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Achieving The Dream: An Actor's Journey And Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Solo Performance Based Upon The Life Of Novelist And Civil Rights Activist, James Baldwin., Rodney A. Creech Jan 2008

Achieving The Dream: An Actor's Journey And Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Solo Performance Based Upon The Life Of Novelist And Civil Rights Activist, James Baldwin., Rodney A. Creech

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This document explores the creative process involved in the development and writing of the one-man performance, focusing on the life and writings of essayist, novelist, playwright, and poet James Baldwin. This documentation will also cover research, journal excerpts, rehearsal, performance and self-evaluation of this thesis project.


An Assessment Of Service Quality Indicators As Predictors Of Customer Satisfaction At Diamond Lake., Kevin R. Gaydos Jan 2008

An Assessment Of Service Quality Indicators As Predictors Of Customer Satisfaction At Diamond Lake., Kevin R. Gaydos

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of customer satisfaction as it applies to a person recreating at Diamond Lake. More specifically, this study explored satisfaction items across several socio-demographic and trip characteristic variables and attempted to determine which satisfaction items were associated with predicting an overall satisfaction rating. The study took place at Diamond Lake, which is located in south central Oregon, from May 25lh . 2007 to August 3^. 2007. A quantitative survey method was used, with a total of 405 surveys collected. There were three proposed customer satisfaction models in this study. The first …


The Felt Needs Of Adult Learners In Today's College Environment: The Growing Significance Of Non-Traditional Students., Antoinette Hando Jan 2008

The Felt Needs Of Adult Learners In Today's College Environment: The Growing Significance Of Non-Traditional Students., Antoinette Hando

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A survey was used to identify the felt needs of non-traditional students. The first section identified non-traditional students and their overall demographics. In the needs analysis three major factors were found: flexibility of program requirements, time flexibility and the ability to understand the needs of non-traditional students were identified. These correlated with the literature review done on non-traditional learners. The last section dealt with their feelings concerning technology. It also was found to be comparable to the literature review, which talked about demographics, felt needs, and use of technology. Findings indicated that these nontraditional students felt that new technology was …


Using Social Support And Theoretically Derived Messages To Increase Awareness And Use Of The C&O Canal National Historical Park For Walking: An Intervention Focused On Local Employees., Lydia H. Lawson Jan 2008

Using Social Support And Theoretically Derived Messages To Increase Awareness And Use Of The C&O Canal National Historical Park For Walking: An Intervention Focused On Local Employees., Lydia H. Lawson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There have been a number of recent studies documenting the various physical, psychological, and social health benefits associated with participation in regular physical activity. In response to compelling evidence of the benefits associated with improving health and in an attempt to promote healthy lifestyles, the Bush Administration proposed the Healthier U.S. Initiative (Executive Order 13266) in 2002. The purpose of this initiative was to promote the use of public lands to improve personal health by encouraging their use for physical activity. Based on the recommendations of the National Park Service Advisory Board Subcommittee on Health & Recreation (2006), the C&O …


The Development Of A Rotator Cuff Evaluation Tool For The Throwing Athlete., David Keith Pryor Jan 2008

The Development Of A Rotator Cuff Evaluation Tool For The Throwing Athlete., David Keith Pryor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context: Rotator cuff pathologies are common in baseball and softball. The diagnosis of rotator cuff injuries can be difficult to obtain due to the number of pathological conditions that affect the rotator cuff. While current rotator cuff evaluation techniques are used based on best clinical practice or evidence based research, no comprehensive evaluation tool exists that combines these two ideas. Objective: The purpose of this study is to create a concise, comprehensive rotator cuff evaluation tool for a throwing athlete, specifically a baseball or softball player, that includes evidence based research and best clinical practice. Design: The study is a …


Cultural Assimilation, Appropriation And Commercialization: Authenticity In Rap Music, 1997-2004., Jonathan P. Tummons Jan 2008

Cultural Assimilation, Appropriation And Commercialization: Authenticity In Rap Music, 1997-2004., Jonathan P. Tummons

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis examines the changes in authenticity in rap lyrics between 1997 and 2004. Throughout its American history, Black music has expressed the lived experiences, the psychological realities, of Africans in diaspora and has always functioned to help create, negotiate and maintain cultural identity or “Blackness”. Within the last 20 years, rap music has undergone a tremendous amount of commercialization and appropriation by capitalistic culture industries and their largely white consumer base which has resulted in the widespread assimilation of black cultural expression into popular (white) culture. Rap artists increasingly invoke their authenticity as a way of preserving their cultural …


West Virginia Agricultural Education Teachers' Perceptions On Involving Students With Exceptionalities In Agricultural Classrooms And Laboratories., Ashley D. Watts Jan 2008

West Virginia Agricultural Education Teachers' Perceptions On Involving Students With Exceptionalities In Agricultural Classrooms And Laboratories., Ashley D. Watts

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine West Virginia Agricultural Education Teachers perceptions on involving students with exceptionalities in agricultural classrooms and laboratories. This study examined whether teachers felt confident, well-prepared, and if other students interact well with students with exceptionalities. This study also sought to determine if agricultural teachers felt they had adequate training to work with students with exceptionalities or if additional training was needed. The majority of teachers agreed that including students with exceptionalities in the classroom fosters understanding for diverse populations. A majority of teachers have seen an increase in students with exceptionalities in their …


Integrating Community, Education, And Global Sustainability: The Vash Recycling Model., Tracy A. Vash Jan 2008

Integrating Community, Education, And Global Sustainability: The Vash Recycling Model., Tracy A. Vash

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Action research engages researchers and communities in iterative, reflective inquiry to address issues and solve problems with the support of data analysis. The study was structured by and analyzed using the prototype Vash Recycling Model (VRM). For three years, January 2005 through December 2007, this study engaged textiles, apparel, and merchandising students at West Virginia University in collaboration with The Mission, a homeless shelter in Clarksburg, in a joint recycling project. The VRM, found to be an effective guide in textiles and apparel recycling, assisted environmental sustainability, and in 2007 eliminated 679,271 pounds of waste from the landfill while generating …


Classroom Environment And Its Effect On Student Achievement In A 3rd Grade Mathematics Classroom: An Autoethnographic Study., Darlene R. Voorhees Jan 2008

Classroom Environment And Its Effect On Student Achievement In A 3rd Grade Mathematics Classroom: An Autoethnographic Study., Darlene R. Voorhees

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Student achievement in mathematics is a concern of policy-makers as well as those who teach the subject. Due to concern regarding lagging mathematical achievement in the United States that began with a series of events that include the launch of Sputnik in the 1950s, the federal report A Nation At Risk, and the Third International Mathematics and Science Study have sparked a fervent desire for school children to succeed and compete mathematically with our global neighbors. Although policy-makers are striving to improve educational practices of mathematics by formulating curriculum plans to foster mathematical achievement and a joy of mathematics, one …


Analytical Solution To The Wave Equation With Discrete Pressure Sources: A Model For The Rijke Tube, Eduardo G. Perez Jan 2008

Analytical Solution To The Wave Equation With Discrete Pressure Sources: A Model For The Rijke Tube, Eduardo G. Perez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Despite of having been studied for several decades the phenomena of combustion instabilities are not well understood. Pressure waves due to the combustion instabilities can become violent being detrimental for both the performance and combustor life. A good prediction of the pressure distribution inside the combustor is important in order to prevent theoccurrence of this phenomenon. In this work a technique for solving the wave equation with discrete sources (or sinks) using the Green's functions was developed. One and two-dimensional approaches for cylindrical and Cartesian coordinates withconstant speed of sound were solved. Also the case of one-dimensional axially varying temperature …


Impact Of A Physical Activity Intervention For Weight Loss: A Qualitative Analysis Of Participant Perceptions And Expectations, Jessica Anne Creasy Jan 2008

Impact Of A Physical Activity Intervention For Weight Loss: A Qualitative Analysis Of Participant Perceptions And Expectations, Jessica Anne Creasy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of self-esteem and body image and expectations for success among participants enrolled in a physical activity and nutritional intervention for weight loss. Qualitative research methods (individual interviews) were conducted to assess how participants felt about themselves, their bodies, and the intervention. In all, 10 participants were interviewed; five were in the initial week of the weight loss intervention (Phase I) and five had been enrolled in the intervention between 9--13 months (Phase II). Weight in pounds and body fat percentage were obtained for all participants at time of enrollment, and at …


Leadership And Organizational Culture Transformation In Professional Sport, Joe Frontiera Jan 2008

Leadership And Organizational Culture Transformation In Professional Sport, Joe Frontiera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Schein (1992) defined organizational culture as "a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration" (p. 12), and organizational culture has long been recognized as a moderator to performance in business (Baalthazard, Cooke, & Potter, 2006; Kotter & Heskett, 1992; Smerek & Denison, 2007). The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the phenomena of organizational culture change in professional sport (National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and National Football League). Of the 32 teams that met criteria for inclusion, six agreed to participate. Specifically, leaders (owners …


Perceived Preparedness Of Graduate Assistant Novice Approved Clinical Instructors For Supervision Of Undergraduate Athletic Training Students, Christopher M. Pircher Jan 2008

Perceived Preparedness Of Graduate Assistant Novice Approved Clinical Instructors For Supervision Of Undergraduate Athletic Training Students, Christopher M. Pircher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context. Athletic training clinical education has gone through reform since the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) has become the accrediting body of the profession. The amount of time that an undergraduate athletic training student has in the clinical education setting is very valuable to their development as a certified athletic trainer (ATC) and possibly as an approved clinical instructor (ACI). Therefore, the preparedness of the approved clinical instructor is very crucial. Objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the perceived preparedness of graduate assistant novice ACIs in the supervision of undergraduate ATSs in clinical education. …


Focal Adhesion Kinase Mediates Caveolin-1 Expression During Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition: A Novel Pathway Regulating Aspects Of Cell Motility In Cancer., Kelly M. Bailey Jan 2008

Focal Adhesion Kinase Mediates Caveolin-1 Expression During Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition: A Novel Pathway Regulating Aspects Of Cell Motility In Cancer., Kelly M. Bailey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Caveolin-1, the protein coat of caveolae membrane invaginations, was originally hypothesized to function solely as a tumor suppressor in human cancers. However, since the early 1990s, caveolin-1 has been found to be up-regulated in a number of metastatic cancers. This expression has been shown to correlate with disease progression and decreases in overall patient survival in some tumor types. Further, caveolin-1 expression is elevated in multi-drug resistant cancer cells and caveolae are thought to participate in the efflux pathway to pump drugs out of these tumor cells. The overall goal of these studies was to examine changes in and regulation …


Pharmacists And Tobacco Cessation Counseling: Attitudes And Beliefs, Impact Of Cessation Training On Practice, And Feasibility Of Training And Implementation Into The Pharmacy Practice Setting., Jarrett W. Coffindaffer Jan 2008

Pharmacists And Tobacco Cessation Counseling: Attitudes And Beliefs, Impact Of Cessation Training On Practice, And Feasibility Of Training And Implementation Into The Pharmacy Practice Setting., Jarrett W. Coffindaffer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of death in the United States (U.S.), contributing to nearly 440,000 deaths each year and resulting in an annual cost of more than {dollar}75 billion in direct medical costs. The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of pharmacists in high tobacco use and low tobacco use states toward tobacco cessation counseling, as well as the barriers and motivators associated with tobacco cessation counseling in the pharmacy practice setting and (2) to determine the feasibility of implementing a tobacco cessation program in the pharmacy practice …


Rhetorics Of Pain And Desire: The Writings Of The Middle English Mystics., Marisa A. Klages Jan 2008

Rhetorics Of Pain And Desire: The Writings Of The Middle English Mystics., Marisa A. Klages

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation, Rhetorics of Pain and Desire: The Writings of the Middle English Mystics, seeks to explore the connections between desire and pain in the writings of Richard Rolle, Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe and Walter Hilton. All four writers develop a rhetoric that allows them to use pain and/or desire as a catalyst through which their writing becomes embodied. This embodied rhetoric serves the purpose of achieving union with God, while instructing others in the art of fusing the body, pain and desire into the ultimate conduit for divine contemplation. In each chapter, the development of each writer's authority …


A Case Study Of Two Schools' Inclusion Practices In Elementary Physical Education., David G. Lorenzi Jan 2008

A Case Study Of Two Schools' Inclusion Practices In Elementary Physical Education., David G. Lorenzi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This qualitative case study examined the process for including students with disabilities in elementary physical education settings. Specifically, effective teaching skills, environmental factors, and differences between an experienced and a novice elementary physical education teacher as they pertain to inclusion were examined. Data were collected over a two month period via field-based observations and semi-structured interviews. The case study participants included an experienced elementary physical education teacher (29 years teaching experience), a novice elementary physical education teacher (first year teaching physical education full-time), two elementary school principals, a special education teacher, and a director of special education. All participants were …


State Economic Policy And Development In Kenya: A Study Of African Entrepreneurship In Kisii Township And Its Environs, 1930-1978, Kennedy Mokaya Moindi Jan 2008

State Economic Policy And Development In Kenya: A Study Of African Entrepreneurship In Kisii Township And Its Environs, 1930-1978, Kennedy Mokaya Moindi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study explores African initiatives in the small scale business sector within Kisii town and the larger region of Gusiiland in the period from 1930 to 1978. Despite the transition to a market economy with the onset of colonial rule at the end of 19th Century, African participation in trading activities within Kisii town and other market centers had remained minimal up to 1930. The slow integration of Gusiiland into mainstream colonial economic production before the 1930s was mainly attributed to its relative geographical isolation from major centers of economic production in Kenya together with the violent nature that characterized …


School Bullying: A Freirean Perspective., Linda Fae Rhone Jan 2008

School Bullying: A Freirean Perspective., Linda Fae Rhone

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study addressed the overarching question: Can the work of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire provide a framework for a better understanding of school bullying in the United States? In order to address the overarching question, the following questions were answered: (1) What is the state of information available on bullying in the United States? (2) How does selected works authored by Paulo Freire provide an understanding of oppressive relationships? (3) What has been written about Paulo Freire's influence on selected educators who teach in America? (4) What were the perspectives on bullying from selected educators whose practices are grounded in …


Other Hispanic An Analysis Of Nyc Honduran Political Participation., Maximo Geraldo Martinez Jan 2008

Other Hispanic An Analysis Of Nyc Honduran Political Participation., Maximo Geraldo Martinez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Studies conducted on Latino immigrants and political participation primarily focuses on their large population groups such as Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Mexicans. However, this study centers on Central American Hondurans, also a group with substantial populations in U.S. cities. The theoretical idea central in examining this query is that U.S. Honduran political participation is related to their ethnic identity, association with churches in their U.S. communities, the extent of financial ties, and political participation (experiences) in their country of origin. This study will also add to the understanding of differences evident in U.S. Latino political participation. Uncovering differences of this …


Does Student Passivity Exist? The Impact Of The Student And Instructor On Involvement In And Outside Of The College Classroom., Robert J. Sidelinger Jan 2008

Does Student Passivity Exist? The Impact Of The Student And Instructor On Involvement In And Outside Of The College Classroom., Robert J. Sidelinger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The classroom is the center of students' formal educational experience. It is often the one place students have an opportunity to interact with faculty. This dissertation explored the issue of student involvement both inside and outside of the college classroom. First, this study qualitatively examined in-class involvement from the students' perspective. Based on students' descriptions of their perceptions of their involvement/noninvolvement, and their perceptions of other students' involvement/noninvolvement, six themes (e.g., Active Involvement) emerged for in-class involvement and eight themes (e.g., Student Passivity) for in-class noninvolvement. Second, this study quantitatively examined factors (i.e., student characteristics, perceived instructor communication strategies, and …


"Divided Into Double Parts" Race, Gender, And The Double In Books 1-3 Of Spenser’S The Faerie Queene, Rachel N. Holmberg Jan 2008

"Divided Into Double Parts" Race, Gender, And The Double In Books 1-3 Of Spenser’S The Faerie Queene, Rachel N. Holmberg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the first canto of Book 1 of Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Archimago divides Redcrosse and Una "into double parts," creating the impression that they are not just divided from each other, but divided from themselves. While this is the first time the phrase "divided into double parts" is mentioned, the theme of division and doubling has already appeared in the text. Indeed, this kind of thematic echo, or doubling, is characteristic of Spenser's work. My dissertation argues that only when we are seeing double, do we recognize the unity in The Faerie Queene . The concept of decomposition allows …


The Relationship Between Training And Experience And General Educators' Attitudes Toward The Inclusion Of Students With Disabilities., Jason S. Kight Jan 2008

The Relationship Between Training And Experience And General Educators' Attitudes Toward The Inclusion Of Students With Disabilities., Jason S. Kight

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine if relationships exist between general educators' attitudes toward the instructional priorities, potential barriers, potential risks, and potential benefits to the inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education environment and (1) number of special education courses taken, (2) number of years teaching experience, (3) number of years teaching experience in inclusive environments, and (4) number of inservice trainings that dealt specifically with the inclusion of students with disabilities. General educators (n=107) from southwestern Pennsylvania completed an online survey, adapted from Carter and Hughes (2006), that measured their instructional priorities for students …


Instructors And Their Students: The Relationship Between Out -Of -Class Communication, Student Communication Motives, Student Motivation, And Instructor Job Satisfaction And Motivation., Jennifer L. Knapp Jan 2008

Instructors And Their Students: The Relationship Between Out -Of -Class Communication, Student Communication Motives, Student Motivation, And Instructor Job Satisfaction And Motivation., Jennifer L. Knapp

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The bulk of instructional communication research is concerned with the impact of instructors on students, leaving very few studies that focus on the affects of students on instructors. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify the impact students have on instructor out-of-class communication (OCC), job satisfaction, and motivation. Student relational, functional, participatory, excuse-making and sycophancy motives for communicating, along with perceived student motivation were examined in order to learn more about the influence of students on instructors. Participants (college instructors, N = 268) completed an online questionnaire about their OCC, job satisfaction, and motivation, as well as perceived …


Methods Of Evaluation Of Teaching Quality In English Departments In Baccalaureate Liberal Arts Colleges: What Helps Instructors Improve Their Teaching., George Fulda Jan 2008

Methods Of Evaluation Of Teaching Quality In English Departments In Baccalaureate Liberal Arts Colleges: What Helps Instructors Improve Their Teaching., George Fulda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted because limited research has been conducted in the specific use of formative evaluations in higher education and how it helps instructors improve their teaching. Additionally, this study examined the relationship between formative evaluation and faculty development. A mixed-method approach was used to discover the methods of formative evaluation used in English Departments in Baccalaureate Liberal Arts Colleges. A web survey determined revealed these methods in use. From the responding institutions, faculty from three case-study institutions reflecting best practices participated in interviews and document analysis to determine: what dimensions of teaching are evaluated through different methods, how …


User Habitation In Keystroke Dynamics Based Authentication, Qi Cheng Dec 2007

User Habitation In Keystroke Dynamics Based Authentication, Qi Cheng

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Most computer systems use usernames and passwords for authentication and access control. For long, password security has been framed as a tradeoff between user experience and password security. Trading off one for the other appears to be an inevitable dilemma for single password based security applications. As a new biometric for authenticating access, keystroke dynamics offers great promises in hardening the password mechanism. Our research first investigate the keystroke dynamics based password security by conducting an incremental study on user's habituation process for keystroke dynamics analysis using two distinct types of passwords. The study shows that (1) long and complex …


Creating A Gis Database For Nursing Home Evacuation Planning In Virginia Beach, Virginia, Randall S. Dawson Dec 2007

Creating A Gis Database For Nursing Home Evacuation Planning In Virginia Beach, Virginia, Randall S. Dawson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The focus of this project is planning for the evacuation of the nursing homes of the city of Virginia Beach, VA in response to a hurricane risk. The population of nursing homes, hospitals and assisted living communities need special assistance when evacuating an area, requiring medications, equipment, and specialized transportation. Previous studies for Virginia Beach have provided generalizations for the population as a whole yet have provided very little data for specific communities such as nursing homes. A GIS database is created for nursing home establishments including road networks, bridges and tunnels, elevation, estimated facility population, and recently modeled storm …


Stand Dynamics Of An Old-Growth Hemlock-Hardwood Forest In West Virginia, Nathan R. Beane Dec 2007

Stand Dynamics Of An Old-Growth Hemlock-Hardwood Forest In West Virginia, Nathan R. Beane

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cathedral State Park (CSP) is a 54-ha, old-growth, hemlock-hardwood forest located in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia. Trees larger than 100 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) and 35 m tall are common. Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand) is an exotic insect that currently threatens eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) throughout its native range, and was found in CSP in 2002. In 2006, field plots established in 2000 were remeasured to assess adelgid-induced changes to forest structure and species composition. The herbaceous plant community was also measured during the 2006 growing season to describe how …


Attitudes Of 4-H Club Leaders Toward Volunteer Training In West Virginia, Jennifer Post Dec 2007

Attitudes Of 4-H Club Leaders Toward Volunteer Training In West Virginia, Jennifer Post

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Volunteers are essential to the 4-H program. This study was conducted to determine why individuals volunteer for 4-H, how volunteers feel towards the training they are offered, what the training needs of 4-H volunteers were, and the methods 4-H volunteers prefer to receive training. A questionnaire was sent to 260 volunteer club leaders in 27 counties in the state of West Virginia. 4-H volunteers have multiple reasons for being a volunteer club leader including helping people and working with youth. 4-H volunteer club leaders feel that training is important in becoming a leader and that training is for everyone regardless …


Market Risk Analysis Of Coal Liquefaction, Huan Mei Dec 2007

Market Risk Analysis Of Coal Liquefaction, Huan Mei

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study addresses the risks associated with coal liquefaction using a market risk simulation approach. The study can be divided into four phases: (i) identify the sources of risk, (ii) examine the relationships among different sources that cause the risk, (iii) estimate the risk level based on the sources of risk using statistical and financial method and (iv) provide conclusions and recommendations for risk analysis.;Market risk is considered the most important risk for commercial scale coal liquefaction projects and is one of the biggest obstacles to commercialization. This study analyses market risk and discusses methods to lower this type of …