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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Chopped, Dropped & Rolled., Michael F. Loop Jan 2013

Chopped, Dropped & Rolled., Michael F. Loop

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis, in support of my exhibition, encompasses two of my passions; art and automobiles. In conjunction with my background in automotive restoration and backyard tinkering, I transform industrial materials, inherent to working on vehicles, (Bondo, automotive paint, hand-formed steel) into processes for art making. The pieces in this exhibition serve as an investigation into the process of making, while also paying homage to the canon of Modern and Postmodern art theories and practices, specifically Minimalism, Color Field painting, and Abstract Expressionism.

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Beaumont Glass Site In Morgantown, Wv. Sustainable Urban Redevelopment Through Interpretive Design, Brownfield Reclamation And Mixed Uses., Maria Juliana Lloreda Jan 2013

Beaumont Glass Site In Morgantown, Wv. Sustainable Urban Redevelopment Through Interpretive Design, Brownfield Reclamation And Mixed Uses., Maria Juliana Lloreda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis project consists of a design approach to the former Beaumont Glass site and the adjacent sites, a total of 14.6 acres. The city of Morgantown and its downtown area are in need of demonstrations of sustainable development practices and mixed use design. The project design and development focus on site inventory and analysis, historic quality of the site, needs of the community, and stakeholder expectations. The applied design strategies are based on sustainable development, interpretive design, brownfield reclamation, phytoremediation technologies, and stormwater management. The vision of this project is the creation of an overall conceptual masterplan based on …

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Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Adolescents' Math And Visual-Spatial Performance., Lisa M. Didonato Jan 2013

Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Adolescents' Math And Visual-Spatial Performance., Lisa M. Didonato

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent research suggests that the gender gap in math performance is closing (Else-Quest, Hyde, & Linn, 2010; Hyde, Lindberg, Linn, Ellis, & Williams, 2008). However, negative stereotypes about girls’ math abilities are still widely held (Bhanot & Jovanovic, 2005; Bleeker & Jacobs, 2004). The gender gap in visual-spatial skills, or the ability to reason about and manipulate mental pictures, still exists in that boys outperform girls on visual-spatial tasks. The current study drew from literature on stereotype threat (i.e., the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about a specific group; Steele, 1997) to investigate the impact of negative math stereotypes on …

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Emotion Regulation And Threat Estimation As Mediators Of The Relation Between Cognitive Functioning And Anxiety In Late Life, Caroline M. Ciliberti Jan 2013

Emotion Regulation And Threat Estimation As Mediators Of The Relation Between Cognitive Functioning And Anxiety In Late Life, Caroline M. Ciliberti

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Rates of anxiety are generally thought to decline in typically aging older adults. Some theorize that this decline is a result of age-related improvements in emotion regulation. Emotion regulation may require the use of complex cognitive processes, however, which can be impacted by cognitive decline. Indeed, the prevalence of anxiety is high among older adults with cognitive impairment. The current study examined emotion regulation and threat perception as possible mediators in the relation between cognitive functioning and anxiety.;Methods: One hundred adults, aged 60 and older, were recruited from nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and the community. All were asked …

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From Sinners To Saints: Emerging Agency In American Women's Novels Before The Civil War, Amy Howard Green Jan 2013

From Sinners To Saints: Emerging Agency In American Women's Novels Before The Civil War, Amy Howard Green

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigates the ways in which the narrative of salvation contributed to the development of female selfhood in American women's novels before the Civil War. Over time, protagonists of some of the most popular of these novels were transformed from victims of seduction (as in Charlotte Temple or The Coquette) into self-reliant agents of virtue (as in The Wide, Wide World or The Lamplighter). Such a depiction suggests that a similar shift in readers' imaginations of their own selfhood was also taking place, and it paralleled changes in the genre conventions of novels that have been traditionally identified as …

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Development Of Synthetic Pathways For Carbon Nanohoops, Yiwei Huang Jan 2013

Development Of Synthetic Pathways For Carbon Nanohoops, Yiwei Huang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A synthetic pathway was developed for the preparation of a precursor of a [6]cycloparaphenylene derivative, which represents the shortest repeating carbon nanohoop segment of an armchair (6,6) carbon nanotube. As a key intermediate of the synthetic sequence, trans,trans-1,4-di(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butadiene was synthesized by using the Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction between 4-bromocinnamaldehyde and diethyl 4-bromobenzylphosphonate reported in the literature. The use of BF3˙OEt2 as a Lewis acid for the Lewis acid-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction between trans,trans-1 ,4- di(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butadiene and 1,4-benzoquinone was successful in producing cis-5,8-di(4-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 ,4-naphthalenediol. The Diels-Alder reaction ensures that the two 4-bromophenyl substituents are cis to each other in the sixmembered ring, which is …

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Network Dynamics, Synchronization, And Self-Propelled Particles In Chemical Systems, Hua Ke Jan 2013

Network Dynamics, Synchronization, And Self-Propelled Particles In Chemical Systems, Hua Ke

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Neural networks are a class of biological networks of great importance. They are a key component of the central nervous system that coordinates body functions. The exploration of the detailed mechanism of biological neural networks remains extremely active. Inspired by the structure of biological neural networks, artificial neural networks have been designed to solve a variety of problems in pattern recognition, prediction, optimization and control. However, few studies have been reported that explore the dynamics of biological neural networks using chemical systems. As part of this thesis, an experimentally trainable network based on the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is developed, where …

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Thrombelastography Parameters Versus Classical Coagulation Profile In Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Study, Abdulraouf Y. Lamoshi Jan 2013

Thrombelastography Parameters Versus Classical Coagulation Profile In Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Study, Abdulraouf Y. Lamoshi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The West Virginia University Guide to the Preparation of Masters Theses Abdulraouf Y. Lamoshi Thrombelastography Parameters versus Classical Coagulation Profile in Trauma Patients: a Retrospective Study Background: Thrombelastography (TEGTM, Hemoscope, Niles, IL) is increasingly utilized. As TEG depicts overall coagulation it may be more comprehensive and capable to detect any coagulation abnormalities in comparison to classical coagulation tests (CCT: PT, PTT, INR, platelets). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to contribute to coagulopathy. The primary aim was to compare TEG parameters of TBI vs. Non-TBI patients. The secondary aim was to identify TEG vs. CCT parameters associated with outcome (mortality, …

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Characterizing The Variability In Particulate Mass Emissions From Current Model Year Diesel And Natural Gas Engines, Pragalath Thiruvengadam Padmavathy Jan 2013

Characterizing The Variability In Particulate Mass Emissions From Current Model Year Diesel And Natural Gas Engines, Pragalath Thiruvengadam Padmavathy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this study is to discern and characterize the factors contributing to the variability in Particulate Matter (PM) mass emissions from current model year diesel and natural gas engines observed during in-use chassis dynamometer testing and compare it with an alternate method of mass measurement involving instantaneous particle size distribution and number count. The study involves the analysis of engine and chassis dynamometer data collected from different engine technologies and chassis dynamometer test cycles in order compare the variability in gravimetric PM mass as well as the PM mass estimated by number-concentration.;PM and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) have …

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Tuning The Electrical And Thermal Conductivities Of Thermoelectric Oxides Through Impurity Doping, Maria A. Torres Arango Jan 2013

Tuning The Electrical And Thermal Conductivities Of Thermoelectric Oxides Through Impurity Doping, Maria A. Torres Arango

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Waste heat and thermal gradients available at power plants can be harvested to power wireless networks and sensors by using thermoelectric (TE) generators that directly transform temperature differentials into electrical power. Oxide materials are promising for TE applications in harsh industrial environments for waste heat recovery at high temperatures in air, because they are lightweight, cheaply produced, highly efficient, and stable at high temperatures in air. Ca3Co4O9(CCO) with layered structure is a promising p-type thermoelectric oxide with extrapolated ZT value of 0.87 in single crystal form [1]. However the ZT values for the polycrystalline ceramics remain low of ∼0.1-0.3. In …

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Evaluation Of The Effects Of Aggregate Gradation And Compaction Effort On The Voids In Mineral Aggregate In Asphalt Concrete, Logan Bessette Jan 2013

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Aggregate Gradation And Compaction Effort On The Voids In Mineral Aggregate In Asphalt Concrete, Logan Bessette

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Asphalt concrete should resist short-term rutting, provide resistance to thermal cracking, and maintain structural integrity through the design life of the structure. Balancing these factors is achieved by ensuring adequate asphalt binder in a strong aggregate structure. The design asphalt content is decreased by applying additional compaction effort in the form of increased gyrations in the Superpave Gyrator Compactor. The mixes that undergo increased compaction effort present decreased fatigue life, although they resist short-term rutting. Mixes that undergo less compaction effort contain more binder and have long fatigue lives, although they are susceptible to rutting.;Two hypotheses were tested to determine …

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Variables That Predict Burnout Among Sex Offender Treatment Providers: Work Setting, Gender, Work Hours, Jennifer Pravlik Dec 2012

Variables That Predict Burnout Among Sex Offender Treatment Providers: Work Setting, Gender, Work Hours, Jennifer Pravlik

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Psychological treatment of the sexual offender population continues to be an arduous task for therapists. There is evidence that many therapists will experience burnout at some point during their careers. Providing treatment in a burned out state can cause harm to the therapist, client, and community (Barnett, Baker, Elman, & Schoener, 2007). It is necessary to determine the variables that influence burnout in order to increase awareness and to address the variables at an organization and personal level in order to identify therapists that may be at risk of burnout. In this I study examined the relationship of variables identified …

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Augmented Propeller Design With The Use Of A Passive Circulation Control Pressurization System, Jonathan Kweder Dec 2012

Augmented Propeller Design With The Use Of A Passive Circulation Control Pressurization System, Jonathan Kweder

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Circulation control is a high-lift device used on the main wing of an aircraft. This technology has been in the research and development phase for over sixty years primarily for fixed-wing aircraft when the early models were referred to as "blown flaps." Circulation control works by increasing the near surface velocity of the airflow over the leading edge and/or trailing edge of a specially designed aircraft wing using a series of blowing slots that eject high velocity jets of air. The wing has a rounded trailing edge, and ejects the air tangentially, through these slots inducing the Coanda Effect. This …

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A Novel Approach To Residence Time Distribution, Jackson W. Wolfe Dec 2012

A Novel Approach To Residence Time Distribution, Jackson W. Wolfe

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An increased knowledge in the solids flow in multiphase flow systems can be applied in the design of industrial systems used for power generation, gasification, pneumatic transport of material, drying, and various other tasks. An instrument was constructed for the activation, injection, and measurement of phosphorescent tracer particles in a fluidized bed riser to determine the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of solids flow within a fluidized bed riser. The instrument was implemented in a dual-stage transparent scale model fluidized bed riser. Testing of the instrument system validated the functionality of the instrument. It was proven to be capable of determining …

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Evaluation Of Methods For Measuring Aggregate Specific Gravity, Rajasekhar Bikya Dec 2012

Evaluation Of Methods For Measuring Aggregate Specific Gravity, Rajasekhar Bikya

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) procedures for determining the aggregate specific gravities and absorption values are time consuming and hence are not appropriate for quality control processes. These methods are not repeatable too which is another issue with the standard test methods. The standard AASHTO method for fine aggregates has problems with angular and absorptive materials. Due to this problem several agencies have developed alternative methods. Correct measurement of the specific gravity and absorption play a crucial role in the design of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Improper measurements can lead to poor asphalt …

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Comparing Student Stage Of Reflective Judgment Between Junior And Senior Academic Standing, Randall C. Miller Dec 2012

Comparing Student Stage Of Reflective Judgment Between Junior And Senior Academic Standing, Randall C. Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated reflective judgment scores of students enrolled in business-related programs of study with junior and senior academic standing from institutions of higher education accredited by the Council of Higher Education in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during Fall 2011, Spring 2012 and Summer 2012 semesters. Data were collected from students using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Student reflective judgment scores were determined by employing the Reasoning about Critical Issues (RCI) questionnaire, a proprietary instrument. Eighty-seven students completed all components of the questionnaire to enable a reflective judgment score to be determined. On average, senior respondents in this …

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Switchgrass Potential On Reclaimed Surface Mines For Biofuel Production In West Virginia, Michael A. Marra Dec 2012

Switchgrass Potential On Reclaimed Surface Mines For Biofuel Production In West Virginia, Michael A. Marra

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The high cost and environmental risks associated with non-renewable energy sources has caused an increased interest in, and development of renewable biofuels. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a warm season perennial grass, has been investigated as a source of biofuel feedstock due to its high biomass production on marginal soils, its tolerance of harsh growing conditions, and its ability to provide habitat for wildlife and soil conservation cover. West Virginia contains vast expanses of reclaimed surface mine lands and could potentially benefit from the production of switchgrass as a biofuel feedstock. Furthermore, switchgrass production could satisfy Surface Mining Reclamation and Control …

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Zircon Geochronology Of Ash Beds In The Marcellus Shale Of The Appalachian Basin, Jessica M. Hayward Dec 2012

Zircon Geochronology Of Ash Beds In The Marcellus Shale Of The Appalachian Basin, Jessica M. Hayward

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Volcanic ash horizons, produced by arc magmatism in the Acadian orogeny, are interbedded with the Marcellus Shale and Onondaga Limestone of the Appalachian basin. Zircon grains from the ash layers are suitable for SIMS U-Th-Pb geochronology due to their resistant behavior against weathering and ability to record age of the eruptions.;A total of 24 Tioga ash layers within cores of the Middle Devonian Marcellus and Onondaga from six wells located in West Virginia and Pennsylvania were collected for U-Pb dating. The ash horizons were recognized as thinly laminated tuffaceous shale with graded beds of white mica and pyrite, ranging in …

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Hiv/Aids Intervention In Ghana: A Constructivist Approach To Understanding Aids Policy, Nat Papa Kobina Markin Dec 2012

Hiv/Aids Intervention In Ghana: A Constructivist Approach To Understanding Aids Policy, Nat Papa Kobina Markin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study is about how donor policy, NGO policy and public policy work together in Ghana's national strategic response to HIV and AIDS. The dissertation touches on two areas of public policy - development policy and health policy specifically relating to HIV/AIDS to determine congruity of the policy approaches of the three groups. Based on a survey done in Accra, Ghana in summer 2010 and on documentary sources of data collection, the study captures areas of agreement and disagreement of the three groups and discusses their effects on policy implementation. In broader terms, it analyzes assistance for HIV/AIDS in the …

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The Effects Of The Environmental Design Instruction On The Students' Gymnastics Skill Refinement, Han Chen Dec 2012

The Effects Of The Environmental Design Instruction On The Students' Gymnastics Skill Refinement, Han Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study compared the effects of Direct Instruction (DI) with DI+Environmental Design Instruction (EDI) on the refinement of both simple and difficult gymnastics skills refinement. Four boys aged six to eight with two years of gymnastics training experiences participated in the simple skill experiment (running tuck jump on the springboard). Four boys aged 11 to 13 with more than three years of gymnastics training experiences participated in the difficult skill experiment (mushroom circles). Three dependent variables were measured in the experiment of running tuck jump and they were: (1) the participant's hip angle while they jumped at the highest point, …

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Recognition Of Arabic Handwritten Words, Omar Alhmouz Dec 2012

Recognition Of Arabic Handwritten Words, Omar Alhmouz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recognizing Arabic handwritten words is a difficult problem due to the deformations of different writing styles. Moreover, the cursive nature of the Arabic writing makes correct segmentation of characters an almost impossible task. While there are many sub systems in an Arabic words recognition system, in this work we develop a sub system to recognize Part of Arabic Words (PAW). We try to solve this problem using three different approaches, implicit segmentation and two variants of holistic approach. While Rothacker found similar conclusions while this work is being prepared, we report the difficulty in locating characters in PAW using Scale …

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Dna-Based Population Estimation, Harvest Vulnerability, And Home Range Dynamics Of Black Bears In Western Maryland, Michael D. Jones Dec 2012

Dna-Based Population Estimation, Harvest Vulnerability, And Home Range Dynamics Of Black Bears In Western Maryland, Michael D. Jones

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

After nearly being extirpated from the state, black bears in Maryland have rebounded to a point where recreational harvest has now become an important management tool. Having a better understanding of bear population parameters, movements, and harvest vulnerability allows managers to implement hunting more effectively and responsibly. To estimate demographics of the Maryland bear population, we implemented noninvasive genetic sampling of bear hair during summer 2011. We used a model-based sampling design that allowed us to collect samples more efficiently. We used presence-only maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to classify the study area based on predicted probability of bear occurrence, and …

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Public Land Management Values: A Delphi Study Of Austrian And Pacific Northwest United States Recreation Resource Managers, Jessie Meybin Dec 2012

Public Land Management Values: A Delphi Study Of Austrian And Pacific Northwest United States Recreation Resource Managers, Jessie Meybin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is a continuing global increase in recreational visitor use of public land. This rise in visitation can be a good thing if a proactive management plan utilizing strong methodology to anticipate impacts to an area and sustain its natural and social resources is in place. Although a wide spectrum of issues is presented to each management, few of the concepts are new to any of the administrators. With increasing duties, newly emerging concerns, and decreasing time, there is little room or patience for error concerning the implementation of any management derivatives or techniques. If the existing research on all …

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Psychosocial Concerns In Pediatric Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury Patients, Janelle M. Mentrikoski Dec 2012

Psychosocial Concerns In Pediatric Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury Patients, Janelle M. Mentrikoski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Obstetric brachial plexus injuries (OBPI) occur during childbirth when the child's shoulder blade gets stuck on the mother's pubic bone, resulting in damage to nerves in the child's shoulder. Due to the possible visible nature (e.g., injured arm may be shorter than the non-injured arm) and mobility limitations (e.g., difficulties in raising the injured arm to brush one's teeth) associated with these injuries, youth with OBPI may experience psychosocial difficulties. However, little research has examined the psychosocial functioning in this population. The current study sought to investigate possible predictors of social functioning and self-concept in youth with OBPI. This study …

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Stream Restoration: Project Evaluation And Site Selection In The Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, Jonathan L. Pitchford Dec 2012

Stream Restoration: Project Evaluation And Site Selection In The Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, Jonathan L. Pitchford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Stream restoration is being conducted throughout the world at unprecedented rates to address stream channel degradation and water quality concerns. Natural Channel Design (NCD) is a common method used for restoration and has received governmental endorsement; however, the effects of NCD on channel stability and ecosystem functioning are poorly studied. We examined the effects of a reach-scale NCD project on channel stability, riparian vegetation, and water quality along the Cacapon River, West Virginia using a before-after-control-impact design and determined that restoration increased the abundance and diversity of woody vegetation, but had minimal effects on streambank stability and water quality. Increased …

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Riparian Ecological Community Assessment With An Emphasis On Wood Turtles (Glyptemys Insculpta) In The Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, Kathryn R. P. Mccoard Dec 2012

Riparian Ecological Community Assessment With An Emphasis On Wood Turtles (Glyptemys Insculpta) In The Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, Kathryn R. P. Mccoard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Riparian zones serve to maintain high water quality, low water temperatures, and structural complexity in aquatic and terrestrial environments, among other beneficial services. Riparian buffers provide habitat and corridors linking forest patches for terrestrial wildlife. High riparian vegetative structure and complexity attract a high diversity of wildlife, including birds, herpetofauna, and small mammals. Devegetated riparian zones, often a result of developmental and agricultural practices, lose their beneficial functions and require restorative actions to regain them. The Cacapon River watershed in West Virginia is agriculturally-dominated with many areas of riparian zone degradation. A section of the Cacapon River was selected for …

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Selection Of Benthic Habitat By Yellow-Phase American Eels (Anguilla Rostrata), Melissa A. Braham Dec 2012

Selection Of Benthic Habitat By Yellow-Phase American Eels (Anguilla Rostrata), Melissa A. Braham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis examines habitat preference of yellow-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata) and relationships between age and length with that preference. The thesis is comprised of two chapters: (1) an introduction and literature review on American eel life history, their habitat selection, and the study of resource selection, and (2) an experimental study of yellow-phase American eel habitat preference and relationships between preference and age and length. Given widespread habitat alteration of North American rivers, an understanding of the use and selection of habitat is important to conservation and management of the American eel. Yellow-phase American eels are often considered as …

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Effects Of Video Feedback On Students' Performance Of A Back Handspring, Kristi A. Kiefer Dec 2012

Effects Of Video Feedback On Students' Performance Of A Back Handspring, Kristi A. Kiefer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Purpose: Video technology has become a viable resource for teachers and coaches as a method of providing feedback to students and athletes. Studies support the use of this strategy when applied to teaching adolescents and adults with a proficient skill base. To date little research has identified the use of video technology as a method of feedback in the skill acquisition of children at a novice level. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of video feedback on the performance of a back handspring. Methods: A multiple-treatment reversal design within each participant with a counter balance was …

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Comparison Of Ltpp-Bind V3.1 And Mepdg For The Selection Of Binder Grades, Jennifer Bustos Rios Dec 2012

Comparison Of Ltpp-Bind V3.1 And Mepdg For The Selection Of Binder Grades, Jennifer Bustos Rios

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Binders for five analysis locations and two pavement designs were selected using the LTPPBind V3.1 software. The recommended binders were then refined to meet realistic constraints of pavement construction in West Virginia. The performance of pavements with the selected binders, pavement structures and analysis locations was predicted using MEPDG. For the range of conditions evaluated in this study, the performance predictions of MEPDG were not sensitive to the binder selection. The materials models used in MEPDG for a Level 3 analysis were examined to assess why the predicted pavement performance was not sensitive to binder selection.

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Modified Delphi Investigation Of Lesson Planning Concepts For Physical Education Teacher Education, Jack W. Sager Dec 2012

Modified Delphi Investigation Of Lesson Planning Concepts For Physical Education Teacher Education, Jack W. Sager

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Improving the methods of instructing future educators, through program evaluation and improvement, should be a goal of all teacher education programs. In physical education, the National Association for Sport & Physical Education created standards for initial preparation of physical education teachers. The six standards for preparation include Planning and Implementation, which include tenants pertaining to unit and lesson planning. Despite the significant importance of planning in the growth of preservice teachers as they complete a Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) program, there is currently no consensus on what concepts to be included in lesson planning for physical education teacher education. …

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