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Fear Of Pain And Dental Care-Related Fear: Associations With The Mc1r Gene, Cameron L. Randall
Fear Of Pain And Dental Care-Related Fear: Associations With The Mc1r Gene, Cameron L. Randall
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fear of pain is experienced in acute and chronic pain populations, as well as generally, and impacts numerous aspects of the pain experience, including pain intensity, pain-related disability, and pain behavior (e.g., avoidance). A related but separate construct, dental care-related fear, also is experienced in the general population, and impacts dental treatment-seeking behavior and oral and systemic health. Very minimal work has addressed the role of genetics in the etiologies of fear of pain and dental care-related fear. Limited available data suggest that variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene may predict greater levels of dental care-related fear. The MC1R …
Comparison Of In-Use Emissions Measurement Using Pems, Ftir And Full-Scale Dilution Method, Satya Ravi
Comparison Of In-Use Emissions Measurement Using Pems, Ftir And Full-Scale Dilution Method, Satya Ravi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
With an increasing focus on implementing low emission heavy duty (HD) vehicles in the booming freight transportation sector, engine manufacturers have started prompting studies on addressing the technical challenges of measuring these virtually near zero levels of gaseous and particulate emissions. Moreover, from a regulatory perspective, beginning 2005, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the in-use testing program for HD diesel engines in addition to the regular compliance testing protocol. The rule mandates the engine manufacturers to measure gaseous and particulate matter emissions using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) during real-world driving conditions, and verify that they …
Three Essays On The Economic Impacts Of Immigration, Juan T. Sayago-Gomez
Three Essays On The Economic Impacts Of Immigration, Juan T. Sayago-Gomez
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The movement of population is a part of the adjustment process in economics and society to changes in conditions and the environment. However migration can affect the host country and have negative consequences, such as poverty, crime, and overcrowding the social systems that provide access to health care and public goods. This dissertation addresses some cases of what are the consequences of migration: First it considers the opening of the European Union to new countries in 2004 and 2007 insignificant effects from the increase of all immigrants, African immigrants, and Latin American immigrants on crime rates of the regions, but …
Relationship Between Diet Quality And Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged West Virginians, Paige Starrett
Relationship Between Diet Quality And Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged West Virginians, Paige Starrett
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background: Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in the United States and West Virginians have the highest rates of many CVD risk factors; however, limited research on the relationship between diet quality and risk factors exists in this high risk middle-aged (45-64 years old) population.;Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the diet quality of middle-aged West Virginians and to determine the associations between diet quality, body mass index, lifestyle factors, health-related quality of life and cardiovascular risk.;Design; Cross sectional study, convenience sample.;Participants/Setting: Data were collected from 96 participants aged 45-64 years old residing in North Central West Virginia. Data …
Implications Of Primary Cilia And Associated Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling In Glioblastoma Biology And Therapy, Yuriy V. Loskutov
Implications Of Primary Cilia And Associated Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling In Glioblastoma Biology And Therapy, Yuriy V. Loskutov
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The primary cilium is a ubiquitous organelle presented on most human cells. It serves as a crucial signaling hub for multiple pathways including growth factor and G-protein coupled receptors. Loss of primary cilia was observed in various cancers, however, the implications of this event are unclear. Several studies show that loss of cilia promotes cell proliferation, suggesting that alteration of ciliary-dependent signaling can drive the hyperproliferative phenotype of cancer cells, therefore re-establishing primary cilia or targeting altered signaling pathways could be a beneficial strategy as an anti-cancer therapy.;Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers with a median survival of …
Effect Of The Cpap-Saver Intervention On Adherence Among Adults With Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea, April L. Shapiro
Effect Of The Cpap-Saver Intervention On Adherence Among Adults With Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea, April L. Shapiro
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 25 million adults in the United States. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice, but adherence is poor. Many previous CPAP adherence interventions were not theory based, tended to impose time and cost burden, and did not focus on OSA airway-brain mechanism education or OSA-CPAP performance feedback. A new, multidimensional intervention, known as CPAP-SAVER, was developed, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), knowledge of CPAP facilitators and barriers, characteristics of CPAP adherers and nonadherers, and behavior change techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of …
Cardiac And Mitochondrial Dysfunction During Diabetes Mellitus: Examination Of Mitochondrial Import Mechanisms, Danielle Lee Shepherd
Cardiac And Mitochondrial Dysfunction During Diabetes Mellitus: Examination Of Mitochondrial Import Mechanisms, Danielle Lee Shepherd
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Approximately 9% of the United States population is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is comprised of 2 distinct pathologies: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T1DM, which is caused by insufficient insulin production, affects approximately 5% of diabetic patients, while T2DM results from insulin resistance and affects 95% of all diabetic patients. Within diabetic patients, cardiac complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The mitochondrion has been implicated as an underlying factor in the etiology and progression of the cardiac contractile deficits and cardiac failure that accompany DM. …
Fish, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) And Natural Resource Injury, Daniel W. Sparks
Fish, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) And Natural Resource Injury, Daniel W. Sparks
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) program is authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) to pursue compensation for injury to, or destruction and loss of, natural resources. Fish are an important "natural resource" present in almost all aquatic ecosystems. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a hazardous substance and have been shown to cause harm to fish (and fish-eating animals). A series of investigations were conducted to determine if "injury" had occurred to creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and in one study, the fish community that creek chubs were a part of, …
Implementation Of The Signs Of Suicide Prevention Program With 9th Grade Students In A Public School Setting, Jessica Tennant
Implementation Of The Signs Of Suicide Prevention Program With 9th Grade Students In A Public School Setting, Jessica Tennant
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This quality improvement project examined the effectiveness of the use of the Signs of Suicide Prevention Program for educating 9th grade students. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to twelve participating students which focused on knowledge about depression, suicide and suicide prevention. A t-test was performed to evaluate a difference in pre-test and post-test scores. A single open-ended question was included on the post-test, "Please write 2 things you could do to prevent suicide?" Results were found to be statistically significant (t(11) = 4.432, p=11), 95% confidence interval (-2.49, -0.84). The overall mean difference was -1.67. Additional descriptive data was collected …
The Fabianization Of The British Empire: Postwar Colonial Summer Conferences And Community Development In Kenya And Uganda, 1948-1956, Joseph M. Snyder
The Fabianization Of The British Empire: Postwar Colonial Summer Conferences And Community Development In Kenya And Uganda, 1948-1956, Joseph M. Snyder
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation examines the influence of the Fabian Society on Britain's postwar colonial development regime between 1948 and 1956. This study demonstrates that a primary vehicle for the "Fabianization" of the British Empire was the Cambridge Summer Conference series, particularly the conference convened in 1948. Held on the "Encouragement of Initiative in African Society", the conference devised a policy framework of community development based on a model of mass education long-favored by Arthur Creech Jones, former chair of the Fabian Colonial Bureau (FCB) and then Secretary of State for the Colonies.;While the findings of this study attest that Fabian influence …
Information Centric Strategies For Scalable Data Transport In Cyber Physical Systems (Cpss), Ajay Krishna Teja Kavuri
Information Centric Strategies For Scalable Data Transport In Cyber Physical Systems (Cpss), Ajay Krishna Teja Kavuri
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) represent the next generation of computing that is ubiquitous, wireless and intelligent. These networked sens- ing systems are at the intersection of sensing, communication, control, and computing [16]. Such systems will have applications in numerous elds such as vehicular systems and transportation, medical and health care systems, smart homes and buildings, etc. The proliferation of such sensing systems will trigger an exponential increase in the computational devices that exchange data over existing network infrastructure.;Transporting data at scale in such systems is a challenge [21] mainly due to the underlying network infrastructure which is still resource con- strained …
Charge Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry Of Biomolecules, Pengfei Li
Charge Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry Of Biomolecules, Pengfei Li
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Recent advances in many biological disciplines are closely related to the development and application of new mass spectrometry techniques. The investigation of gas-phase ion activation techniques is one of the active research fields. Although researchers have developed a variety of ion activation techniques, they all suffer from certain intrinsic limitations---either limited in the types of fragment ions, or limited by the inefficiency with low charge-state precursor ions. Most of the ion activation techniques are not commercially available, and are at their developing stages.;As an attempt to explore new possibilities of fragmenting a gas-phase ion, charge transfer dissociation (CTD) was developed …
A Work Flow And Evaluation Of Using Unmanned Aerial Systems For Deriving Forest Stand Characteristics In Mixed Hardwoods Of West Virginia, Henry Liebermann
A Work Flow And Evaluation Of Using Unmanned Aerial Systems For Deriving Forest Stand Characteristics In Mixed Hardwoods Of West Virginia, Henry Liebermann
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Forest inventory information is a principle driver for forest management decisions. Information gathered through these inventories provides a summary of the condition of forested stands. The method by which remote sensing aids land managers is changing rapidly. Imagery produced from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offer high temporal and spatial resolutions and have added another approach to small-scale forest management. UAS imagery is less expensive and easier to coordinate to meet project needs compared to traditional manned aerial imagery. This study focused on producing an efficient and approachable work flow for producing forest stand board foot volume estimates from UAS imagery …
Taiwanese Composer Tyzen Hsiao: Pedagogical Aspects Of Selected Piano Solo Works, Tzu-Nung Lin
Taiwanese Composer Tyzen Hsiao: Pedagogical Aspects Of Selected Piano Solo Works, Tzu-Nung Lin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research project examines selected piano works by Taiwanese composer Tyzen Hsiao, who was born in 1938 and passed away in February, 2015. While Hsiao's music reveals influences from several different cultures, his main focus was the music of Taiwan, even though he decided to leave his homeland for the United States and was unable to return for more than 18 years because of volatile political issues within Taiwan. In his works, he uses the materials and compositional techniques of the 19th and 20th centuries, along with pentatonic scales and church styles; frequently, he also includes Taiwanese folk elements in …
College Students' Sleep Quality, Yahya Ahmed Alamir
College Students' Sleep Quality, Yahya Ahmed Alamir
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Poor sleep quality among college students increases the risk for lower grade point averages, compromised learning, impaired mood, and motor vehicle accidents; and associated with several unhealthy behaviors and outcomes including substances /drugs use (alcohol and medications), and weight gain. Therefore, we assessed college sleep quality in relation to the NMUPD and BMI among a large sample of college students using the fall 2010-spring 2011 national survey data (American College Health Association - National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA)). In addition, we used theoretical model integrating HBM perception constructs and behavioral intention to describe and predict college students' sleep quality among …
Skeletal Muscle Arteriole Dysfunction And Microvessel Density In Metabolic Syndrome And Depression: How Exercise Can Be Used As An Intervention, Kayla Whitney Branyan
Skeletal Muscle Arteriole Dysfunction And Microvessel Density In Metabolic Syndrome And Depression: How Exercise Can Be Used As An Intervention, Kayla Whitney Branyan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study examined the effect of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on peripheral microvessel function in healthy and metabolic syndrome (MetS) rodents, and whether exercise training could prevent the vascular dysfunction associated with UCMS. Our initial hypothesis was that: 1) LZRs exposed to UCMS would have peripheral microvascular dysfunction similar to that evident in the OZRs controls due to a reduction in NO bioavailability and an increase in ROS production; 2) the comorbidity between MetS exposed to UCMS will exacerbate the already existing peripheral microvascular dysfunction; 3) exercise could limit the peripheral microvascular dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress and …
Whole-Farm Phosphorus Management In West Virginia Beef Cattle Operations, Justin Brackenrich
Whole-Farm Phosphorus Management In West Virginia Beef Cattle Operations, Justin Brackenrich
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Demand for animal proteins is increasing worldwide, spurring an increase in forage based agricultural production. Forage based agriculture utilizes grass and legume crops from areas which are not suited for row-crop production to feed ruminant animals. These systems provide increased animal proteins to consumer markets, while using minimal amounts of cereal crops that would otherwise be used for human consumption. However, forage based agriculture does not come without a risk of environmental degradation. The US EPA determined that agriculture non-point source (NPS) pollution is among the top three causes of phosphorus (P) related surface water impairment and accounts for an …
Baltimore City Reservoir Watershed Forests Deer Exclosure Study: Deer Impact In An Even-Aged, Second Growth, Hardwood Forest Over A Ten Year Period, Walter Buck
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have the potential to change forest community dynamics by affecting the persistence of individual tree species and altering overstory composition. We evaluated the Baltimore City Reservoir Watershed Forests Deer Exclosure Study for a better understanding of the effects of over-browsing in this hardwood forest. The study examined the effects of deer browsing over a ten year period, using 20 fenced deer exclosure plots (8x8 feet), paired with unfenced reference control plots. Tree seedling and sapling abundance was compared between the fenced deer exclosure plots and the unfenced control plots over the ten year period. Total tree …
Impact Of Incident Cancer On Coronary Artery Disease-Related Concomitant Medication Adherence, Short-Term Health And Economic Outcomes Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries With Coronary Artery Diseas, Ishveen Kaur Chopra
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most burdensome chronic conditions in the elderly. The two key goals of long-term management of CAD are (i) to reduce symptoms and ischemia and (ii) prevent myocardial infarction and death, by lowering lipids and blood pressure. Of all the risk reduction strategies, use and adherence to concomitant pharmacotherapy with statins and beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to be highly effective and has become the cornerstone of CAD management. However, adherence to concomitant pharmacotherapy can be influenced by many factors including the development of …
Hydraulic And Thermal Response To Intermittent Pumping In Unconfined Alluvial Aquifers Along A Regulated Stream, Madan Maharjan
Hydraulic And Thermal Response To Intermittent Pumping In Unconfined Alluvial Aquifers Along A Regulated Stream, Madan Maharjan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations was studied using a year-long time series of stream stage and well heads in Glen Dale and New Martinsville, WV. Stream stage fluctuations exerted primary control over groundwater levels, especially during high flows. The location and operation of river pools created by dams alter groundwater flow paths and velocities. Aquifers are more prone to surface water infiltration in the upper reaches of pools than in lower reaches. Aquifer diffusivity is heterogeneous within and between the two sites.;Temperature fluctuations were observed for 2.5 years in 14 wells in three alluvial aquifers. Temperature signals have 2 …
The Impact Of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma On Primary Care And Costs Of Chronic Conditions In Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries, Rahul Garg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a median age of diagnosis of 67 years. The intensive treatment of DLBCL can negatively influence elderly patients' preventive and chronic care, which can increase the costs of different chronic conditions. DLBCL diagnosis and treatment can affect patients' visits to their primary care providers (PCPs) and other specialists, which are important for patients' preventive screenings and chronic care. Further, having DLBCL increases the risk for breast cancer, and DLBCL treatment is associated with cardiotoxicity and increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Thus, mammography and bone mineral …
Developing An Operational Model Of Sustainable Recreation: A Qualitative Study Of Usda Forest Service Southwestern Region National Forests, Jeremy A. Golston
Developing An Operational Model Of Sustainable Recreation: A Qualitative Study Of Usda Forest Service Southwestern Region National Forests, Jeremy A. Golston
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis describes a qualitative investigation of the implementation of the Southwestern Strategy for Sustainable Recreation. Its purpose is to elaborate an operational model of sustainable recreation management. Eleven forest-level public land outdoor recreation management programs in the Southwestern Region of the USDA Forest Service developed five-year sustainable recreation action-plans in 2015 under the guidance of the Regional strategy. The purpose of this case-study research is to investigate how individual national forest-level recreation programs in the Southwestern Region operationalized sustainable recreation during the study time frame.;The grounded theory research approach applied in this research study reveals empirical knowledge about how …
Identification Of Snps Potentially Associated With Asthma Using A Di-Isocyanate Luciferase Reporter Assay, Wentao Jiang
Identification Of Snps Potentially Associated With Asthma Using A Di-Isocyanate Luciferase Reporter Assay, Wentao Jiang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Occupational Asthma (OA) is a common lung disorder that can be caused or aggravated by exposures and conditions in the work places. Di-isocyanate asthma (DA) is one type of OA. Despite years of research, there are no reliable markers to predict risk or susceptibility for DA. Previous studies have identified 23 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are potentially associated with genes that are related with DA. In this study, we tested the functional relevance of the 23 candidate SNPs (mostly intronic) in several DA-related genes. We hypothesized that some of these SNPs may affect the binding of relevant transcription …
A System Dynamic Transmission Model (Systrans) To Simulate Epidemic Dengue Environment, Rifat Anwar
A System Dynamic Transmission Model (Systrans) To Simulate Epidemic Dengue Environment, Rifat Anwar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Dengue is the most significant arthropod-borne virus in terms of human morbidity and mortality. Geographic expansion of dengue and intensity of outbreak has amplified significantly during the last few decades. Thus, the understanding of the dynamic of the large outbreaks has become indispensable for planning of control interventions in future epidemics. In this regard, local entomological, meteorological and epidemiological parameters based dengue models can be an essential tool for better interpretation of dengue-climate relationship at a regional scale. Process based modelling is resourceful in combining the vector and host dynamic along with the response to the meteorological factors for dengue …
Cannabinoid Withdrawal Produces Altered Somatic And Emotionality-Related Behavior In Mice, Kristen R. Trexler
Cannabinoid Withdrawal Produces Altered Somatic And Emotionality-Related Behavior In Mice, Kristen R. Trexler
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cannabis sativa is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States. An estimated 9 percent of those who use cannabis will develop some level of cannabinoid use disorder (CUD). Although behavioral therapy has some success in treating CUD, many users still relapse. Moreover, there are no FDA approved pharmacological treatments available to complement behavioral therapy. The need for appropriate treatments highlights the need for nonhuman animal models to test target compounds. The current study aimed to (1) evaluate the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 as a possible treatment for cannabinoid withdrawal, and (2) to develop a spontaneous model of cannabinoid …
A Literature Review Of The Effects Of Home And Commercial Processing Methods On Nutritional And Sensory Properties Of Green Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris), Emily Hope Bauman
A Literature Review Of The Effects Of Home And Commercial Processing Methods On Nutritional And Sensory Properties Of Green Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris), Emily Hope Bauman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted to investigate nutrient retention, texture and color during processing and storage of green beans. Consumers do not take into consideration of the effects of processing and storage on the nutritional and sensory quality of the green beans. Freezing and canning are the main processing methods used to extend the shelf-life of green beans. Both frozen and canned green beans are blanched during processing. Green beans are either frozen after blanching or for canning undergo additional thermal processing. Ascorbic acid was found to remain stable after steam blanching at 90°C for 3.5 minutes. …
A Multidimensional Approach To Understanding Gender And Health Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Rebecca K. Delaney
A Multidimensional Approach To Understanding Gender And Health Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Rebecca K. Delaney
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
"Women get sicker, men die quicker," is a statement used to describe how women suffer from more chronic health conditions, greater physical limitations, and report poorer health compared to men (Crimmins, Kim, & Sole -Auro, 2011; Lochner & Cox, 2010), whereas men have a shorter life expectancy compared to women (CDC, 2013). Although biological sex differences offer some explanation for why men and women differ in health and mortality, there is much left unexplained (Miller, 2014). Gender, a psychosocial construct that reflects attitudes, feelings, and behaviors prescribed by cultural expectations for men and women (Unger, 1979) has been highlighted as …
Analytical And Computational Studies Of Gaseous And Dusty Combustion: From The Impacts Of Local Flame Speed Variations To A Global Predictive Mining Fire Scenario, Sinan Demir
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Accidental fires and explosions in gaseous environments with dust impurities constitute a tremendous hazard for dwelling and office buildings as well as for industries dealing with explosive materials such as flammable gasses and combustible dust. Among these industries, coal mining traditionally exhibits one of the highest occupational fatality and injury rates, often due to methane/air/coal-dust catastrophes claiming many lives every year world wide. There is therefore a critical need to reduce the risk of such accidents, or at least to mitigate their disastrous consequences. For this sake, the analytical and computational studies of the present Dissertation reveal the mechanism of …
Investigating Social Perceptions Associated With Water Quality In Morgantown, West Virginia, Jonas G. Leveque
Investigating Social Perceptions Associated With Water Quality In Morgantown, West Virginia, Jonas G. Leveque
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation investigates public perceptions of water quality in Morgantown, West Virginia. In recent years, water has become an increasingly critical issue in terms of quantity worldwide, and also in terms of quality. In developed countries such as the United States, water quality is often taken for granted by the general public. Nonetheless, recent water crises in Flint, Michigan and Charleston, West Virginia, are examples showing there are environmental risks associated with human activities. This dissertation explores the context of West Virginia, with coal mining that is decreasing and non-conventional oil and gas drilling that is increasing in the Appalachia …
Identity Gaps And Perceived Racial Prejudice In The Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship, Matthew J. Thomas
Identity Gaps And Perceived Racial Prejudice In The Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship, Matthew J. Thomas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study is to examine potential relationships between both blatant and subtle racial prejudice, identity gaps (as conceptualized by the communication theory of identity) and relationship satisfaction in the grandparent-emerging adult grandchild relationship. This study also addresses the discrepancy between grandchild perceptions of grandparent levels of blatant and subtle prejudice compared to the grandchild’s selfreport of blatant and subtle prejudice. Results of the current study (N = 460) confirm previous research that indicates both the personal-enacted and personal-relational identity gaps have a negative relationship with relationship satisfaction. Additionally, this study suggests that grandchildren perceive their grandparents’ racial …