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Comparison Of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions Between An On-Road Route And Engine Dynamometer Simulated On-Road Cycle, John Curtis Gibble
Comparison Of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions Between An On-Road Route And Engine Dynamometer Simulated On-Road Cycle, John Curtis Gibble
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Heavy-duty diesel engines are known to emit concentrations of harmful compounds of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). As a means of emissions control, engine dynamometer certification is currently employed. Current certification cycles provide for standardized comparisons, but may not be indicative of real-world emissions. Accurate in-use emissions testing would provide more realistic engine emissions values.;To examine the accuracy of the West Virginia University Mobile Emissions Measurement System (MEMS), on-road emissions tests were performed with six different diesel-powered vehicles. Exhaust species measured by MEMS were NO x and CO2, reported on a brake-specific basis. Information obtained during on-road …
Permeability And Strength Of Artificially Controlled Porous Media, Suresh Pasumarty
Permeability And Strength Of Artificially Controlled Porous Media, Suresh Pasumarty
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Oil well industry has been using hydraulic fracturing to open new channels and thus increase well productivity. Materials known as Proppants are injected into the fracture to keep the channels conductive after the applied hydraulic pressure is removed. But the proppants used to date are often crushed under the influence of rock closures, which leads to clogging of the channel.;The main objective of this study was to model a material that would be able to withstand the rock closure stresses and also remain conductive. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to study the effects of the shape and the …
Bone Fracture Toughness Of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits, Matthew S. Smith
Bone Fracture Toughness Of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits, Matthew S. Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Bone mass is commonly used as an indicator of fracture risk. It has been shown in numerous studies that bone loss causes increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. It has also been shown that 50% of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures have the same bone mass as normal age matched controls. Thus, bone mass alone is not the only indicator of bone quality and ability to resist fracture.;The objective of this study was to qualitatively assess bone's mechanical and histomorphometric changes with drug treatment, and estrogen deficiency, using fracture toughness, femoral neck fracture and histomorphometric analysis in an …
Development Of Instrumentation For Acoustic Monitoring, Deepak Mehra
Development Of Instrumentation For Acoustic Monitoring, Deepak Mehra
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis describes a source/sink flow acoustic wave sensor for the identification of leaks in gas pipelines. One of the many type of signals associated with the high velocity gas flowing out of a hole in the pipeline is the ramp or step pressure drop.;A large 3-inch diameter diaphragm was installed in an attempt to detect the low frequency waves associated with a leak. This diaphragm with source or sink flow through a 17mm internal diameter pipe acts as a pressure signal amplifier.;The deflection of the diaphragm due to the amplified force can be measured with a strain gage whose …
Dynamic Modeling And Control Of A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell As A Distributed Generator, Padmanabhan Srinivasan
Dynamic Modeling And Control Of A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell As A Distributed Generator, Padmanabhan Srinivasan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research concentrated on the modeling and control of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell in a deregulated electric power system. The PEM fuel cell is a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with various dynamic states. In most previous model studies, the stack temperature of a fuel cell was considered to be constant. For long duration short transient and analysis, the stack temperature should be considered a variable. A derived dynamic model for the PEM fuel cell was analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Power generation characteristics of the PEM fuel cell were presented. Performance of the PEM fuel cell under …
Effect Of Computer Practice Of Component Gait Training Facts On Choice Of Ambulation Aid And Gait Pattern By Physical Therapist Assistant Students, Beverly R. Born
Effect Of Computer Practice Of Component Gait Training Facts On Choice Of Ambulation Aid And Gait Pattern By Physical Therapist Assistant Students, Beverly R. Born
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Health care educational programs are challenged to provide efficient and effective instructional strategies to teach students both the foundation knowledge and problem solving skills that they need to provide quality health care services. In the present study, computer-based text passages and quizzes were used to teach physical therapist assistant (PTA) students the component facts and principles needed for the higher level skill of choosing ambulation aids and gait patterns for patients in described clinical scenarios. The research questions were (a) whether learning component gait training skills would result in better ability to choose ambulation aids and gait patterns for patients …
Effect Of Temperature Variations On Premature Cracking Of Dowel Jointed Concrete Pavements, Gergis W. William
Effect Of Temperature Variations On Premature Cracking Of Dowel Jointed Concrete Pavements, Gergis W. William
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Dowel jointed concrete pavements exhibit premature top-down transverse cracking at mid slab leading to a dramatic decrease in pavement service life. In the past, such cracks were attributed to combined stresses caused by the temperature differential through the slab thickness and heavy vehicle joint loading. This reasoning failed to explain transverse cracking of Palmdale, California slabs (developed before opening the pavement to traffic ) as well as the transverse cracks on I-80 in Pennsylvania, USA that appeared after one to two years of construction. In this study nonlinear 3D Finite Element (3DFE) analysis that includes detailed consideration of slab constraints …
Essays On International Political Economy, Tomi Ovaska
Essays On International Political Economy, Tomi Ovaska
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation is a collection of essays that focus on the effects of government intervention on economic outcomes. The work is empirical in nature and incorporates cross-country comparisons to highlight the effect governments potentially have in influencing the working of markets. The essays in this dissertation ask what governments actually do and why, what governments should avoid doing, and finally, what governments should undertake to foster economic progress. Chapter one is a short introduction to the role governments play in modern societies. Chapter two considers what governments do and why, focusing on fiscal illusion. Contrary to the fiscal illusion hypothesis, …
Essays On International Monetary Institutions, Monetary Policy, And Economic Stability, Elham Mafi-Kreft
Essays On International Monetary Institutions, Monetary Policy, And Economic Stability, Elham Mafi-Kreft
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation is a collection of essays that focus on how the policy actions and design of monetary institutions affect various economic indicators, such as commodity prices, asset prices, and production. Chapter 1 of the dissertation discusses the role and design of monetary institutions. Chapter 2 outlines the process undertaken during the European economic and monetary unification with an emphasis on the European Central Bank (ECB). Chapter 3 empirically analyzes the effects that the ECB has had on the economic stability of its member countries. Specifically, substantial disagreement exists among economists about the degree to which central banks should pursue …
Dietary Patterns, Exercise Behaviors And Osteoporosis Knowledge Of College Women At West Virginia University, Jamie Sutton Deem
Dietary Patterns, Exercise Behaviors And Osteoporosis Knowledge Of College Women At West Virginia University, Jamie Sutton Deem
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study was conducted to describe the dietary patterns, exercise behaviors and osteoporosis knowledge of college women at West Virginia University. One hundred forty-one women were recruited (ages 18--27). Mean intake of nutrients including calcium (860 +/- 369 mg/day) was reported. Calcium intake was significantly lower than the recommendation (1000 mg/day; p < 0.0001). Mean reported exercise time was 54.4 minutes/day. This was significantly greater than the recommendation of 30 minutes/day (p < 0.01). Osteoporosis knowledge was measured by questionnaire. The majority of participants were able to identify 7/14 risk factors. A T-test indicated that individuals who answered osteoporosis risk factor questions correctly had higher intakes of calcium, but were still significantly below the recommendation (p < 0.001). Results indicated that exercise time was significantly higher in individuals who answered osteoporosis risk factor questions correctly (p < 0.001). These results suggest that college women do not have adequate intakes of calcium or knowledge of osteoporosis for prevention of the disease.
Geophysical Investigation Of The T And T Mine Complex, Preston County, West Virginia, Jennifer S. Mabie
Geophysical Investigation Of The T And T Mine Complex, Preston County, West Virginia, Jennifer S. Mabie
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The U.S. Department of Energy National Energy and Technology Laboratory have utilized an airborne platform with remote sensing technologies consisting of a multi-spectral scanner and airborne electromagnetic conductivity technologies to provide a rapid reconnaissance of watershed areas. Airborne surveys were flown over the T&T Mine Complex, located in Preston County, West Virginia. The electromagnetic and thermal anomalies observed in the airborne data were compared to mine maps to correlate anomalous features with mine pools and ground water discharge points that may represent acid mine drainage (AMD). Surface geophysical studies were performed to delineate the conductivity anomalies observed in the airborne …
Evaluation Of Techniques For Disseminating Parent -Child Interaction Therapy, Amy D. Herschell
Evaluation Of Techniques For Disseminating Parent -Child Interaction Therapy, Amy D. Herschell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Considerable advancements have been made in the last decade in developing, identifying, and evaluating empirically supported treatment programs (ESTs). Less progress has been made in the dissemination of these promising programs. This trend may be due, in part, to a lack of systematic studies investigating methods to distribute ESTs successfully so that both skills and knowledge are acquired. More information is needed regarding the effectiveness of existing treatment dissemination modalities (e.g., treatment manuals, workshops) as well as therapist characteristics that might impact training success.;The purposes of the current investigation were to: (a) evaluate a treatment manual as a method for …
Rx Plays Multiple Roles In Eye Development, Vera A. Voronina
Rx Plays Multiple Roles In Eye Development, Vera A. Voronina
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The homeobox was first identified as a common feature of Drosophila genes that control pattern formation during embryogenesis. These genes have been implicated in the regional specialization of the developing brain, spinal cord and other body structures. Homeobox gene families are highly conserved and encode DNA-binding regulatory proteins. Certain members of the homeobox gene family, including Pax6, Chx10, Lhx2, Otx2, Six3 and Six6, are crucial for development of the eye. A new family of retinal homeobox genes, Rx, is expressed early in embryogenesis in retinal stem cells. This expression pattern, along with results of overexpression and gene deletion studies, is …
Investigation Into The Use Of A Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance For Real-Time Particulate Measurement, Marcus Gilbert
Investigation Into The Use Of A Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance For Real-Time Particulate Measurement, Marcus Gilbert
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Characterizing particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust emissions during transient test cycles has been a challenge for researchers. Acquisition of real-time PM data was proposed by the use of a Rupprecht and Patashnick Co., Inc. Series 1105 Diesel Particulate Monitor Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) mass measuring device. The objectives of testing with a TEOM diesel particulate analyzer were to validate its collection capability and evaluate its real-time characteristics on transient test cycles. Conventional PM filtration was used as the base line for evaluating the TEOM collection capability. To evaluate real-time TEOM characteristics, the real-time mass rate data were separated …
Simulation Of A Vertical Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System With Optimal Ground Loop Design, Krishna C. Adivi
Simulation Of A Vertical Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System With Optimal Ground Loop Design, Krishna C. Adivi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As the natural resources for conventional energy will steadily diminish in the future, it becomes necessary to search for alternate sources of energy. One of those sources includes the geothermal energy, which is defined as the thermal energy found in the earth's crust. Ground coupled heat pumps (GCHP) consist of a water-to-air or water-to-water heat pump, a circulator pump, a buried pipe grid and an interconnecting header. Heat is extracted from or rejected to the ground through this buried pipe grid that circulates a heat transfer fluid such as water or a water/antifreeze solution. Energy is spent to run the …
Non-Native Esl Teachers' Reactions To Students' Different Cultural Backgrounds In Classroom Interaction, Livia Silva Lirio
Non-Native Esl Teachers' Reactions To Students' Different Cultural Backgrounds In Classroom Interaction, Livia Silva Lirio
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
There have been research studies done in the area of cross-cultural analysis that discuss the necessity of culture-oriented examiners or assessors as well as "culture-free testing" when assessing students from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Despite evidence that "culture-bias" is present in oral examinations, few of the studies found directly approach the instructors' reactions to students' different cultural and backgrounds in classroom interaction. Therefore the purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate teachers' perspectives on teaching in a multicultural classroom. The findings of this study conducted in an American language institute with non-native ESL teachers reveal a mismatch between …
Investigation Of The Applicability Of Neural-Fuzzy Logic Modeling For Culvert Hydrodynamics, Jonathan M. Lester
Investigation Of The Applicability Of Neural-Fuzzy Logic Modeling For Culvert Hydrodynamics, Jonathan M. Lester
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As a result of an earlier WV DOH study, the idea came to the forefront of using a completely new approach to analyzing the complex subject of culvert hydrodynamics. The literature indicates that there have been no reports of artificial intelligence, to include neural networks, fuzzy logic, or combined neural-fuzzy logic, used to investigate and predict culvert hydrodynamics.;The scope of this dissertation is to investigate the applicability of using neural-fuzzy logic to predict culvert diameters. To analyze these flows, commercial culvert software was employed to account for all types of flow conditions. This included different slopes, lengths, flow-rates, pipe sizes, …
Modular Track Panels For Improved Safety In The Mining Transportation Industry, Donald Sterling Tusing
Modular Track Panels For Improved Safety In The Mining Transportation Industry, Donald Sterling Tusing
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Locomotives and "mine cars" often derail (often two or three times daily) in coalmines causing fatal injuries, fires initiated from sparks during derailment, and costly downtimes. Modular track panels (resembling the ladder track systems used in Japan) were designed and tested for bending behavior and load sharing characteristics, between track modules and also between rails, to improve safety of miners during transportation. Prefabricated track modules made of prestressed concrete and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites were evaluated. Two modular prestressed concrete modules, each 15 ft long, were tested, as well as one set of prestressed concrete half-panels to test the …
Evaluation Of The Effect Of Fines On Asphalt Concrete, Carlos Humberto Reyes
Evaluation Of The Effect Of Fines On Asphalt Concrete, Carlos Humberto Reyes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Several methods have been developed for determining the quantities of aggregate and asphalt cement used in asphalt concrete. This research consists of the evaluation of the surface area of different aggregates used in the state of West Virginia. This factor is important because the amount of asphalt needed to coat the aggregate depends on the specific surface area of the aggregate blend. The specific surface area of the aggregate blend is usually calculated based on the aggregate gradation and surface area factors.;This research proposes a method to obtain accurate specific surface area factors using the Blaine air permeability apparatus. By …
Application Of Statistical Methods For "Flow Unit" Identification And Characterization Of A Reservoir Using Well Log And Core Data, Reza Mustafa
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A flow unit is a stratigraphically continuous interval of similar reservoir process speed that maintains the geologic framework and characteristics of rock types. Permeability and porosity of the reservoir rock has always been considered as two of the most important parameters to identify flow unit for formation evaluation, reservoir description, and characterization. Beyond evaluating permeability and porosity, one can also use combinations of two or more rock properties to gain insight into the character of two through porous media. Porosity is commonly evaluated from the well log data, which are usually available from the most wells in the reservoir. But …
Moisture Diffusion Through Neat And Glass-Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Resin Containing Nanoclay, Hiteshkumar T. Rana
Moisture Diffusion Through Neat And Glass-Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Resin Containing Nanoclay, Hiteshkumar T. Rana
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Moisture diffusion was studied through neat resin as well as glass-fiber reinforced vinyl ester samples, both containing up to 5 wt% montmorillonite clay. Transient and steady-state diffusion experiments were carried out with both neat resin as well as glass-fiber reinforced samples. Effect of saline and alkaline solutions on the process of diffusion was studied. It was found that the diffusivity decreased due to the presence of nanoclay in polymer. SEM images of FRPs were taken after two months of immersion in distilled water at room temperature. The SEM images revealed that the presence of clay indeed protected the glass-fibers. Effect …
Modeling Of An Aluminum Reduction Cell For The Development Of A State Estimator, Philip Biedler
Modeling Of An Aluminum Reduction Cell For The Development Of A State Estimator, Philip Biedler
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Electrolytic cells are used to produce aluminum from alumina ore. These cells use a carbon anode, a cryolitic bath, and a carbon containment vessel, which also serves as the cathode. The process is not completely understood because of the limited number of measurements and its complexity.;A finite element model was developed that simulates the electrical, thermal, and chemical phenomena occurring within the cell. The model was verified by comparing its output to data presented in the literature, and by comparing its output to data gathered from operating reduction cells at Century Aluminum in Ravenswood, WV. The model was used to …
Measurement Of Attitude Toward Educational Use Of The Internet In An English Composition Course With A Comparison Of Traditional -Aged And Non-Traditional-Aged Students, Diana Gail Duran
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Attitude is tied to behavior, and writing behaviors seem to be affected by using a computer. Technological advances have forever changed the way educators view the process of writing, including the way students learn, how they feel about the way they are learning, and their subsequent behaviors. Numerous studies have indicated that using computers to write changes the way students write, what they write, and the quantity and quality of that writing. However, studies disagreed about how these changes occur, whether they are positive or negative (or neither), and what psychological dynamics, such as attitude, are involved, to what degree, …
Investigation Of Ship Wakes Using Les With Various Sgs Models, Zeynep N. Cehreli
Investigation Of Ship Wakes Using Les With Various Sgs Models, Zeynep N. Cehreli
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Turbulence plays an important role in ship wake flows. Without the knowledge of turbulent intensities and length scale information it is virtually impossible to model and predict turbulence characteristics in complex flows, such as ship wake flows. Moreover, the behavior of ship wakes requires an understanding of the turbulence near a free surface. The present study will focus on identifying the contributions of various mechanisms, but primarily that of the free surface, to the process of turbulence generation and dissipation in the wake of a turning ship using the large eddy simulation (LES) technique. LES is applied in conjunction with …
Economics Of Breast Cancer Preventive Strategies In A Medicaid Program, Rohit D. Borker
Economics Of Breast Cancer Preventive Strategies In A Medicaid Program, Rohit D. Borker
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The primary objective of the study was to estimate the long-term benefits and costs of chemopreventive tamoxifen and mammography screening in women who are otherwise healthy but at high risk of developing breast cancer. Three hypothetical cohorts of high-risk women were initiated at age forty. The first cohort consumed chemopreventive tamoxifen and underwent routine mammography screening. The second cohort also consumed chemopreventive tamoxifen but underwent mammography screening at real-world rates. The third cohort (control cohort) did not consume chemopreventive tamoxifen and underwent mammography screening at real-world rates. The study also assessed the proportion of women in the West Virginia Medicaid …
Behavioral Analysis In The Athletic Training Clinical Learning Environment, Steven Allen Denhup Jr.
Behavioral Analysis In The Athletic Training Clinical Learning Environment, Steven Allen Denhup Jr.
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Approved clinical instructors (ACI) and athletic training students (ATS) were observed in the clinical learning environment over six observation sessions to correlate frequency/duration of observed behaviors with perceived behaviors and analyze clinical instruction behavior frequency/duration trends. The Clinical Instruction Analysis Tool-Athletic Training II and BEST software was utilized. Skill Feedback: Evaluative and Skill Feedback: Descriptive indicated strong ACI correlations. Screening and Evaluative Technique: Manipulation and Documentation indicated strong ATS correlations. Frequency and duration R2 values were not higher than 0.39. Individuals within the clinical learning environment are unaware of the behaviors they exhibit, as there was a low degree of …
Seasonal Movement And Macro-Habitat Use Of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) In An Ohio River Navigation Pool, Jason Gregory Freund
Seasonal Movement And Macro-Habitat Use Of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) In An Ohio River Navigation Pool, Jason Gregory Freund
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Largemouth bass provide an important recreational fishery in the Ohio River. Our objectives were to determine critical over-wintering and spawning habitats of largemouth bass in the Belleville Pool of the Ohio River. We surgically implanted radio-transmitters in 39 adult largemouth bass and tracked them over a 23-month period. Our results demonstrate the importance of off-channel habitats in the life history of largemouth bass in large river systems. Sedimentation, resulting in a loss of embayment quality and surface area, is an important problem and thus merits increased attention. Restoration and protection efforts to improve largemouth bass fisheries in large river systems …
Recreational Opportunities And Health Status In West Virginia, Yoav Sneh
Recreational Opportunities And Health Status In West Virginia, Yoav Sneh
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Over half of all Americans are considered to be physically inactive and/or obese, leading to significant individual and societal costs. This study investigates the link between recreational supply and health status for West Virginia. Using spatial econometric techniques, this study provides solid evidence that the demand for health care is positively associated with physical inactivity rates, and that physical inactivity rates are inversely related to the supply of recreational opportunities. When promoting the importance of physical activity as preventative health care, policy makers should consider the provision of recreational opportunities as a means to overcome sedentary behaviors.
Characterization Of Wetland Soils In The Beaver Creek Watershed, Kyle Michael Stephens
Characterization Of Wetland Soils In The Beaver Creek Watershed, Kyle Michael Stephens
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A proposed section of Appalachian Corridor H will pass through an area of the Beaver Creek watershed in Tucker County, West Virginia previously mined for the acid-producing Upper Freeport coal. Presently, partially-reclaimed spoils from past mining activities are generating acid mine drainage and releasing sediments into streams and other water bodies. Soils of acid mine drainage impacted wetlands and non-impacted wetlands were characterized to establish baseline soil status and to gain a better understanding of the chemical and physical processes occurring in these wetlands. The results of this study will be used to assist the West Virginia Division of Highways …
Gene Expression Profiling In Prepubertal And Adult Male Mice Using Cdna And Oligonucleotide Microarrays, Lisa Marie Tomascik-Cheeseman
Gene Expression Profiling In Prepubertal And Adult Male Mice Using Cdna And Oligonucleotide Microarrays, Lisa Marie Tomascik-Cheeseman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Variations in gene expression are the basis of differences in cell and tissue function, response to DNA damaging agents, susceptibility to genetic disease, and cellular differentiation. The purpose of this dissertation research was to characterize variation in basal gene expression among adult mouse tissues for selected stress response, DNA repair and damage control genes and to utilize variation in temporal gene expression patterns to identify candidate genes associated with germ cell differentiation from mitosis through meiosis in the prepubertal mouse testis. To accomplish these goals, high throughput analyses of gene expression were performed using custom cDNA and random oligonucleotide microarrays. …