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Effects Of Seed Dispersal By Gibbons, Sambar, And Muntjac On Choerospondias Axillaris Demography, And The Disruption Of This Mutualism By Wildlife Poaching, Jedediah Farrell Brodie
Effects Of Seed Dispersal By Gibbons, Sambar, And Muntjac On Choerospondias Axillaris Demography, And The Disruption Of This Mutualism By Wildlife Poaching, Jedediah Farrell Brodie
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Rampant illegal hunting threatens wildlife populations inside many tropical protected areas, compromising their long-term effectiveness. A critical question concerns whether such harvest has indirect effects on non-hunted organisms that interact with the game species. For example many tree species are demographically reliant on seed dispersal by vertebrates that are threatened by hunting; the anthropogenic disruption of this animal-plant mutualism can severely alter the composition of tropical forests. Here I show that illegal poaching has reduced or extirpated several mammal species from national parks in northern Thailand. This, in turn, has negatively affected the demography of the canopy tree Choerospondias axillaris, …
Monitoring Program And Assessment Of Coyote Predation For Olympic Marmots, Julia Judyta Witczuk
Monitoring Program And Assessment Of Coyote Predation For Olympic Marmots, Julia Judyta Witczuk
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Witczuk, Julia J. M.S., Summer2007 Wildlife Biology MONITORING PROGRAM AND ASSESSMENT OF COYOTE PREDATION FOR OLYMPIC MARMOTS Chairperson: L. Scott Mills The Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) is an endemic species to the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Although nearly all of its range is enclosed within Olympic National Park, declines and local extirpations of the species have been documented. The most plausible driver of the decline appears to be an increase in predator pressure. My thesis had two main objectives. First, I investigated the role of non-native coyotes (Canis latrans) in causing marmot mortality. Through park-wide carnivore scat analysis I determined …
Assessing Forest Responses To Climate Change And Resolving Productivity Measurements Across Spatial Scales, Céline Boisvenue
Assessing Forest Responses To Climate Change And Resolving Productivity Measurements Across Spatial Scales, Céline Boisvenue
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Informed decisions regarding forest and carbon resources require knowledge of the impacts of environmental changes on forest productivity. We also need to reconcile the diverging productivity estimates that are presently available. This dissertation assembles two publications addressing the impacts of climate change on forest productivity and one exploring the relationship between three estimates of forest productivity. In the first chapter, I evaluated whether forests have responded to recent changes in climatic conditions. Through combining published evidence I show that forests have responded to changes in the patterns of light, water, and temperatures over the last half of the 20th century. …
Templates For Creating Standardized Cartographic Productsfor Montana County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plans, Bruce Albert Koerner
Templates For Creating Standardized Cartographic Productsfor Montana County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plans, Bruce Albert Koerner
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Montana Critical Infrastructure GIS Committee, on behalf of the Montana Department of Administration, has been involved for several years in concentrated efforts to make various types of map products available to those involved in emergency management throughout the state. As a component of this process, the Committee authorized funding for a project devoted to the development of standardized map products for pre-disaster mitigation (PDM) plans during the spring of 2006, and the research was completed later that year. The requirement for the development of these plans was established by the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. In Montana, implementation of …
The Impact Of Peer Discussion Groups On The Recreational Reading Of Seventh Grade Students, Dana Haring
The Impact Of Peer Discussion Groups On The Recreational Reading Of Seventh Grade Students, Dana Haring
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Recreational reading is declining. The decline starts early in elementary school and rapidly accelerates during adolescence. Adolescent literacy is impacted on many fronts, including various factors in psychological, emotional, intellectual, academic, and social development. Because social factors and emotional factors are especially relevant in the study of adolescents and their recreational reading, these elements were integrated in this quasi-experimental research.
This study was designed to answer the following research question: if given the choice of what to read and time with peers to discuss their reading, will seventh grade students spend more time reading? The sample of 117 seventh grade …
Hiv/Aids And Conservation Agency Capacity In Southern Africa: Perceptions Of Critical Impacts, Barriers, And Intervention Strategies, Jennifer Ann Cash
Hiv/Aids And Conservation Agency Capacity In Southern Africa: Perceptions Of Critical Impacts, Barriers, And Intervention Strategies, Jennifer Ann Cash
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The HIV/AIDS pandemic permeates all aspects of southern African civil society including the ability of organizations to practice conservation. The purpose of this research is to understand how management perceives HIV/AIDS influencing southern African conservation agencies workforce capacity to meet their missions. Research goals include: (1) identifying perceptions of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on workforce capacity; (2) elucidating barriers to addressing these impacts; and (3) exploring mitigation strategies. Data collection involved two stages: (1) semi-structured interviews of managers and scientists (n=23) to better understand impacts and barriers; and (2) a panel of key experts (n=30) within southern African conservation agencies …
Evaluating The Effects Of Wilderness On Population And Employment Growth In The Eleven Western States, Matthew Larson Silbaugh
Evaluating The Effects Of Wilderness On Population And Employment Growth In The Eleven Western States, Matthew Larson Silbaugh
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This paper examines the role of protected land on population and employment growth in the eleven Western States, which is an important issue in many counties that have high levels of federally owned land. A Carlino and Mills regional adjustment model is used to examine how these land management policies affect the local population and employment opportunities. This model assumes simultaneity in population and employment, so a two-stage least squares regression is used. The empirical evidence suggests that population is attracted to land with a conservation mandate, and that this population increases employment. There is also additional evidence that employment …
A Cost Effectiveness Analysis Of Preventative Mitigation Options For Wildland Urban Interface Homes Threatened By Wildfire, Keith Douglas Stockmann
A Cost Effectiveness Analysis Of Preventative Mitigation Options For Wildland Urban Interface Homes Threatened By Wildfire, Keith Douglas Stockmann
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Fire seasons in the western United States (US) during the years 2000-2006 have put issues surrounding structure protection from wildfires squarely in the public land management limelight with large amounts of money and firefighter exposure needed to protect residences from wildfire. No single modeling tool is currently capable of predicting wildfire ignition risk to WUI residences. This dissertation demonstrates the construction of an existing thirty-year wildfire hazard estimate at each house by pioneering a modeling system that combines results from a structure ignition assessment model (SIAM) with wildfire probability results from an ecological disturbance model (SIMPPLLE). Analysis of western Montana …
Effect Of Medicinal Herbal, Panax Notoginseng, On The Fate And Function Of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, Ava-Gaye Tania Rhule
Effect Of Medicinal Herbal, Panax Notoginseng, On The Fate And Function Of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, Ava-Gaye Tania Rhule
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) perform the essential task of integrating responses between the innate and adaptive immune system. Several approaches have been undertaken to manipulate the effects of APCs for therapeutic purposes. Panax notoginseng is a medicinal herb that is purported to possess a number of properties including modulation of the immune system. However, limited information exists on the effects and toxicities of this herbal on APCs. In this regard, we assessed the effects of Panax notoginseng on the fate and function of professional APCs in murine models using macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). APCs were stimulated with the toll-like …
Forests And Farming: An Analysis Of Rural Livelihood Programs For Poverty Reduction In Eastern Zambia, Garrett Kenneth Olson
Forests And Farming: An Analysis Of Rural Livelihood Programs For Poverty Reduction In Eastern Zambia, Garrett Kenneth Olson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This paper investigates the effectiveness of Joint Forest Management (JFM) and agricultural programs at reducing rural poverty in Zambia. Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs in Africa have been aimed at improving livelihoods, creating tangible benefits, and increasing incomes from forests and forest products through the sustainable use and conservation of forest resources. Agricultural programs have often had similar goals regarding improved livelihoods, benefits, food security, and income generation for soil conservation and reduced forest conversion due to agricultural expansion. With increased rates of deforestation and forest conversion, Zambia is in need of effective measures for the sustainable utilization and …
Legitimacy And The Use Of Natural Resources In Kruger National Park, South Africa, Randy Tanner
Legitimacy And The Use Of Natural Resources In Kruger National Park, South Africa, Randy Tanner
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Around the globe, protected area managers confront an increasingly complex web of interests and demands, expressed by a variety parties, that often compete or conflict. When an action concerning the governance and management of a protected area is infused with such complexity, decision-making requires an evaluation of that action's legitimacy. Most often, this evaluation is implicitly made rather than expressly articulated. The purpose of this dissertation was both to illustrate the importance and utility of explicitly evaluating legitimacy and to provide a conceptual framework for understanding how the legitimacy of protected area governance and management may be understood. To better …
Modeling The Cumulative Effects Of Forest Fire On Watershed Hydrology: A Post-Fire Application Of The Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (Dhsvm), Crystal S. Stonesifer
Modeling The Cumulative Effects Of Forest Fire On Watershed Hydrology: A Post-Fire Application Of The Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (Dhsvm), Crystal S. Stonesifer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (DHSVM) was applied to the Eightmile Creek watershed in western Montana. The purpose of this research was primarily to assess the applicability of the model as a cumulative effects assessment tool in the post-fire landscape of a forested watershed in this region. The model was first calibrated to the pre-fire watershed conditions using six years of historic streamflow data. DHSVM was able to accurately simulate the general shape of the measured hydrograph for each of the six simulated water years, and the normalized median absolute error statistics were below the target threshold of 50% for each …
Organizing Rural Communities For Effective Citizen Science Programs, Anna Dean Holden
Organizing Rural Communities For Effective Citizen Science Programs, Anna Dean Holden
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Citizen science, or the use of volunteers for scientific projects, is becoming a popular way for agencies and organizations to collect data. The benefits of citizen science include saving the agency or organization resources, educating the community about conservation issues, and promoting land stewardship. Currently, many citizen monitoring organizations are based in urban areas, whereas their projects are located near more rural towns. Research shows that demographics such as area of residence can be a factor in the public’s attitude toward any scientific or land management project (Williams et al, 2002; Kellert, 1978, 1985; Vaske et al, 2001). This fact …
Predicting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa) Range Expansion Near Missoula Montana Using Localized Climate And Elevation Data, William Frank Preston Cumming
Predicting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa) Range Expansion Near Missoula Montana Using Localized Climate And Elevation Data, William Frank Preston Cumming
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Since the 1920s spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) has adapted to a variety of habitats, including pastureland, rangeland, hay land, open forests, road sides, and ditches. In 2003 this plant species dominated more than five million acres in Montana, half of the total infestation of noxious weeds in the state. This project demonstrates the utility of using downscaled Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data for predicting vegetation movement within a 2°×2° geographical area surrounding Missoula County, Montana. This localized climate change data was correlated against current knapweed range using validation data from the Volunteer for Wilderness Program at the …
Remote Sensing Applications To Support Sustainable Natural Resource Management, Charles Kenneth Brewer
Remote Sensing Applications To Support Sustainable Natural Resource Management, Charles Kenneth Brewer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The original design of this dissertation project was relatively simple and straightforward. It was intended to produce one single, dynamic, classification and mapping system for existing vegetation that could rely on commonly available inventory and remote sensing data. This classification and mapping system was intended to provide the analytical basis for resource planning and management. The problems encountered during the first phase of the original design transformed this project into an extensive analysis of the nature of these problems and a decade-long remote sensing applications development endeavor. What evolved from this applications development process is a portion of what has …
Repair And Effects Of The 8-Oxog Lesion In Dna, James Joseph Covino
Repair And Effects Of The 8-Oxog Lesion In Dna, James Joseph Covino
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged in a condensed state with histone proteins. The minimal structural unit within packaged eukaryotic DNA is the nucleosome core particle (NCP). The NCP consists of a 146 bp DNA fragment wrapped around an octamer of histone core proteins. Nucleosome core particle formation induces DNA structural changes and reduced DNA accessibility providing a very different setting than that commonly modeled by in vitro studies. In vitro reconstituted NCP provide a controlled environment that more closely models eukaryotic DNA than studies using naked DNA. Reconstituted NCP studies of DNA damage have exhibited a spectrum of effects compared to …
Succession Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Causes, Consequences, And Considerations, Jeffrey Scott Piotrowski
Succession Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Causes, Consequences, And Considerations, Jeffrey Scott Piotrowski
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil fungi associations with the majority of terrestrial plants. These fungi may affect a wide range of ecosystem processes from primary productivity to soil stabilization. Understanding the patterns and controls of AMF abundance during succession soil will be critical to predicting and managing ecosystem development. The work presented in chapter 2 is the first to describe changes in the abundance of mycorrhizal types during development of an unregulated floodplain. These findings are important to floodplain regulation and management strategies as they suggest that flow regulation that limits early site formation will limit the ecosystem contributions …
Effects Of Long-Term Strenuous Exercise On Oxidative Dna Damage And Proteinuria In Humans, Nobuo Yasuda
Effects Of Long-Term Strenuous Exercise On Oxidative Dna Damage And Proteinuria In Humans, Nobuo Yasuda
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The purpose of this study consisting of three projects was to determine the effects of long-term strenuous exercise on oxidative DNA damage and proteinuria in trained individuals. In the first project, four successive triathlons accompanied by long-term training in a triathlete was chosen as the experimental design and procedure. In the second project, repeated 5-h bouts of cycling exercise at 52 %VO2peak and a 40 km time trial with carbohydrate and potential antioxidant supplementation (fenugreek seed extract) were carried out with trained individuals. In the third project, a wildland firefighting three-day work shift was conducted with active duty military personnel. …
Feminist Theories Of Autonomy And Their Implications For Rape Law Reform, Beth Ann Headley
Feminist Theories Of Autonomy And Their Implications For Rape Law Reform, Beth Ann Headley
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Liberal notions of autonomy have shaped our laws, and perhaps more importantly, the way we think about ourselves. In this paper, I discuss various theories of autonomy, and their problems—specifically their implications for understanding human subjects and their experiences. I am particularly concerned with the role of gender in these theories, and want to know whether women’s autonomy is meaningfully different than men’s autonomy—that is, if gender inequality significantly influences or determines women’s actual choices. In chapter one, I discuss Joel Feinberg’s liberal theory of autonomy, which describes an unhindered, self-governing agent, free to pursue his or her own goals. …
Beyond Organic: Defining Alternatives To Usda Certified Organic, Jennifer Ann Von Sehlen
Beyond Organic: Defining Alternatives To Usda Certified Organic, Jennifer Ann Von Sehlen
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Since the inception of the National Organic Program (NOP) housed within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the substantial growth of the organic food market has garnered both enthusiasm and criticism. While large farm operations and food companies boast a significant reduction in the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers as a result of more crop land being converted to organic production, small-scale organic farmers are feeling the financial pinch as industry takes over the once niche market. The USDA has received much criticism for defining organic in a way that appears to favor special interests, including industrial-size organic …
Cause Specific Mortality Of Desert Bighorn Sheep Lambs In The Fra Cristobal Mountains, New Mexico, Usa, Zachary David Parsons
Cause Specific Mortality Of Desert Bighorn Sheep Lambs In The Fra Cristobal Mountains, New Mexico, Usa, Zachary David Parsons
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) are an endangered species in New Mexico. Many of the small, isolated populations of desert bighorn are declining, and factors affecting their growth rates include low lamb recruitment and high mortality of adults due to cougar predation. No one has previously reported cause-specific mortality rates for desert bighorn lambs. My objectives were to determine the causes, extent, and timing of lamb mortality in the Fra Cristobal Mountains, New Mexico, USA. I tested 3 capture techniques during 2001 and 2002: approaching lambs on foot and restraining them by hand; jumping from a helicopter and restraining …
Characterization Of Long Pathlength Capillary Waveguides For Evanescent Fluorescence Applications, Eric Paprocki
Characterization Of Long Pathlength Capillary Waveguides For Evanescent Fluorescence Applications, Eric Paprocki
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The optical properties of a novel fused silica fiber-optic capillary waveguide (FOCap) for fluorescence spectroscopy were evaluated. Evanescent fluorescence from samples in the FOCap was measured by coupling the FOCap to a light source and a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The FOCap has negligible excitation light loss over long lengths (20 m or more) for a range of wavelengths. The evanescent fluorescence was linear up to at least 20 m for a solution in the core and up to at least 15 m for a fluorophore covalently attached to the inner surface. Evanescent fluorescence measurements in 50, 150, and 250 µm inner …
A Comprehensive Case Report Of University Of Montana Forensic Collection Case #141, Yasuko Takebe
A Comprehensive Case Report Of University Of Montana Forensic Collection Case #141, Yasuko Takebe
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
UMFC case #141 was acqired in spring 2006, as a commercially prepared anatomical specimen, reportedly from the Peoples Republic of China. It is a nealy complete skeleton that exhibits severe trauma of hte lower limbs. I reviewed the literature on methods of estimating age from the skeleton, because age is difficult to estimate for this case nad presents an interesting challenge. I then proceeded to estimate sex, ancestry, age, stature, and weight. I conclude that UMFC #141 is a White male, 39 to 45 years old, 5'0" to 5'4" in height, 110 to 161 pounds in weight. Healed fractures of …
Neuropsychological Correlates Of Borderline Personality Disorder, Christopher S. Miller
Neuropsychological Correlates Of Borderline Personality Disorder, Christopher S. Miller
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In the current study, participants with borderline personality disorder (BPD) displayed deficits in neuropsychological functioning when compared with healthy controls. Participants with BPD performed worse on all measures of cognitive functioning: attention, verbal memory, processing speed and a measure of general neuropsychological functioning. The study found that depression was significantly more prevalent in the BPD sample compared with the control sample and that there was a significant inverse correlation between level of depression and scores on a general index of neuropsychological functioning. Results from ANCOVA analyses revealed significant differences existed in neuropsychological performance on all four measures of cognitive functioning …
Pharmacological Modeling And Regulation Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (Eaats), Shailesh Ramjilal Agarwal
Pharmacological Modeling And Regulation Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (Eaats), Shailesh Ramjilal Agarwal
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
L-Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS that can mechanistically contribute to either neuronal signaling or neuronal pathology. Consequently, its concentration in the CNS must be carefully regulated, a critical need that is met by the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). The presence of at least five isoforms of EAATs raises interesting questions as to potential structural and functional differences among the subtypes. We have investigated possible differences in the ligand binding domains of the EAATs through the development of computationally based pharmacophore models. An EAAT2-specific model was created with four potent and selective ligands that act …
Pilot Study On The Prediction Of Heart Rot In Apparently Sound Western Larch, Angela Daenzer
Pilot Study On The Prediction Of Heart Rot In Apparently Sound Western Larch, Angela Daenzer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Since many cavity-excavating birds require trees with heart rot, managers routinely emphasize decayed trees in their snag retention prescriptions. Where too few trees are present with obvious indicators of decay, apparently sound trees are left to meet retention objectives. These trees may also contain decay, and may offer advantages in longevity and protection over more extensively decayed trees. Better information regarding conditions and heartwood decay-causing fungi important to heart rot in apparently sound trees would aid in retention decisions. We combined data from the 2003 Westside Reservoir and Roberts Fire burns with data from the USFS Forest Health Protection’s 10-year …
The Role Of Silicates In Interstitial Lung Disease, Francisco Jose Leyva
The Role Of Silicates In Interstitial Lung Disease, Francisco Jose Leyva
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Interstitial Lung disease (ILD), produces disruption of alveolar walls with loss of functionality and accumulation of scar tissue. Asbestosis and silicosis are the ILD produced by the inhalation of asbestos fibers or silica particles respectively. An increase in prostacyclin release after exposing endothelial cells to asbestos has been reported. This study attempts to elucidate the role of lung epithelial cells in the generation of asbestos induced ILD. A cell model to study crocidolite-induced toxicity was developed using LA-4 cells, previously characterized as alveolar type II cells. LA-4 cells when exposed to crocidolite had a decrease in viability and an increase …
The Role Of Zinc And Reactive Oxygen Species In The Regulation Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Jason Michael Wilham
The Role Of Zinc And Reactive Oxygen Species In The Regulation Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Jason Michael Wilham
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a very serious disease affecting nearly 5 in 1000 newborns each year. The development of PPHN has been linked to a decrease in the activity and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Thus, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which eNOS is regulated to identify new pathways and novel therapies for PPHN. eNOS is dynamically regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and developmental levels, however mechanisms of this regulation are unresolved. Our data indicates that increases in eNOS expression and activity correlate with increased cellular levels of labile zinc …
Spatial And Temporal Relationships Of Adult Male Black Bears To Roads In Northwest Montana, 2003-2004, Tonya Chilton-Radandt
Spatial And Temporal Relationships Of Adult Male Black Bears To Roads In Northwest Montana, 2003-2004, Tonya Chilton-Radandt
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Chilton-Radandt, Tonya. M.S., Autumn 2006 Spatial and Temporal Relationships of Adult Male Black Bears to Roads in Northwest Montana Chairperson: Dr. Elizabeth Crone Roads have direct and indirect consequences for wildlife. Vehicle collisions are a direct cost of roads on wildlife. Indirectly, roads may increase mortality of game species by increasing hunting pressure along these roads. Adult male black bears (Ursus americanus) are the most desirable age and sex class to many hunters, which may lead to over-harvest of this sex and age class. Road closures (permanently closing or seasonally restricting roads) are used to mitigate impacts of roads on …
The Importance And Seasonal Variation Of Terrestrial Invertebrates As Prey For Juvenile Salmonids On The Kol River Floodplain, Kamchatka, Russian Federation, Lorri Eberle
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Eberle, Lorri C., M.S., Spring 2007 Biological Science The Importance and Seasonal Variation of Terrestrial Invertebrates as Prey for Juvenile Salmonids on the Kol River Floodplain, Kamchatka, Russia Committee Chair: Dr. Jack Stanford Fluxes of energy and resources from one system to another across an interface can play a major role in the structure and function of the food web of the receiving system. Floodplain spring brooks have a particularly high interface value and host high densities of juvenile fish likely seeking refuge from predators, high velocity water, and stressful temperatures. We propose that one potential reason that these systems …