe as finally part of the Atlantic world and therefore …

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Integrating Popular Music And Informal Music Learning Practices: A Multiple Case Study Of Secondary School Music Teachers Enacting Change In Music Education, Martina Vasil Jan 2015

Integrating Popular Music And Informal Music Learning Practices: A Multiple Case Study Of Secondary School Music Teachers Enacting Change In Music Education, Martina Vasil

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the practices and perspectives of music teachers who integrated popular music and informal music learning practices into their secondary school music programs. A primary goal was to understand music teachers' perspectives on the process of enacting change. The data for this parallel multiple-case study were four semi-structured interviews, two school site visits and observations, documents, and a researcher journal. The content of teachers' interviews was synthesized in the form of four narratives. Teachers' pathways to becoming more reform-minded were marked by shifts in professional identity away from teacher-centered, autocratic mindsets toward student-centered, …

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The Online Lamodel User's & Training Manual Development & Testing, Christopher R. Newman Jan 2015

The Online Lamodel User's & Training Manual Development & Testing, Christopher R. Newman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to better inform and train industry professionals, as well as engineering students and new users, an electronic user's manual and comprehensive online training course for LaModel has been developed in an open online learning environment. The online user's manual provides widespread access to detailed information on the installation, proper use, and troubleshooting procedures through a combination of: written documentation, voiced-over and captioned software simulations and slide presentations, and relevant academic articles. Some of the online LaModel material has also been organized into a set of progressive, self-paced training modules using a number of the slide presentations and software …

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Old War, New Deal: Commemorative Landscapes, The National Park Service, And The 75th Anniversary Of The Civil War, Rebekah N. Oakes Jan 2015

Old War, New Deal: Commemorative Landscapes, The National Park Service, And The 75th Anniversary Of The Civil War, Rebekah N. Oakes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The 75th Anniversary of the American Civil War was both the last major anniversary influenced by living Civil War veterans, and the first commemoration to occur with a number of key Civil War battlefields under the administrative control of the National Park Service. Although largely overlooked by historians, remembrance of the Civil War in the 1930s represented a key transition from commemoration primarily for the veterans of the conflict to a wider commemoration, finding from the Civil War a usable past and a landscape of national memorialization. Through this process, administrative and interpretive shifts changed the very purpose of Civil …

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Sexual Assault On The College Campus: A Partial Test Of Male Peer Support Theory, Falak Ojjeh Jan 2015

Sexual Assault On The College Campus: A Partial Test Of Male Peer Support Theory, Falak Ojjeh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Researchers have identified a number of variables that influence sexual assault on college campuses; peer influence being one of them. According to the sexual assault literature, more than a quarter of victims of sexual assault report their offender was a fraternity member. Additionally, the literature shows that in many sexual assault cases, both the victim and the offender were intoxicated. In applying Walter DeKeseredy's theory of Male Peer Support -- all-male groups that legitimate women abuse -- to on-campus fraternity organizations, this study examines the link is between the drinking and rape cultures promoted by fraternities, specifically, the use of …

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Communicating To Resolve The "Mommy Wars": Testing Communicated Stereotypes And The Common Ingroup Identity Model With Stay-At-Home And Working Mothers, Kelly G. Odenweller Jan 2015

Communicating To Resolve The "Mommy Wars": Testing Communicated Stereotypes And The Common Ingroup Identity Model With Stay-At-Home And Working Mothers, Kelly G. Odenweller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Toward empirically validating motherhood as an intergroup context and uncovering communicative solutions to resolving the cultural "mommy wars," the goal of this dissertation was to test foundational intergroup communication theories with stay-at-home mothers (SAHMs) and working mothers (WMs) across two independent experiments. In Study One, participant SAHMs and WMs (N = 529) reported on their outgroup attitudes, affective responses (i.e., contempt, admiration, envy, and pity), behavioral responses (i.e., active/passive facilitation, active/passive harm), intergroup anxiety, and willingness to communicate after viewing a description of a target SAHM or WM designed in accordance with the most prevalent stereotypes of SAHMs and WMs …

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The Effect Of Organic Acids On The Formation And Behavior Of Synthesized Iron Hydroxides: Implications For Acid Mine Drainage Treatment, Marianne A. Mannix Jan 2015

The Effect Of Organic Acids On The Formation And Behavior Of Synthesized Iron Hydroxides: Implications For Acid Mine Drainage Treatment, Marianne A. Mannix

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an environmental concern that is well known and studied in West Virginia and other mining regions. This pollution threat can be prevented and mitigated with current mining permitting regulations; however some mine waters require treatment, which generally consists of the neutralization of affected waters, resulting in the precipitation of characteristic 'floc' material. AMD floc consists of hydroxides of heavy metals; predominantly iron. This study simulated AMD treatment practices to evaluate the effects of common environmental controls; namely the presence of organic matter (OM) on the formation and settling behavior of Fe hydroxides with the ultimate …

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Legalized Racial Profiling And Arizona Sb1070: A Framing Effects Study, Agnieszka N. Marciniak Jan 2015

Legalized Racial Profiling And Arizona Sb1070: A Framing Effects Study, Agnieszka N. Marciniak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Immigration has become one of the most important topics on the agenda of federal and state governments. President Obama just passed his pro-immigration executive order allowing five million undocumented immigrants to gain legal work visas. Conversely, there are laws such as Arizona Law SB1070, passed by Governor Jan Brewer in 2010, opposing Obama's pro-immigration stance. In the case of Arizona Law SB1070, it is important to have a basic understanding of the stereotypical perceptions people have of immigrants if laws like these are going to be enforced. In this study, we experimentally manipulated a real-life scenario of an immigrant being …

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