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Evaluating The Impact Of Oceanic/Atmospheric Teleconnections On Historical Wildfires In West Virginia (1939--2006), Cary Lynch
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Oceanic/atmospheric oscillations affect climate in many ways. This study quantitatively examined climate teleconnection patterns and in turn analyzed the influence of climate on wildfire activity within West Virginia from 1939--2006. Identifying the linkages between oscillations and climate variability has the potential to greatly improve seasonal forecasting capabilities. Despite the complexity inherent in local fire regimes, regional fire activity often oscillates in phase with year-to-year climatic variability. This climate-fire connection raises the possibility that historical factors inherent in the local ecosystem are overridden by regional climatic events and trends. A robust statistical analysis that utilized correlation, regression, principle components, and Superposed …
Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Lever-Press Acquisition, Delay Discounting, And Ethanol Self -Administration In Rats, Natalie R. Bruner
Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Lever-Press Acquisition, Delay Discounting, And Ethanol Self -Administration In Rats, Natalie R. Bruner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
It is well established in animal research that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central mediating role in the detrimental effects of prenatal stress in mother and offspring. The prenatally stressed (PS) rat exhibits a number of behaviors indicative of increased HPA activity relative to control (CON) rats. Because of these behaviors, PS rats may learn novel responses more quickly than CON rats. However, there are mixed findings in the literature as to whether prenatal stress facilitates or impedes learning. Experiment 1 was designed to examine effects of prenatal stress on lever-press acquisition using 10-s delays to food pellet delivery …
Essays On The Public Economics Of Health, Rachel L. Mathers
Essays On The Public Economics Of Health, Rachel L. Mathers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation explores three important health issues, utilizing the tools provided by economics to provide new insight into areas of research typically the parlance of those in medical fields of study. The integration of economic theory into existing literature on health issues provides a more detail-rich explanation of health policy and corresponding health outcomes. This dissertation applies economic theory to the health topics of skin cancer, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), and AIDS. There are five chapters included in this dissertation, beginning with an introduction in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 addresses the skin cancer paradox, specifically analyzing the relationship between National …
The Use Of The Palladium-Catalyzed Glycosylation For The Synthesis Of C- And O-Linked Glycosylated Natural Products, Xiaomei Yu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The carbohydrate portions of natural products play a crucial role in their pharmacological properties. These properties can vary from improved water solubility, improved membrane transport properties, improved tissue targeting, as well as improved target binding. Herein we describe our efforts to use de novo synthesis to help elucidate the various roles carbohydrates play in biologically active glycosylated natural products.;The O'Doherty group has developed a method that uses asymmetric synthesis for the de novo synthesis of carbohydrates. In contrast to traditional carbohydrate methods, this de novo approach builds the desired functionality and stereochemistry within each sugar. This methodology relies on a …
The Use Of Microbial Community Fingerprinting As A Marker For Tracking The Source Of Water: Application To Pathogen And Groundwater Source Tracking, Mary Clement
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Microbial community structure in groundwater is extremely complex and constitutes a fingerprint of water. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based fingerprinting method that is commonly used for comparative microbial community analysis, and to track specific bacterial markers in complex environments.;The Objective of this research was to propose an innovative approach for tracking the origin of groundwater, microbial source tracking and origin of surface water, based on the specific structure of the microbial community using T-RFLP analysis, which can be used for microbial source tracking.;The first specific aim was to validate the use of …
Do Parental Monitoring Strategies, Parental Knowledge, And Adolescent Risk -Taking Differ Based On Family Income And Parental Marital Status? The Role Of Resiliency, Shawn M. Golden-Llewellyn
Do Parental Monitoring Strategies, Parental Knowledge, And Adolescent Risk -Taking Differ Based On Family Income And Parental Marital Status? The Role Of Resiliency, Shawn M. Golden-Llewellyn
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Adolescents living in low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors, such as alcohol and other drug use, sexual behavior, and vandalism. Resiliency theory suggests that protective factors could reduce adolescent risk-taking in low SES families. Parental monitoring, parent behaviors involved in tracking their adolescents' whereabouts and activities, tends to be less evident in low SES families. However, it has also been identified as a protective factor in fostering resiliency in adolescents living in high-risk situations. The current study examined group differences in parental knowledge, parental monitoring strategies, and adolescent risk-taking based on two socioeconomic factors, …
Observing Responses Of Chain-Schedule Stimuli And Effects Of D-Amphetamine And Morphine, Jonathan M. Slezak
Observing Responses Of Chain-Schedule Stimuli And Effects Of D-Amphetamine And Morphine, Jonathan M. Slezak
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
There is an inherent confound when utilizing response-dependent chain schedules to examine conditioned reinforcement effects because the same response is required for the production of both conditioned and primary reinforcers. The present study utilized an observing response to examine the conditioned-reinforcing value of stimuli in a three-link chain variable-time schedule, which allows for the removal of the response-reinforcer contingency of typical chain schedules. In Experiment 1, observing was maintained by the production of stimuli correlated with links of a chain VT schedule, indicating conditioned reinforcing properties of all or some of the chain stimuli. To test if performance under chain …
Pe Followed Me Home From School Today: Effects Of The Activity Challenge On Youth Summer Physical Activity, Kacey Digiacinto
Pe Followed Me Home From School Today: Effects Of The Activity Challenge On Youth Summer Physical Activity, Kacey Digiacinto
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The prevalence of overweight and obese youth in the nation is growing at an alarming pace (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008; West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, 2007). Currently, 3.8% of elementary schools, 7.9% of middle schools, and 2.1% of high schools provide daily physical education (Jones, Axelrad, & Wattigney, 2007). That means that a majority of America's youth are not provided with the opportunity to accumulate the recommended daily amounts of physical activity. With formal physical education in mind schools should be focusing on increasing youth out-of-school physical activity. Teacher assigned, out-of-school, physical activity, self-management …
Comparing The Use Of Qpcr On Isolated Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu) And Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Hepatocytes For Estrogen Screening, Emily Breana Chambers
Comparing The Use Of Qpcr On Isolated Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu) And Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Hepatocytes For Estrogen Screening, Emily Breana Chambers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Exposure of fish to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) is believed to be a contributing factor of intersex (the presence of immature oocytes in the testes) and fish kills in the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers. EEDCs are often seen in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. A simple and common way to look at the estrogenicity of water samples is to deploy Passive Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) and extract the hydrophilic compounds from the filters with methanol. Samplers were deployed upstream and downstream of two wastewater treatment plants, one on the Conococheague River and one on the Monocacy River, …
Religious And Environmental Values In Pcusa And Ucc Church Camp Programs, Ross S. Bash
Religious And Environmental Values In Pcusa And Ucc Church Camp Programs, Ross S. Bash
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The association between denominational affiliation, as the independent variable, and (1) religious values, (2) environmental values, and (3) the integration of religious values and environmental values, as the dependent variables, in church camp programs of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (PCUSA) and the United Church of Christ (UCC) was examined through survey research of PCUSA and UCC church camps across the United States. The results indicated that there is a significant statistical relationship between PCUSA and UCC church camp programs by reference to denominational affiliation for all three dependent variables.
Constraints To Participation In An Outdoor Orientation Program, Madeleine Hoden
Constraints To Participation In An Outdoor Orientation Program, Madeleine Hoden
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Outdoor orientation programs have shown success in helping students transition to college life. Research has shown that outcomes for students participating in a first year seminar include achieving higher grade point averages, higher persistence, measured by completion of a degree, and taking less time to complete a degree program. This study used Crawford, Godbey, and Jackson's hierarchical model of structural, interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints to leisure. An online survey was used to measure constraints to participation in Adventure WV. Students tended to perceive structural constraints as the most common constraints. Results indicated that female students tended to perceive intrapersonal constraints …
Utilization Of The Seven Principles For Good Practice In Undergraduate Education In General Chemistry By Community College Instructors, Jennifer Panther Bishoff
Utilization Of The Seven Principles For Good Practice In Undergraduate Education In General Chemistry By Community College Instructors, Jennifer Panther Bishoff
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In recent years, higher education has undergone many changes. The advent of assessment, accountability, and a newfound focus on teaching have required faculty to examine how they are teaching. Administrators and faculty are beginning to recognize that learning is not a "one size fits all" enterprise. To this end, Chickering and Gamson developed an inventory that examined faculty utilization of the Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education. The seven principles included by the authors included faculty-student interaction, cooperative learning, active learning, giving prompt feedback, emphasizing time on task, communicating high expectations, and respecting diverse talents and ways of …
Long Term Ampk Activation Limits Obesity Induced Muscle Atrophy, Joshua C. Drake
Long Term Ampk Activation Limits Obesity Induced Muscle Atrophy, Joshua C. Drake
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The aim of this study was to identify obesity-induced alterations in regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscle mass and how they would be altered with long term (8 weeks) AMPK-agonist treatment. 8 week old male, lean (L) wild type [body weight (BW) = 26.9 g] and ob/ob (O) [BW = 46.2 g] mice were fed an AMP kinase (AMPK) activator, beta-GPA (F), mixed at a 1% concentration within their food or normal chow as control (C) for 8 weeks. Following an overnight (12 hr) fast, all mice were sacrificed and the gastrocnemius complex was excised for analysis. Muscle mass was lower …
Vibrant Amusement, Bretton J. Kern
Vibrant Amusement, Bretton J. Kern
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis is a description and analysis of the ceramic work of Bretton J. Kern. This thesis includes a description and images of the work as well as a discussion of the technical and conceptual content of the work.
Comprehensive Analysis Of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate And Gamma-Hydroxyvalerate, Jennifer Wiseman Mercer
Comprehensive Analysis Of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate And Gamma-Hydroxyvalerate, Jennifer Wiseman Mercer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-hydroxyvalerate (GHV) are suspected agents of drug facilitated sexual assault. Research is needed to improve detection methods for both drugs for a range of instrumentation commonly available to forensic chemists. GHB evidence may be introduced to the laboratory in the form of a powder, solution, beverage, or biological sample; thus a key theme of this research is overcoming matrix effects for comprehensive analyses. As GHV is not commercially available, it was synthesized for analysis via base hydrolysis of gamma-valerolactone (GVL). The results of the synthesis were confirmed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1NMR) …
Predicting Restoration Of Competence To Stand Trial: Demographic, Clinical, And Legal Variables, Tracy A. Thomas
Predicting Restoration Of Competence To Stand Trial: Demographic, Clinical, And Legal Variables, Tracy A. Thomas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction. Each year, a considerable number of defendants are referred for competency to stand trial evaluation. Of those judged incompetent to stand trial, a majority are regarded as having a significant likelihood of being restored to competency. While a majority of individuals are restored to competency after restoration treatment, others are deemed incompetent to stand trial and non-restorable. For individuals deemed non-restorable, a protracted stay in a forensic-psychiatric hospital or less-restrictive placement is the norm. This often lengthy period of inpatient commitment expends a great amount of staff and monetary resources. Rationale. In order that scarce monetary and staff resources …
Adult Children Of Alcoholics' Perceptions Of Communicative Exchanges With Family Members And Outsiders, Kerry Byrnes
Adult Children Of Alcoholics' Perceptions Of Communicative Exchanges With Family Members And Outsiders, Kerry Byrnes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Millions of children grow up in alcoholic homes. For these children, their lives are changed forever. As a result of being socialized in a home in which at least one parent is an alcoholic, the children suffer with a number of negative consequences. Children of alcoholics (COAs) have cognitive difficulty and often do not excel in scholastic endeavors. It is also difficult for COAs to form lasting relationships with others outside the family. Because they are often socialized in a home in which secrecy is advocated, creating relationships and fully disclosing about experiences proves to be challenging. As a result, …
The Effects Of Non-Thermal Electron Beam Irradiation On Quality Indicators Of Peanut Butter, Amanda El-Rawas
The Effects Of Non-Thermal Electron Beam Irradiation On Quality Indicators Of Peanut Butter, Amanda El-Rawas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation is an effective non-thermal processing step for the reduction of Salmonella in peanut butter. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of e-beam irradiation on the quality of peanut butter. Peanut butter samples were exposed to e-beam doses of 0 (control), 3.2, 7.0, or 27.7 kGy, confirmed by film dosimetry. Doses correlated with a 5- and 12-log reduction of Salmonella respectively; with 27.7 kGy representing an extreme dose. Samples were examined over a 15-day period at 22°C. Color analysis (L, a*, b*), spreadability, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test (TBARS) for lipid oxidation …
Three Essays On Gay And Lesbian Rights Legislation, David R. Christafore
Three Essays On Gay And Lesbian Rights Legislation, David R. Christafore
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation consists of three essays that provide empirical evidence that informs the ongoing debate over the passage of gay and lesbian rights legislation. In Chapter 2 the difference-in-difference-in-difference methodology is used to examine the effect that the passage of a private employment anti-discrimination law has on the relative earnings and employment of gays and lesbians. The results of this analysis indicate that the passage of this law does not have an impact on either relative earnings or employment for lesbians, but it does have an impact on these labor market outcomes for gays. In particular, the passage of this …
Comprehensive Tobacco Control Policy Regimes And Population Health: Assessing Causal Loops, Stephanie J. Frisbee
Comprehensive Tobacco Control Policy Regimes And Population Health: Assessing Causal Loops, Stephanie J. Frisbee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Tobacco products remain among the most controversial consumer products of all time: cigarettes are the only legal product that, when used as intended, are lethal. The global and individual burden attributable to the primary use of tobacco, or secondary or tertiary exposure to cigarette smoke, whether measured by morbidity, mortality, or economic costs, is substantial. With the combined efforts of scientific research, public health and policy advocates, the image and use of tobacco products has undergone profound change. However, while much has been achieved regarding the attitudinal, behavioral, and policy changes needed to diminish the individual, social, and economic costs …
Brook Trout Response To Canopy And Large Woody Debris Manipulations In Appalachian Streams, Jonathan Ma. Niles
Brook Trout Response To Canopy And Large Woody Debris Manipulations In Appalachian Streams, Jonathan Ma. Niles
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The forested riparian area along many central Appalachian streams contains large volumes of harvestable timber. Best management practices (BMP) and streamside management zones (SMZ) have been developed to minimize the impacts of riparian timber harvest. Large woody debris (LWD) is an important component of forested streams and its role in chemical, biological, and physical processes in streams is complex. The extraction of timber within the streamside management zone reduces the amount of material available for aquatic structure.;Three-250 m study reaches were established on eight Appalachian headwater streams. Four of the streams were assigned the treatment of having a 50% basal …
Effects Of Essential Oils On Rumen Fermentation, Eating Behavior And Milk Production In Lactating Dairy Cattle, Lisa Rachel Tager
Effects Of Essential Oils On Rumen Fermentation, Eating Behavior And Milk Production In Lactating Dairy Cattle, Lisa Rachel Tager
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objectives of the current studies were to: (1) investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EUG), and capsicum oil (CAP) on rumen fermentation and pH characteristics in continuous culture using a corn-based dairy ration; (2) to assess the in vivo effects of CAP at the recommended dosage, a blend of CIN and EUG at the recommended dosage, and a blend of CIN and EUG at a high dosage closer to levels used in vitro, on rumen fermentation, rumen pH, milk production, and feeding behavior; and (3) to assess the effects of CAP in a larger scale study on eating …
Validity And Reliability Of Accelerometers For Examining Vertical Jump Performance, Ryan M. Ruben
Validity And Reliability Of Accelerometers For Examining Vertical Jump Performance, Ryan M. Ruben
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Purpose. The objectives of this study were to determine the validity and reliability of an accelerometer as a device for estimating force-time curve characteristics and examine the effect of reducing sampling frequency.;Methods. Sixty college aged men and women (age=23.63.1 y; height=180.16.3 cm; weight=85.015.2kg; body fat=14.26.5%) performed 10 restricted (no arm swing) zero-load countermovement vertical jumps each for a total of 600 jumps. Peak force, rate of force development, peak power output, peak velocity, flight time and peak vertical displacement were assessed with the use of a tri-axial accelerometer and compared to a force platform + linear position transducer system. The …
Late-Preterm And Full-Term Infant Sleep: Relations With Maternal Cognitions And Nocturnal Behaviors, Marion E. Young
Late-Preterm And Full-Term Infant Sleep: Relations With Maternal Cognitions And Nocturnal Behaviors, Marion E. Young
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Approximately 13% of infants born in the United States each year are delivered prematurely, defined as prior to 37 weeks gestation. Among these premature infants, 84% are born between 32 and 36 weeks gestation (Kelly, 2006). Past research has found that the sleep/wake patterns of late-preterm and full-term infants are different (Gossel-Symank, Grimmer, Korte, & Siegmund, 2004; Ingersoll & Thoman, 1999; Ju et al., 1991). However, little is known about psychosocial factors (i.e., maternal sleep-related cognitions and nocturnal behaviors) that may contribute to differences between late-preterm and full-term infant sleep. Few studies have investigated the relations among infant sleep behavior, …
Looking Back: Primary Decision Makers' Narratives About The Decision To Withdraw Life-Sustaining Treatment From A Family Member., Jean M. Seifarth
Looking Back: Primary Decision Makers' Narratives About The Decision To Withdraw Life-Sustaining Treatment From A Family Member., Jean M. Seifarth
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background. Advances in biomedical and critical care technology make it possible to prolong life in patients with severe illness or injury; however, these innovations render choices regarding Life-Sustaining Treatments (LST) more complex for the decision maker. This study addressed a gap in the literature regarding how primary decision makers reflected on the time they were responsible for making a critical decision to withdraw LST for their family member who experienced an unexpected illness or trauma. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the primary decision makers’ narratives about the decision to withdraw Life Sustaining Treatment (LST) of a …
Exploring Factors Contributing To Current Versus Former Coaching Status Of Women Coaches: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective., Justine Vosloo
Exploring Factors Contributing To Current Versus Former Coaching Status Of Women Coaches: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective., Justine Vosloo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The percentage of women coaches at the helm of women’s sports teams has dropped from 90% in 1972, to 42.6% in 2010 (Carpenter & Acosta, 2010). Previous research has found that women coaches experience discrimination (Greenhaus et al., 1990) social stigma, and homophobia (Griffin, 1998). Difficulties with work-life balance have been identified as a barrier to coaching. Mentoring has been positive for the development of career satisfaction, commitment and positive job attitudes (Ragins et al., 2000), however, the role of mentoring in retaining women coaches needs exploration. This study used social exchange theory to determine if perceived costs/benefits of coaching, …
Investigation Of Egr And Fuel Property Effects On Advanced Combustion Strategies Using In-Cylinder Combustion Analyses, Jason D. Ice
Investigation Of Egr And Fuel Property Effects On Advanced Combustion Strategies Using In-Cylinder Combustion Analyses, Jason D. Ice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Advanced combustion has progressively become a topic of interest as government regulations have stringently reduced the allowable limits of engine-out emissions from internal combustion engines. Advanced combustion can typically be classified as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). In HCCI combustion, a well mixed fuel and air solution is spontaneously combusted, thus providing a homogeneous burn throughout the combustion process. By having an evenly distributed, homogeneous burn, fuel economy is not only significantly increased, but both oxides of nitrogen (NO x) and particulate matter (PM) can drastically be reduced from that of conventional combustion. HCCI …
Effectiveness Of Strategies For Solving Everyday Problems During Early And Later Adulthood: A Reexamination Of The Everyday Problem Solving Inventory, Joseph P. Mcfall
Effectiveness Of Strategies For Solving Everyday Problems During Early And Later Adulthood: A Reexamination Of The Everyday Problem Solving Inventory, Joseph P. Mcfall
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Within the everyday problem-solving literature, a small number of studies have examined effectiveness as a problem-solving outcome measure. Effectiveness is a method of determining the quality of strategies used to solve ill-defined problems. Knowing the effectiveness of a problem-solving strategy can help determine whether an age differences in the use of that strategy also indicates better everyday outcomes for one age group. Of the few studies that have examined age differences in effective problem solving, none have systematically assessed the dimensions that make some strategies effective and others ineffective for various problem situations. In addition, a variety of methodological considerations …
Analyzing The Role Of Ck2 And Pp2a In Drosophila Position Effect Variegation, Swati Banerjee
Analyzing The Role Of Ck2 And Pp2a In Drosophila Position Effect Variegation, Swati Banerjee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The results of the investigation into the role of CK2 and PP2A in Drosophila position effect variegation (PEV) and chromatin modification are presented here. PEV is seen when a gene normally found in euchromatin is placed in close proximity to heterochromatin. The propensity of heterochromatin to spread down the chromosome often results in inactivation of the displaced gene by compaction into heterochromatin. The study presented here utilized two different PEV reporter genes for investigating the role of two posttranslational modifying enzymes, the kinase CK2 and the phosphatase PP2A in chromatin formation. The reporter genes used in this study encode for …
Engendering Meaning Within The High School Experience: A Consideration Of Movement And Dance, Stephanie A. Morris
Engendering Meaning Within The High School Experience: A Consideration Of Movement And Dance, Stephanie A. Morris
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Dance, movement, and kinesthetic learning are among the most powerful ways in coming to know, yet they are amid the most ignored processes at the high school level. Dance has the power to change lives as it offers aesthetic ways of viewing and connecting with the world through its creative, reflective, and imaginative embodied experiences. I have observed these valuable outcomes and address the nature and power of them with the following questions: (1) How has dance and movement influenced my journey? (2) How has this influence affected the high school experience of my students? The heuristic method of qualitative …