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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Rehabilitation Of Structures Below The Earths Surface Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer Shell Augers And Fabrication Of Plastic Compounder, Kumar Venkatesh Karri
Rehabilitation Of Structures Below The Earths Surface Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer Shell Augers And Fabrication Of Plastic Compounder, Kumar Venkatesh Karri
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Many ageing highway bridges are in distress, requiring urgent repairs or rehabilitation. About 10% of the total highway bridges require rehabilitation in United States of America (Houlihan, April 2015). Reconstruction of these bridges requires large sums of money and time consuming conventional rehab schemes. Herein, a novel rehab scheme with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites has been evaluated in the laboratory as FRPs exhibit high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness and excellent corrosion resistance. Current methods to repair pile systems are limited by access issues as the piles are extended typically underwater and below the mudline. Traditional methods require …
Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors: An Examination Of The Co-Occurrence Of Risk Behaviors In A National Sample Of U.S. High School Adolescents, Halima Ahmadi-Montecalvo
Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors: An Examination Of The Co-Occurrence Of Risk Behaviors In A National Sample Of U.S. High School Adolescents, Halima Ahmadi-Montecalvo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction: Research on the health status of United States' youths has shown that the main adolescent health threats result from behavioral choices (health risk behaviors) that place boys and girls at risk for leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to examine the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors and determine patterns of the co-occurrence of risk behaviors that may differ based on sex (aim 1); the association of health risk behaviors with weight status (aim 2); and the association of tobacco use, poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior among adolescents using nationally representative …
Nutritional Consequences Of Various Ingredients In Broilers, Turkeys, And Swine, Kolby L. Foltz
Nutritional Consequences Of Various Ingredients In Broilers, Turkeys, And Swine, Kolby L. Foltz
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Experiments were conducted to evaluate various ingredients' effects on broiler, turkey, and porcine performance, as well as feed mill efficacy. In chapter 2, the effects of zinc (Zn) supplement source and corn particle size on broiler performance, breast yield, and tibia ash were assessed from d 1-40. Zinc treatments included a basal diet (no added Zn), 80 mg/kg Zn sulfate, and three diets with 40 mg/kg Zn sulfate + 40 mg/kg of varying Zn amino acid chelates, and corn particle size was either 550 mum or 1,050 mum. Broilers fed diets containing 550 ?m corn had higher feed intake (FI) …
A Parametric Study On The Effects Of Ignition Timing, Spark Plug Type, And Exhaust Gas Recirculation On A Legacy 2-Stroke Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine, Nathaniel P. Fowler
A Parametric Study On The Effects Of Ignition Timing, Spark Plug Type, And Exhaust Gas Recirculation On A Legacy 2-Stroke Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine, Nathaniel P. Fowler
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the natural gas industry, approximately 27 million horsepower is used for transmission and storage, necessary to transport natural gas to its respective destinations. Engine technologies in operation dating back to the 1940's are still in use today. Within this array of prime-movers, exist compressors powered by large bore 2-stroke, lean-burn, natural gas engines. Reduction of exhaust emissions without negative impacts on engine performance is the main focus for operators. Research regarding engine fuel delivery, ignition techniques, and post-combustion techniques show potential improvements in engine performance and exhaust emissions. However, research pertaining to spark plug design and exhaust gas recirculation …
A Cbct Evaluation Of Root Position Within Bone, Long Axis Inclination, And The Wala Ridge, Timothy R. Glass
A Cbct Evaluation Of Root Position Within Bone, Long Axis Inclination, And The Wala Ridge, Timothy R. Glass
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background and Objectives: Correct tooth position in all planes of space while respecting the boundaries of the underlying bone has been proposed as a necessary hallmark to providing a foundation of stability for the teeth as well as the supporting periodontium. The aim of this study was to determine 1) If teeth centeredness over basal bone improves when teeth are more upright or approach WALA Ridge norms 2) If teeth centeredness in alveolar bone improves when teeth are more upright or approach WALA Ridge norms 3) If the WALA ridge is located at or near the estimated center of resistance …
Assessment Of Molecular Action Of Direct Gating And Allosteric Modulatory Effects Of Meprobamate (Miltownrtm) On Gaba A Receptors, Manish Kumar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Meprobamate (tradenames Miltown, Equanil) is a schedule IV anxiolytic and the primary metabolite of the muscle relaxant carisoprodol. Meprobamate modulates GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors, and has been described as having barbiturate-like activity. A thorough understanding of its mechanism remains ill-defined, however. To gain insight into its actions, we have conducted a series of studies using recombinant GABAA receptors. In alphaxbetazgamma2 GABAA receptors (where x = 1-6 and z = 1-3), the ability to enhance GABA-mediated current was evident for all alpha subunit isoforms, with the largest effect observed in alpha5-expressing receptors. Direct gating was comparable with all alpha …
Critical Analysis Of Longwall Ventilation Systems And Removal Of Methane, Robert B. Krog
Critical Analysis Of Longwall Ventilation Systems And Removal Of Methane, Robert B. Krog
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Bleeder systems are an important component for ventilation and the control of methane. The bleeder system of a coal mine contains a mixing zone for methane-laden air from the mined-out portions of the seam to mix with fresh air and the methane concentrations in the bleeders can often be elevated. Bleeders also provides a pathway for coalbed methane-laden ventilation air to quickly flow out of the mine through low resistance airways of a mine, such as supported gateroads, along the un-compacted outer perimeter of the gob, etc. Substantial quantities of coalbed methane are typically removed from underground workings. Although it …
The Life And Legacy Of Mieczyslaw Munz, Sora Lee
The Life And Legacy Of Mieczyslaw Munz, Sora Lee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Mieczyslaw Munz (1900-1976) was one of the outstanding pianists of the twentieth century as both an acclaimed international concert artist and teacher. With a musical career that spanned over sixty years from his debut at the age of twelve, Munz was a significant link in carrying on the great traditions of the Golden Age of the Virtuoso and nineteenth-century piano playing. This research paper includes a biography of Munz; interviews with his students Faye Bonner, Paula Forrest, Jeffrey Marcus, David Oei, Ann Schein, Robert Swan and Stefan Young; a timeline of important events in the life of Munz; selections of …
Attrition In Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Brittany K. Liebsack
Attrition In Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Brittany K. Liebsack
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Attrition is a significant problem in child psychotherapy (De Haan, Boon, De Jong, Hoeve, & Vermeiren, 2013) and has serious implications. These include limited effectiveness of interventions for mental and behavioral health problems and decreases in staff productivity, access to services, and the number of people an agency can serve (Barrett et al., 2008). Predictors of attrition include those at the client, family, therapist, and treatment levels. The current study investigated the pattern of and variables associated with attrition in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based parent training program for families with young children (ages 2.5- to 7-years-old) with disruptive …
The Perception Of Young Drivers And Their Understanding Of Graduated Drivers Licensing, Andrew Poszich
The Perception Of Young Drivers And Their Understanding Of Graduated Drivers Licensing, Andrew Poszich
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
New, young drivers are over three times more susceptible to crashes in their first 1,000 miles of on road driving. In order to reduce the number incident rate for teenage drivers, Graduated Drivers Licensing (GDL) programs have been implemented across the country. West Virginia, along with all other states, aims to further improve the effectiveness of this program. Currently, GDL effectiveness is steeply limited by the willingness of teenager drivers and their parents to comply with the laws in place. Across the country, programs are being implemented that help raise awareness of GDL and supplement some of the information already …
Design And Evaluation Of Functional Gear For Protection, Fit And Mobility, Ruchireeka Rath
Design And Evaluation Of Functional Gear For Protection, Fit And Mobility, Ruchireeka Rath
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Functional wearables are a growing field at the intersection of fashion and technology. This research centers on the conceptual development of a fastening system in a functional wearable - fishing footwear - by assimilating utilitarian design values in a product design model. A project-based research methodology utilizing an iterative design process was used to create a multifunctional and technologically enabled closure system in fishing footwear. As part of the planning phase, an extensive review was conducted. This exploration substantiated the need for research centered around fastening systems for fishing footwear. A thorough investigative study was conducted as part of research …
Imaging White Blood Cells Using A Snapshot Hyper-Spectral Imaging System, Christopher John Robison
Imaging White Blood Cells Using A Snapshot Hyper-Spectral Imaging System, Christopher John Robison
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Automated white blood cell (WBC) counting systems process an extracted whole blood sample and provide a cell count. A step that would not be ideal for onsite screening of individuals in triage or at a security gate. Snapshot Hyper-Spectral imaging systems are capable of capturing several spectral bands simultaneously, offering co-registered images of a target. With appropriate optics, these systems are potentially able to image blood cells in vivo as they flow through a vessel, eliminating the need for a blood draw and sample staining. Our group has evaluated the capability of a commercial Snapshot Hyper-Spectral imaging system, specifically the …
Investigation Of High Reactivity Fuel Property Effects On Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion, Ross H. Ryskamp
Investigation Of High Reactivity Fuel Property Effects On Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion, Ross H. Ryskamp
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a form of dual-fuel combustion that exploits the reactivity difference between two fuels to control combustion phasing. This combustion approach limits the formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and soot while retaining high thermal efficiencies associated with compression-ignition (CI) engines. Theoretical and applied research has been conducted by researchers at several other institutions detailing RCCI combustion characteristics, exhaust emissions, fuel efficiency, and operability. However, the discussion of fuel property effects on RCCI combustion has been limited. Previous research on fuel properties that influence RCCI combustion have predominantly focused on the low reactivity fuel. The …
Investigation Of Relationships Among Consumer Perceptions And Brand Preference In Photoshopped And Non-Photoshopped Fashion Advertisements, Kristina A. Smith
Investigation Of Relationships Among Consumer Perceptions And Brand Preference In Photoshopped And Non-Photoshopped Fashion Advertisements, Kristina A. Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The use of digital alteration software on fashion models in advertising photographs has been used to promote an ideal standard of beauty for women. In an attempt to differentiate the thin ideal, fashion brand Aerie has vowed to not use digital alteration software to alter the physical characteristics of the models in their advertisements, while other companies such as Victoria's Secret continues to utilize digital alteration techniques on their advertisements. This research examined consumer brand preference using Photoshopped Victoria's Secret and non-Photoshopped Aerie fashion advertisements found from an online source. The purpose of this study was to examine college aged …
Controller Synthesis Of Multi-Axial Robotic System Used For Wearable Devices, Qian Mou
Controller Synthesis Of Multi-Axial Robotic System Used For Wearable Devices, Qian Mou
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Wearable devices are commonly used in different fields to help improving performance of movements for different groups of users. The long-term goal of this study is to develop a low-cost assistive robotic device that allows patients to perform rehabilitation activities independently and reproduces natural movement to help stroke patients and elderly adults in their daily activities while moving their arms. In the past few decades, various types of wearable robotic devices have been developed to assist different physical movements. Among different types of actuators, the twisted-string actuation system is one of those that has advantages of light-weight, low cost, and …
Development Of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Wood-Derived Carbon Thin Films: Influence Of Processing Parameters On Mechanical, Thermal, And Electrical Properties, Nan Nan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The first goal of this research was to explore the potential value of hardwood-derived carbon materials as fillers for reinforcing polymer materials, and investigate the effect of filler content on various properties of reinforced composites. Three loading levels of biochar particles, 2wt%, 6wt%, and 10wt% (by weight) were added to a 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution (by weight) and composites were formed via the film-casting method. The morphological, tensile, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of PVA/biochar composite films were tested and analyzed. Tensile tests indicated that the addition of biochar reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break of the …
The Regulation Of Alternative Pre-Mrna Splicing In Photoreceptor Cells., Daniel P. Murphy
The Regulation Of Alternative Pre-Mrna Splicing In Photoreceptor Cells., Daniel P. Murphy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing provides an important mechanism for generating the diverse array of proteins required to generate complex tissue and cell types from a limited genome. Therefore, the proper regulation of alternative splicing is vital to shape cellular identity and function. As consequence, defects in alternative splicing are associated with disease phenotypes that can range from systemic syndromes to the dysfunction of single cell types. For example, heterozygous mutations in ubiquitously expressed components of the spliceosome lead to photoreceptor specific cell death. This suggests that the topography of alternative splicing in photoreceptors cells may be unique, a notion which is …
Numerical Modeling And Simulations For Techno-Economic Assessment Of Non-Conventional Energy Systems, Manish Nandanwar
Numerical Modeling And Simulations For Techno-Economic Assessment Of Non-Conventional Energy Systems, Manish Nandanwar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The techno-economic analyses of two non-conventional energy systems -- enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) and natural gas hydrate systems were performed using a numerical simulation approach. These energy systems, which are still in the development stage and not yet commercialized, are characterized by common components, which are surface plant facilities and subsurface fluid flow and heat transfer. This study aims at a better understanding and advanced evaluation of energy potential as well as the economic viability of these systems by the development of new robust numerical models in order to obtain a more realistic representation of the physical systems.;The first part …
Evaluating A Staff-Child Interaction Therapy Workshop For Home-Based Mental Health Providers: Effects On Therapist Skill Change, Cree Robinson
Evaluating A Staff-Child Interaction Therapy Workshop For Home-Based Mental Health Providers: Effects On Therapist Skill Change, Cree Robinson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The current study attempted to evaluated the effectiveness of a one-day training workshop used to train bachelor's level mental health staff in Staff-Child Interaction Therapy (SCIT), a newly developed intervention designed to reduce problem behaviors in children 2- to -9 years of age through the use of behavioral management techniques by home-basedtrained staff. A total of 39 therapists, known as Therapeutic Support Staff (TSS), were involved in this study, 20 who received training in SCIT (i.e., experimental group) and 19 who received received training in Compassion Fatigue (i.e., attention -control group). This study was a part of a larger outcome …
Exercise As A Treatment For Conduit Artery Dysfunction In A Comorbid State Of Metabolic Syndrome And Depressive-Like Symptoms, Chris Skinner
Exercise As A Treatment For Conduit Artery Dysfunction In A Comorbid State Of Metabolic Syndrome And Depressive-Like Symptoms, Chris Skinner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors that results in a three-fold increase in cardiovascular disease. MetS is known to be associated with adverse arterial remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased inflammation, and conduit artery dysfunction. Depression/chronic stress is emerging as a potent contributor to MetS, with MetS also aiding in the progression of depression, and thus increased vascular dysfunction. These bi-directional comorbidities are continually increasing in prevalence, justifying a need for research on their interplay and potential treatments. Aerobic exercise is a widely accepted therapy for the risk factors associated with MetS, mental …
Distribution And Habitat Use Of The Western Sand Darter (Ammocrypta Clara) And The Eastern Sand Darter (Ammocrypta Pellucida) In The Elk River, West Virginia, Patricia A. Thompson
Distribution And Habitat Use Of The Western Sand Darter (Ammocrypta Clara) And The Eastern Sand Darter (Ammocrypta Pellucida) In The Elk River, West Virginia, Patricia A. Thompson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis examines the distribution and habitat use of two sympatric sand darter species, the western sand darter (Ammocrypta clara) and the eastern sand darter (A. pellucida). This thesis includes three chapters: (1) an introduction and literature review on the western and eastern sand darters, habitat use, and species distribution models; (2) a substrate selection laboratory experiment; and, (3) an evaluation of sympatric sand darter habitat use at multiple scales in the Elk River. Sand darters are slender, sand-dwelling fishes that were once broadly distributed, but have since undergone range-wide population declines, presumably owing to habitat loss. Habitat use studies …
Three Essays On Energy Economics, Seth Wiggins
Three Essays On Energy Economics, Seth Wiggins
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation focuses on the economics of electricity generation. I aim to answer three main questions: After controlling for outside market forces, how did acid rain regulation impact Eastern coal production? How have the fundamental relationships in the natural gas market changed since deregulation, especially given the rise of production from shale resources? And how have sub-state policies affected the adoption of residential solar generation installations? For each question, I use economic tools to provide empirical answers which will contribute both to the academic literature as well as energy policy.;My first essay looks at the coal production in the Eastern …
Calibrating Lamodel For Subsidence, Jian Yang
Calibrating Lamodel For Subsidence, Jian Yang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
LaModel uses a laminated overburden boundary-element model and can not only calculate seam-level stresses and displacements but also surface subsidence for thin tabular deposit such as coal seams. Up to this point, the material property wizards in LaModel were primarily designed for calculating accurate stress redistribution in single and multiple-seam situations and for investigating and optimizing pillar sizes and layouts in relation to overburden, abutment and multiple-seam stresses. However, the critical input parameters which will give the most accurate seam-level stress distribution do not necessarily produce the best surface subsidence prediction. The objective of this research is to develop a …
Examining The Relationship Between The Literacy Coach's Support To Teachers In The Ways Of Learning To Teach Reading, Mohlanhledi Makumbila
Examining The Relationship Between The Literacy Coach's Support To Teachers In The Ways Of Learning To Teach Reading, Mohlanhledi Makumbila
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to examine how an elementary literacy coach supported teachers learning to teach reading in ways that meet the needs of their students. Second, I determined how the coaching influenced the ways in which a classroom teacher plans for and carries out reading instruction. Finally, I understood how the educational context influences the nature of the coaching and how classroom teachers learned to teach reading. The literature review suggests that "when schools function in a way in which staff members have opportunities to interact and talk collegially about issues related to their own, as well …
Development Of Emission Factors (Efs) Model For Coal Train Loading Operations, Bisleshana Brahma Prakash
Development Of Emission Factors (Efs) Model For Coal Train Loading Operations, Bisleshana Brahma Prakash
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objectives of this research were to conduct an analysis of dust emission and to develop a dust emission factors (EFs) model for coal train loading operations. To achieve these objectives, field measurements and data collection were carried out at a facility operating along with a coal mine in West Virginia, U.S. The dust emission for the train loading point was determined by two methods: (i) the EPA AP-42 emission factor estimation equations (AP-42 Dust Emission Estimation), and (ii) the methodology used in the development of AP-42 equations (Type-2 Dust Emission Estimation). The analysis of dust emission revealed that dust …
Evaluating The Effect Of Feed Mixing And Sampling Methodologies On Nutrient Analysis And The Inclusion Of A Novel Protease In Broiler Diets, Danielle A. Reese
Evaluating The Effect Of Feed Mixing And Sampling Methodologies On Nutrient Analysis And The Inclusion Of A Novel Protease In Broiler Diets, Danielle A. Reese
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Proper poultry feeding requires a homogenous mixture of macro and micro ingredients to ensure feed nutrients are being supplied to meet bird requirements. Samples of complete feed may be taken during manufacture and analyzed for nutrient content in order to estimate if nutrients are present in feed in accordance to diet formulation. However, variables associated with mixing and feed sampling may influence the results of nutrient analysis, thus over or under estimating the formula comparison. The objective of this study was to vary mix time, sample location, sample number, and sample blending technique on nutrient analysis. Ingredients were mixed in …
A Learning History Study Of Sustainable Management In Producing An Inaugural Solar Decathlon Entry, Dana Shearer
A Learning History Study Of Sustainable Management In Producing An Inaugural Solar Decathlon Entry, Dana Shearer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A Learning History approach was used to study the processes and outcomes of West Virginia University's inaugural (2013) Solar Decathlon team as it planned and executed its entry to the competition. In this competition, the product must be a house that meets several standards for sustainable management of material and energy resources. This study conceives of the human resources required to produce an entry as a complementary valuable resource that also can be managed more or less sustainably. Applying principles of sustainable management to evaluate the team's process and the transmission of knowledge to future teams, analysis of the experiences …
The Effect Of Physicochemical Properties On The Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Induced Genotoxicity And Carcinogenesis, Katelyn J. Siegrist
The Effect Of Physicochemical Properties On The Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Induced Genotoxicity And Carcinogenesis, Katelyn J. Siegrist
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are one of the most exciting industrial materials of our time. They are used in life-saving medical therapeutics and many commercial products that could make day-to-day life seem effortless. However, previous toxicological research has demonstrated this material to be significantly genotoxic in both in vitro and in vivo models and potentially carcinogenic in the lung. The unique physiochemical properties of MWCNT make respiratory exposures likely in workers. Combining the genotoxic effects with the potential for lung deposition in the workplace, MWCNT should be considered as a potential health hazard. Altering the physiochemical properties of MWCNT has …
The Trajectory Of Coping With Trauma: Meaning Making As A Factor In Determining The Trauma Outcome For Combat Veterans, Rachel A. Spero
The Trajectory Of Coping With Trauma: Meaning Making As A Factor In Determining The Trauma Outcome For Combat Veterans, Rachel A. Spero
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Specific ways in which an individual makes meaning following a stressful life event have been conceptualized as contributing to the emergence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about how meaning making impacts the trauma trajectory and how that transition affects the outcomes of PTSD, Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), or resiliency. In this study, 166 combat veterans nationwide completed self-report surveys that were analyzed using a multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to create a model of how PTSD, PTG, and resiliency are impacted based upon meaning making. The results suggest that following a stressful life event, individuals who …
Does Mindfulness Reduce Attentional Negativity Bias And Depressive Symptoms?, Cameron Ford
Does Mindfulness Reduce Attentional Negativity Bias And Depressive Symptoms?, Cameron Ford
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Mindfulness has been associated with several psychological benefits such as reduced symptoms of depression (Brown, Ryan, & Creswell, 2007). However, the mechanism(s) by which mindfulness reduces depressive symptoms is unclear. The present research investigated one potential mechanism: attentional negativity bias. In two studies utilizing eye-tracking methodology, gaze patterns served as indicators of visual attention in order to examine the relations among attention, depressive symptoms, and mindfulness. In Study 1, there was some limited evidence that trait mindfulness was related to less attentional negativity bias. Specifically, trait mindfulness was related to more fixation duration and more fixations on positive images. However, …