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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Unifying The Visible And Passive Infrared Bands: Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Multi-Spectral Face Recognition, Nnamdi C. Osia Jan 2017

Unifying The Visible And Passive Infrared Bands: Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Multi-Spectral Face Recognition, Nnamdi C. Osia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Face biometrics leverages tools and technology in order to automate the identification of individuals. In most cases, biometric face recognition (FR) can be used for forensic purposes, but there remains the issue related to the integration of technology into the legal system of the court. The biggest challenge with the acceptance of the face as a modality used in court is the reliability of such systems under varying pose, illumination and expression, which has been an active and widely explored area of research over the last few decades (e.g. same-spectrum or homogeneous matching). The heterogeneous FR problem, which deals with …

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Beyond Oraldigital: Ghanaian Electronic Literature As A Paradigm For African Digital Textuality, Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang Jan 2017

Beyond Oraldigital: Ghanaian Electronic Literature As A Paradigm For African Digital Textuality, Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation speaks to a massive dearth of research in African electronic literature (African e-lit), a discipline that boasts a growing number of works but little scholarship. With African literature incorporating digital technology into its creative process, and with electronic literary criticism focusing on areas outside its predominantly western cannon, African e-lit positions itself as an important area of scholarly endeavor. After considering the implications of placing African e-lit as the direction in which both African literature and electronic literature take, this dissertation looks at three different genres of African e-lit in the context of oral literature. There are analyses …

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A Low-Power Optoelectronic Characterizer For Cubesat: Locc And Iii-V Nitride Based Leds, Matthew J. Pachol Jan 2017

A Low-Power Optoelectronic Characterizer For Cubesat: Locc And Iii-V Nitride Based Leds, Matthew J. Pachol

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

III-V semiconductor materials exhibit robustness and natural hardness when exposed to ionizing radiation and temperature swings. With these characteristics in mind, III-V Nitride Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are ideal devices for space-based applications and missions. The effects of ionizing radiation on optoelectronic devices comprised of III-V materials have been studied, but results have been obtained through experiments performed in terrestrial laboratories. While these laboratory tests may lend insight into device lifetimes, performance degradation, etc., they are no substitute for similar measurements and characterization performed in space.;Interest in small satellite applications have grown over the past decade. These solutions range from …

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The Influence Of Police Profanity On Public Perception Of Excessive Force, Christina Patton Jan 2017

The Influence Of Police Profanity On Public Perception Of Excessive Force, Christina Patton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous research has examined elements of police performance impacting community policing and police-citizen relationships, but no study has considered the impact of police use of profanity during arrest on public rating of force. Police profanity may negatively bias police-citizen interactions, and this bias could shape later interactions with community members, decrease the quality of police-community relations, or even result in public outcry over excessive use of force (White, Cox, & Baseheart, 1994). Further, profanity increases recipient physiological arousal in some settings (LaPointe, 2006) and aggressive behavior, which may exacerbate risk to the officer during an arrest and lead to more …

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The Effects Of A Six Week Lumbopelvic Control And Balance Training Program In High School Basketball Players, Margaret Long Jan 2017

The Effects Of A Six Week Lumbopelvic Control And Balance Training Program In High School Basketball Players, Margaret Long

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context: Lumbopelvic control (LPC) and balance training programs are popular in the sport of basketball, but there is little research to indicate whether significant improvements in lumbopelvic control and balance are evident after completion of a training program. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if conducting a six week lumbopelvic control and balance training program will lead to improvement in lumbopelvic control and balance in high school male basketball players. Design: This study will be a repeated measures design. Setting: High School in Western Pennsylvania. Patients and Other participants: This study includes 15 varsity and junior varsity …

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Face Image Modality Recognition And Photo-Sketch Matching, Bingjie Liu Jan 2017

Face Image Modality Recognition And Photo-Sketch Matching, Bingjie Liu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Face is an important physical characteristic of human body, and is widely used in many crucial applications, such as video surveillance, criminal investigation, and security access system. Based on realistic demand, such as useful face images in dark environment and criminal profile, different modalities of face images appeared, e.g. three-dimensional (3D), near infrared (NIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) face images. Thus, researches with various face image modalities become a hot area. Most of them are set on knowing the modality of face images in advance, which contains a few limitations. In this thesis, we present approaches for face image modality …

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The Influence Of Foot Posture And Load On Lumbar Biomechanics During Trunk Bending, Atefeh Malekinezhad Jan 2017

The Influence Of Foot Posture And Load On Lumbar Biomechanics During Trunk Bending, Atefeh Malekinezhad

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Low back pain imposed huge expenditures to the industry with many days away from work. Despite industrialization, statistics show the number of work injuries, work transfer, work restriction and absenteeism in recent years is still high. Various factors are involved in low back injuries, which make it complicated to deal with. In many industries (such as construction, transportation, and healthcare) low back pain is highly prevalent.;In the current study, we recruited 14 participants to investigate the effect of staggered foot posture on lifting biomechanics and to understand if maintaining a staggered foot posture could reduce spinal tissue loading and its …

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Complex Mixture Analysis Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (Ims-Ms) And Computational Techniques, Hossein Maleki Jan 2017

Complex Mixture Analysis Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (Ims-Ms) And Computational Techniques, Hossein Maleki

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Compound characterization in complex mixtures has applications in diverse areas such as the pharmaceutical, health, and petroleum industries. Measurement problems arising from complex mixtures include the overwhelming of the analytical peak capacity, the wide concentration range of the different analytes, and the inter-sample concentration variability of given molecular species. Therefore advances in the rapid identification of compounds such as improvements in peak capacity and analyte selectivity are an active area of scientific research. This dissertation presents research that is directed at improving these measurement areas. For petroleum samples, silver cationization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry---tandem mass spectrometry (IMSMS/ MS) is …

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The Effectiveness Of Video Education On Pre-Operative Parental Knowledge And Anxiety, Terri Marcischak Jan 2017

The Effectiveness Of Video Education On Pre-Operative Parental Knowledge And Anxiety, Terri Marcischak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pre-operative anxiety is a common and anticipated response to patients expecting to undergo anesthesia in preparation for surgery. Pre-operative parental anxiety can lead to increased anxiety in children, which is associated with physiologic alterations in the child. Pre-operative video education is an inexpensive method to increase knowledge and decrease pre-operative parental anxiety related to the perioperative process. The first goal of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-operative video in increasing knowledge of the perioperative experience in parents of children anticipating surgery by viewing a pre-operative video. Parental knowledge was measured before and after viewing the pre-operative …

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Proteomic And Metabolomic Analyses Of Biological Systems With Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry And Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry, Megan M. Maurer Jan 2017

Proteomic And Metabolomic Analyses Of Biological Systems With Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry And Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry, Megan M. Maurer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide information about altered metabolic processes in plants and animals. This information can be used to assess the impact of toxicant exposure or diseases on biological systems. In this dissertation, development of an ion mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) strategy has been evaluated in addition to utilizing traditional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques for metabolite and protein analysis. Traditional LC-MS/MS techniques have been applied to the study of: 1) the molecular mechanisms responsible for altered microvasculature function as a result of pulmonary TiO2 exposure in rats; and 2) the effectiveness of intracerebroventricular (ICV) …

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Peer-To-Peer Support Responses To Lgbt Suicidal Ideations In An Online Community, Kayla Mccormick Jan 2017

Peer-To-Peer Support Responses To Lgbt Suicidal Ideations In An Online Community, Kayla Mccormick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

LGBTQ individuals, especially youth, are one of the top groups at risk for suicide. They experience social stigma and discrimination which diminishes their access to common support resources, causing many to turn to online communities for support for common issues. This paper utilizes qualitative content analysis guided by the stress-buffering model of the social support theory to investigate the helpfulness of informal social support responses in buffering stress in the suicidal individuals on LGBTchat.net. This model is based on the buffering hypothesis which asserts that persons with high stress and low support will show disproportionately elevated symptomatology, and that higher …

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Substrate Nanotopography And Stiffness Modulation Of Cell Behaviors For Disease Detection And Modeling, Lin Shi Jan 2017

Substrate Nanotopography And Stiffness Modulation Of Cell Behaviors For Disease Detection And Modeling, Lin Shi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In most living tissue, cells resident in a complex microenvironment where these cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the neighboring cells. The interactions between cells and ECM could regulate the cell behavior. Similar to in vivo, in vitro models have been reported that cells have the ability to sense the nanotopography and stiffness of synthetic substrate and, the variation of substrate nanotopography configuration and stiffness could affect cell phenotype and function.;The first project focused on applying nanotopography to capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for early cancer detection. CTCs shed from primary tumors, transport through the bloodstream to distant …

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Diffusion Or Dissent: Examining International Family Planning Frames And Domestic Policy Divergence, Gillian C. Beach Jan 2017

Diffusion Or Dissent: Examining International Family Planning Frames And Domestic Policy Divergence, Gillian C. Beach

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation explores how issue framing within an international advocacy movement influences and is influenced by the framing of the same issue within politically differentiated regimes, and examines this question through an analysis of the international family planning movement. Existing work on both policy diffusion and international advocacy presents strong evidence that the international community has a powerful effect on the framing and development of domestic policy. However, there is room for refinement of the literature in addressing how international actors affect policy trajectories within dissenting regimes---that is, regimes that espouse explicitly anti-Western ideologies, but which are nevertheless active in …

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Exploring Staff Turnover In A Large-Scale Ebt Implementation Initiative, Laurel A. Brabson Jan 2017

Exploring Staff Turnover In A Large-Scale Ebt Implementation Initiative, Laurel A. Brabson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Staff turnover in the behavioral health field is a substantial and chronic problem with implications for both agencies and clients (Ben-Dror, 1994). Increased focus on the implementation of evidence-based treatments (EBT) has further highlighted the problems associated with turnover, as EBT trainings are particularly costly and time-consuming for clinicians and their agencies (Cook, Biyanova, & Coyne, 2009). The current study examined rates and predictors of turnover within an EBT implementation initiative designed to assess the effectiveness of three different training models. Data was collected from 110 families, 100 clinicians, 50 supervisors, and 50 administrators involved in the state-wide implementation of …

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Players' Responses To And Primary Caregivers' Perceptions Of Authoritarian And Authoritative Coaching In The Inner-City, Renee Brown Jan 2017

Players' Responses To And Primary Caregivers' Perceptions Of Authoritarian And Authoritative Coaching In The Inner-City, Renee Brown

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An abundance of research in sport-based positive youth development (PYD) indicates that coaches should be positive, promote autonomy-supportive and authoritative coaching styles, and caution the use of authoritarian leadership, while too often ignoring elements of authoritarian leadership such as discipline and structure. However, most of the studies conducted targeted middle-upper socioeconomic status (SES) suburban, White populations, with little emphasis on the inner-city underserved context. Parenting and teaching literature provides strong support for authoritarian styles in the underserved setting (Hartman & Manfa, 2015; Smetana, 2011). Similarly, the few studies conducted in the underserved sport settings show support of authoritarian styles (Brown …

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Temperature-Dependent Selenium Sorption To Mine Drainage Solids: Implication For Diel Cycling, Rebecca K. Mcgrail Jan 2017

Temperature-Dependent Selenium Sorption To Mine Drainage Solids: Implication For Diel Cycling, Rebecca K. Mcgrail

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Aqueous diel cycles have been observed for a variety of elements and have recently been observed for selenium (Se). Elevated concentrations of Se have been linked to adverse biological impacts on a variety of species from fish to humans. The objective of this work was to determine the role of temperature on selenite (Se(IV)) sorption, a possible mechanism for Se diel cycles. Four solids were selected as sorbents: gray and brown overburden material from the southern West Virginia coal fields and active and passive mine drainage treatment solids. Sorption isotherms were conducted at 20 °C for all solids and at …

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Role Of Perivascular Adipose Tissue In Vascular Pathology And The Therapeutic Effect Of Exercise, Evan Ray Devallance Jan 2017

Role Of Perivascular Adipose Tissue In Vascular Pathology And The Therapeutic Effect Of Exercise, Evan Ray Devallance

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Aortic compliance is important for dampening pulsatile flow and delivery of continuous flow to the periphery. Aortic compliance is regulated by extracellular matrix composition and endothelial derived nitric oxide. Disruption of aortic endothelium or extracellular matrix can lead to the development of aortic stiffness an independent risk factor of cardiac events and mortality. Over the past decade perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding the vasculature has come to light as an important regulator of artery function. The main focus of this dissertation is to evaluate the role PVAT surrounding the aorta in mediating endothelial relaxation in health and disease. Specifically, metabolic …

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Financial Decision Making, Price, And Consumer Financial Well-Being: A Multiple Methodology Inquiry Of The Cognitions, Emotional Coping Responses, And Brand Measures In The Healthcare Service Industry, Joshua D. Dorsey Jan 2017

Financial Decision Making, Price, And Consumer Financial Well-Being: A Multiple Methodology Inquiry Of The Cognitions, Emotional Coping Responses, And Brand Measures In The Healthcare Service Industry, Joshua D. Dorsey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Article 1: Financial bankruptcy, particularly those as a result of healthcare expenses, has become a pervasive issue in the United States. This article examines a basic premise for the research, that healthcare is not viewed, by consumers, consistently with other exchanges, leading to detachment and disengagement within the purchase experience (e.g., a lack of price searching and price comparison behaviors) and disadvantageous consequences for financial well-being. Subsequently, the studies test cognitive (i.e., knowledge structures) and emotional constructs (i.e., emotion regulation), with a between-subjects experimental methodology (three studies), that may further unfurl the decision process for healthcare consumers. Contributions to the …

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Development And Validation Of An Oral Health Values Scale, Cierra B. Edwards Jan 2017

Development And Validation Of An Oral Health Values Scale, Cierra B. Edwards

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Oral health values, the degree to which one demonstrates investment in improving or maintaining one's dental status, are believed to vary across individuals. Oral health values may contribute to dental treatment utilization. By assessing differences in oral health values, researchers may be better able to explain differences in dental care treatment-seeking patterns. There is limited research, however, on measuring and evaluating oral health values. This study developed and validated a new Oral Health Values Scale (OHVS) that may be used in future research efforts to understand psychosocial barriers to treatment. The study provided evidence of content validity by having experts …

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A Discussion Of Art Therapy Approaches Used In Classroom Activities To Help Students With Emotional And Behavioral Issues, Ashley Nichol Elliott Jan 2017

A Discussion Of Art Therapy Approaches Used In Classroom Activities To Help Students With Emotional And Behavioral Issues, Ashley Nichol Elliott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this paper was to inform the reader of the benefits of using art therapy activities in art lessons as a way to help students' process emotional and behavioral issues. New and future art educators are not equipped to handle the wide range of issues that students face everyday. This is especially true for the students in the West Virginia public school system. As in larger, more urban locations, many students here deal with drugs, violence, bullying, abuse, and others contemporary social stressors. In this paper, I utilized my own personal experiences, literary research, experimentation, and observations of …

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Characterizing Risk Factors Of Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use, Paul T. Enlow Jan 2017

Characterizing Risk Factors Of Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use, Paul T. Enlow

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, electronic vapor products) rose dramatically in the United States over the past decade and a half, most notably among high school students. This increase in use, coupled with concerns about renormalization of smoking and potential health risks, has raised concern that e-cigs represent a growing public health risk. Unfortunately, there is limited research on risk factors for e-cig use among teens, and many studies have methodological flaws that are unaddressed. The primary aim of the current study is to apply an empirically tested theory of health-risk behaviors in adolescents, Problem Behavior Theory (PBT), to lifetime- …

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Child-Care Directors' Years Of Experience In Relation To The Activities Subscale Score On The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-R, Angelica Everetts Jan 2017

Child-Care Directors' Years Of Experience In Relation To The Activities Subscale Score On The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-R, Angelica Everetts

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study focused on examining the relationship between the child-care directors' years of experience in relation to the Activities subscale on the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-R. The data used in the study was from the Quality Rating and Improvement for West Virginia Child-Care grant, which was funded by the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. The participants included 175 4-year-old classrooms across West Virginia. The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale contains 43 items across seven subscales. This scale was used to measure the activities score of the 4-year-old classrooms. There was no significant relationship found between the …

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An Examination Of The Consultation Component Of A Training Protocol For Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Carrie B. Jackson Jan 2017

An Examination Of The Consultation Component Of A Training Protocol For Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Carrie B. Jackson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is a growing need to train clinicians in evidence-based treatments (EBTs) to increase the accessibility of research-informed treatments in community settings (Herschell, Kolko, Baumann, & Davis, 2010). Multi-component trainings, which commonly include ongoing support, are more effective than one-day workshops, reading treatment manuals, and other brief training methods. The present study examines the effectiveness of one form of ongoing support, consultation, as part of a multi-component training protocol. Thirty-two community-based clinicians were trained in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) as part of a statewide implementation effort, and data were collected on several training (e.g., knowledge) and implementation (e.g., acceptability) outcomes …

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A Study Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials At High Temperature Using An Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope, Mahfuzur Rahman Jony Jan 2017

A Study Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials At High Temperature Using An Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope, Mahfuzur Rahman Jony

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising energy conversion devices, but their economic viability depends on long term stability of the SOFC materials at the high operating temperatures. The in-situ study of materials degradation faces a great challenge because of the unavailability of analytical methods at those high temperatures. The traditional analytical techniques for degradation measurements are widely based on post-mortem studies. The cells or cell materials are cooled down to room temperature and are then subjected to microscopy-based methods. Combining post-mortem analyses with cell modelling, several studies have reported the following microstructural degradations: (a) Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM) particles, …

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A Delphi On Drowning Prevention Education Research, Adam Bradley Katchmarchi Jan 2017

A Delphi On Drowning Prevention Education Research, Adam Bradley Katchmarchi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: The World Health Organization's Global Drowning Report (2014) listed action steps to reduce drowning globally, with the last action step highlighting the need to address priority research with well-designed studies. While drowning injury and fatality rates remain largely unchanged in recent years in the United States, existing research has not developed a supportive foundation to identify priority research questions.;Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a 3-round Delphi procedure to determine and prioritize future research questions associated with drowning prevention education in the United States.;Design & Methodology: This research employed a 3-round Delphi procedure to (1) survey …

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#Physical Activity: Influencing Parent Behavior Change Through Social Media, Adam Keath Jan 2017

#Physical Activity: Influencing Parent Behavior Change Through Social Media, Adam Keath

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Parents play a major role in supporting physical activity in and around the home, creating a home environment that encourages physical activity as well as participation in activity with their children and supporting children's physically active lifestyles are important areas of concern for health promotion. Despite support for family-based interventions, there is still little evidence to demonstrate the most effective ways of targeting families with physical activity interventions. Social media has been one area of promise for connecting with parent participants in physical activity interventions. Sites like Facebook have an existing high prevalence of parent users and offer media-rich …

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Knowledge Of Applied Behavior Analysis Principles As An Outcome Of Instructional Coaching, Cristin Ketley Jan 2017

Knowledge Of Applied Behavior Analysis Principles As An Outcome Of Instructional Coaching, Cristin Ketley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Training teachers to use evidence-based practices using instructional coaching is a major component of the Competent Learner Model (CLM). CLM strives to create sustainable educational programs for students with challenging behavioral and educational needs and uses coaching to teach the implementation and basic principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). This study used a knowledge test and additional survey items to find out what level of knowledge participants (N=154) had about principles of ABA following instructional coaching. It was discovered that the frequency of coaching and methods used by the coach was not significantly related to the level of knowledge participants …

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Data Conversion Within Energy Constrained Environments, Brandon M. Kelly Jan 2017

Data Conversion Within Energy Constrained Environments, Brandon M. Kelly

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Within scientific research, engineering, and consumer electronics, there is a multitude of new discrete sensor-interfaced devices. Maintaining high accuracy in signal quantization while staying within the strict power-budget of these devices is a very challenging problem. Traditional paths to solving this problem include researching more energy-efficient digital topologies as well as digital scaling.;This work offers an alternative path to lower-energy expenditure in the quantization stage --- content-dependent sampling of a signal. Instead of sampling at a constant rate, this work explores techniques which allow sampling based upon features of the signal itself through the use of application-dependent analog processing. This …

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Ripple Effect Mapping Of Youth & Adult Dyad Pairs Demonstrating Community Impact From Icook 4-H Intervention, Sina J.E. King Jan 2017

Ripple Effect Mapping Of Youth & Adult Dyad Pairs Demonstrating Community Impact From Icook 4-H Intervention, Sina J.E. King

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Creating effective dissemination and implementation tools within community based, obesity prevention research is needed to bridge the current science to practice gap. Ripple Effect Mapping (REM) using Community Capitals Framework (CCF) is a community impact evaluation tool that is hypothesized to positively capture activity during dissemination within community programs. Although REM is a proposed impact evaluation method, it has not been widely adopted within the research sector. In order to facilitate the translation of research into evidenced based practice, a stepwise process must be described and tested to determine efficacy and effectiveness, followed by a method to translate findings …

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The Lived Experience Of Establishing A Home After A Period Of Homelessness, Monica Iaquinta Jan 2017

The Lived Experience Of Establishing A Home After A Period Of Homelessness, Monica Iaquinta

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the structure of meaning of the lived experience of establishing a home after a period of homelessness. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted using a unique line of inquiry based upon story theory and hermeneutic phenomenology. Questions were posed beginning with the present daily life in a home, followed by the previous experience of homelessness, and ending with establishing a home in the future. Stories were reconstructed, using the participant's own words, and confirmed during a second interview. The data analysis strategies were rooted in the theoretical framework including identifying essential statements, …

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