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Articles 901 - 930 of 4081
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Multi-Scale Hydrogeomorphic Influences On Bull Trout Spawning Habitat In Snowmelt-Dominated Headwater Streams, Jared Robinson Bean
Multi-Scale Hydrogeomorphic Influences On Bull Trout Spawning Habitat In Snowmelt-Dominated Headwater Streams, Jared Robinson Bean
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
I investigated relationships between geomorphology, hydrogeology, and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) redd occurrence and density at multiple spatial scales in gravel-bed, pool-riffle, snowmelt dominated headwater streams of northwestern Montana. Subreach redd occurrence tended to be associated with the finest available textural facies. In subreach streambed sections hosting bull trout redds, redd density was significantly (at α=0.05) positively related to bankfull Shields stress (τ*bf, p=0.04) and bankfull Shields stress adjusted for grain stress only (τ**bf, p=0.02). In stream reaches hosting bull trout redds, reach-average redd density was significantly positively related to reach-average τ**bf (p=0.02) and reach-average streambed grain size (D16, p=0.01; …
Ecological Causes Of Life History Variation Tested By Meta-Analysis, Comparison, And Experimental Approaches, Daniel Croft Barton
Ecological Causes Of Life History Variation Tested By Meta-Analysis, Comparison, And Experimental Approaches, Daniel Croft Barton
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The ecological causes of life history variation among taxa and the arrangement of such variation along geographic gradients is enigmatic despite the proximity of life history traits to fitness and implications for understanding basic and applied population ecology. One classic explanation for the arrangement of avian life histories along a `slow-fast' gradient, where species at low latitudes have `slow' life history traits (low fecundity and mortality) and species at high latitudes have `fast' life history traits (high fecundity and mortality), is the increase in seasonality of resources with increasing latitude (Ashmole's hypothesis). Despite broad acceptance, this hypothesis has been supported …
Language Change In Spanish Heritage Speakers: The Interaction Between Lexical And Grammatical Aspect, Jackelyn Kelly Van Buren
Language Change In Spanish Heritage Speakers: The Interaction Between Lexical And Grammatical Aspect, Jackelyn Kelly Van Buren
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis focuses on preterit and imperfect usage in the Spanish of Chilean-American heritage speakers. Spanish heritage speakers in the United States are second generation bilinguals who learn Spanish in the home from Spanish speaking parents and learn English from school and the community (Montrul 2002; Rothman 2007). When societal factors limit heritage language exposure, tense and aspect morphology is susceptible to change (Guijarro-Fuentes & Clibbens 2004). Findings of a study on 11 Chilean-American heritage speakers show that production of the preterit is overextending, resulting in less frequent use of the imperfect. Large-scale studies of US Spanish-English bilinguals’ use of …
Rescoring The Montana Risk Assessment Instrument: A Comparison Of Methods, Patrick David Mckay
Rescoring The Montana Risk Assessment Instrument: A Comparison Of Methods, Patrick David Mckay
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The purpose of this research is to examine alternate ways to add meaningful weights to the risk factors on the Montana Risk Assessment Instrument (RAI). An evaluation is made which compares the predictive accuracy of a revised scoring system compared to the one that is currently in use. The data for this analysis is taken from 299 Montana juveniles who were administered the RAI after an offense, between January 01, 2009 to December 31, 2010. The results are based on a Burgess model, a linear probability model, and a logistic regression model. The findings suggest that all three models increased …
Spectral Identification Of Wild Rice (Zizania Palustris L.) Using Indigenous Knowledge And Landsat Multispectral Data, Michael Wassegijig Price
Spectral Identification Of Wild Rice (Zizania Palustris L.) Using Indigenous Knowledge And Landsat Multispectral Data, Michael Wassegijig Price
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Landsat-7 ETM+ (SLC-off) multispectral satellite imagery was tested to identify and delineate natural stands of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) from other aquatic vegetation growing on area lakes of the Leech Lake Native American reservation in northern Minnesota. Leech Lake is located within the Mississippi River Headwaters drainage ecosystem and contains some of the largest natural stands of wild rice in the country. Local indigenous knowledge; in this case, the knowledge of Ojibwe tribal elders who have traditionally harvested wild rice by canoe for centuries, was utilized to build training data polygons for a supervised classification. By testing several supervised …
Subjective Quality Of Life In Dialysis Patients, Cindy Schaumberg
Subjective Quality Of Life In Dialysis Patients, Cindy Schaumberg
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
With the ever increasing ability of medical technology to prolong life, quality of life is an increasingly legitimate medical outcome. This is an ethnographic study on the perceived quality of life of hemodialysis dependent end stage renal disease patients. The study used participant observations and in-depth patient interviews to elicit the perspective of hemodialysis dependent end stage renal disease patients. Findings addressed the utility of dialysis for patients of, patient values leading to renal replacement therapy, and issues that might make patients perceive treatment as futile.
Assessing The Role Of Shame And Honor During The Alta Conflict, Michael T. Bremmer
Assessing The Role Of Shame And Honor During The Alta Conflict, Michael T. Bremmer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
For nearly a century the Sami peoples of Norway were subject to colonial policies of assimilation and integration. According to historians of the Sami, colonial processes stigmatized Sami individuals and the Sami culture, producing feelings of shame. The concept of shame, for both individuals and groups, centers on experiencing fear, pain, and/or uneasiness, and requires a judging audience. Honor is about individuals transcending self-interest and the need for individuals and groups to acquire self-esteem for that purpose; it also requires a judging audience. Concepts of shame and honor played an important role during the Alta conflict; a watershed moment in …
Anomalous Wave Dispersion In The Cyclohexanedione-Bromate Chemical Oscillator, Ryan Boger
Anomalous Wave Dispersion In The Cyclohexanedione-Bromate Chemical Oscillator, Ryan Boger
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
A modified six-variable Oregonator model presented here successfully reproduces a significant portion of the behavior observed in the Ferroin-catalyzed cyclohexanedione variant of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (CHD-BZ) reaction. The phenomena of anomalous velocity dispersion (in which following waves may catch up to, rather than fall behind an initial excitation wave), wave-stacking, and backfiring have been successfully reproduced numerically as resulting from non-monotonic [Br-] decay to the steady state in the wake of an excitation pulse. The non-monotonic decay is seen as a "dip" in [Br-] following the passage of a chemical wave. This dip in [Br-] decay curve allows a following wave …
Simplifying The Campus Experience Through Mobility, Corrine Erin Olson
Simplifying The Campus Experience Through Mobility, Corrine Erin Olson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The student experience at the University of Montana is rewarding, but uniquely challenging due to the size of the campus and the nature of many of the buildings. My goal is to design a project to simplify the life of the average student by providing a mobile application built for the Android platform. The project will provide students with tools to facilitate their educational experience and life on campus. This application will display the campus map and the user's location based on the phone's GPS or wireless controller using the Google Maps API. The map will allow users to pull …
What They Consider, How They Decide: Best Practices Of Technical Experts In Environmental Decision-Making, Cassandra J. Hemphill
What They Consider, How They Decide: Best Practices Of Technical Experts In Environmental Decision-Making, Cassandra J. Hemphill
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Drawing from qualitative data gathered from environmental management professionals, this paper describes best practices for decision-making in environmental clean-up. Technical experts are knowledgeable about both cultural and technical rationality and employ both, as appropriate, to achieve more robust decisions. Experts use active, passive, and interactive communicative strategies to reduce uncertainties and manage tensions. Deliberation is used to achieve robust decisions. The analysis suggests that organizations can improve acceptability of decisions by authorizing experts to incorporate cultural rationality early in the decision process.
Wilderness, A Spiritual Antidote To The Everyday: A Phenomenology Of Spiritual Experiences In The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Ian Foster
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The purpose of this study was to explore, describe, and explain the phenomena of spiritual experiences in wilderness. The motivations for the research included: growing interest in empirical studies on the relationship between spirituality and human health, increasing concern over human’s loss of spiritual relationships with nature, and personal curiosity about the wild and spiritual nature of wilderness experiences. Research was focused on overnight visitors traveling by canoe in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of northeastern Minnesota. Data from thirty-two semi-structured interviews was used to question, update, and improve understanding of the phenomena. Phenomenological interviews (interviews that situate comments …
Cuts In A Prism: A Multi-Genre Exploration Of Growth As Writer, Teacher And Human, Wendy Zagray Warren
Cuts In A Prism: A Multi-Genre Exploration Of Growth As Writer, Teacher And Human, Wendy Zagray Warren
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
ABSTRACT Warren, Wendy Zagray, M.A., Summer 2012 Integrated Arts and Education Cuts in a Prism: A Multi-Genre Exploration of Growth as Writer, Teacher and Human Chairperson: Dr. Jillian Campana A meditation about how writing can be used as markers of personal and professional growth, this project brings together poems, articles, essays and reflections written over the past four years, woven together with threads of commentary. Taken together, they form a narrative of maturation, as the author’s world opens to more consciously include the perspectives of others. Based on a metaphor of a prism, where each cut represents a given perspective …
A Comparison Of Metadiscourse Markers And Writing Quality In Adolescent Written Narratives, Susan Gold Sanford
A Comparison Of Metadiscourse Markers And Writing Quality In Adolescent Written Narratives, Susan Gold Sanford
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Discourse, a series of sentences that communicates a topic, consists of two distinct yet connected components. The first element is the propositional content or the meaning of the sentences, and the second consists of the words and expressions that enhance the communicative efficiency and effectiveness of the factual message. Metadiscourse markers, members of the second linguistic category, guide the reader through the text and establish a means for the writer to interact or influence the reader. The use of metadiscourse in writing and speaking embodies the concept that communication is more than just the exchange of information, facts, and figures. …
Internal Facies Architecture Of A Regressive To Transgressive Wave-Dominated Delta In The Upper Cretaceous Eagle Formation, South-Central Montana, Eleanor Spangler
Internal Facies Architecture Of A Regressive To Transgressive Wave-Dominated Delta In The Upper Cretaceous Eagle Formation, South-Central Montana, Eleanor Spangler
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Santonian-Campanian Eagle Formation in south-central Montana was deposited along the western margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway and is composed of a series of well preserved regressive and transgressive deposits. This study documents the depositional evolution of the informal lower member of the Eagle Formation exposed near Billings, MT. Detailed mapping and characterization of the internal stratigraphy, facies architecture, and bounding surfaces of the lower Eagle provide the basis for reconstruction of a paleodelta system that serves as a valuable reservoir analog within the Cretaceous Seaway and elsewhere. This study demonstrates that the informal lower member of the …
Analysis Of Special Education Mediations In Texas, 2006-08, Diana Lane Davison
Analysis Of Special Education Mediations In Texas, 2006-08, Diana Lane Davison
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The purpose of this study was to explore variables which might influence the frequency of Texas special education mediations used for dispute resolution. Variables such as district size, location, economic level, and the State Accountability Rating were investigated and evaluated. In order to determine if there were any relationships between the frequency of mediation and the variables, data were collected from the Texas Education Agency and district websites. It was then analyzed for insight into trends. The research drew conclusions about mediations and the variables in order to ensure that school administrators were better prepared to assess and implement appropriate …
Functional Encryption As Mediated Obfuscation, Robert Perry Hooker
Functional Encryption As Mediated Obfuscation, Robert Perry Hooker
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
We introduce a new model for program obfuscation, called mediated obfuscation. A mediated obfuscation is a 3-party protocol for evaluating an obfuscated program that requires minimal interaction and limited trust. The party who originally supplies the obfuscated program need not be online when the client wants to evaluate the program. A semi-trusted third-party mediator allows the client to evaluate the program, while learning nothing about the obfuscated program or the client’s inputs and outputs. Mediated obfuscation would provide the ability for a software vendor to safely outsource the less savory aspects (like accounting of usage statistics, and remaining online to …
Genetic Structure And Disease Prevalence Of Boreal Toads (Bufo Boreas) In Glacier National Park, Brett Rebekah Addis
Genetic Structure And Disease Prevalence Of Boreal Toads (Bufo Boreas) In Glacier National Park, Brett Rebekah Addis
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Amphibians are more threatened than any other vertebrate group, with 41% of species experiencing declines. The causes of most declines are not well understood, though many declines have been linked to the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis. Additionally, amphibians are physiologically constrained to moist habitats and considered poor dispersers; thus, they may suffer genetic consequences of population isolation. To address threats to the persistence of boreal toads (Bufo boreas) in Glacier National Park, USA, I genotyped 551 individuals at 11 microsatellite loci and used spatially independent (STRUCTURE) and spatially explicit (GENELAND) Bayesian methods to describe population genetic structure and identify barriers …
Are Perceptions Reality? A Look At Subjective Well-Being In East Timor, Emily Klungtvedt
Are Perceptions Reality? A Look At Subjective Well-Being In East Timor, Emily Klungtvedt
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Subjective well-being has been of growing interest over the past several years for multiple reasons. One reason is that this model gives an idea of the importance of the determinants (education, employment, etc.) of individual life satisfaction. But the question arises, does the relative importance of each explanatory variable in the subjective well-being model match the relative importance of individual’s perceptions of the most important factors to increase overall life satisfaction? For example, if the model suggests that employment status is the most important factor for improving subjective well-being do people perceive this to be true as well? This study …
Mapping A Historic Bitterroot Valley, Montana Landscape Using General Land Office Surveyors' Field Notes, Karen M. Shelly
Mapping A Historic Bitterroot Valley, Montana Landscape Using General Land Office Surveyors' Field Notes, Karen M. Shelly
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The late 1800s Bitterroot Valley, Montana, landscape and settlement patterns were summarized and mapped using the General Land Office (GLO) surveyors' field notes. Surveyors' observations of six townships from Hamilton to the Stevensville vicinity were examined in several ways. A total of 3321 points of ecological and geographic information and 422 miles of vegetation were mapped from the field notes. Surveyor information, vegetation composition, tree abundance, vegetation spatial structure and distribution of vegetation types were characterized in a multi-part historic vegetation data assemblage of point, line and polygon feature classes. Aquatic, topographic and cultural aspects of the area contributed to …
Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks In High Elevation Whitebark Pine Forests: The Effects Of Tree Host Species And Blister Rust Infection Severity On Beetle Productivity, Edith Mary Dooley
Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks In High Elevation Whitebark Pine Forests: The Effects Of Tree Host Species And Blister Rust Infection Severity On Beetle Productivity, Edith Mary Dooley
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In recent years, the mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) has caused dramatic levels of mortality of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). This keystone and foundation tree species is also being killed by the exotic fungus, Cronartium ribicola, which causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). This study examines MPB productivity in whitebark pine compared to that in lodgepole pine, and also in whitebark pine of varying WPBR infection severities to determine if either of these host factors contributes to the current, dramatic MPB outbreaks in whitebark pine. To evaluate host tree effects on MPB, I tracked attack densities, emergence …
Northern River Otter Population Assessment And Connectivity In Western Montana, Darin Edward Newton
Northern River Otter Population Assessment And Connectivity In Western Montana, Darin Edward Newton
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Northern river otters (Lontra canadensis) are elusive and difficult to monitor, and little is known about their movement patterns or how populations are structured on the landscape. Otters are sensitive to degradation of aquatic systems, mostly due to loss of prey. This is evident in the Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR), Montana, which has been polluted from decades of mining activity. My objectives for this project were to determine otter population substructuring and connectivity in western Montana and Idaho, and produce a habitat assessment and population estimate for otters in the UCFR. I used genotypic data from otter tissue samples …
Phonological Awareness Skill Of Segmenting In Bilingual English/Spanish Speaking 4- And 5-Year-Old Children, Kate Lorraine Mckay
Phonological Awareness Skill Of Segmenting In Bilingual English/Spanish Speaking 4- And 5-Year-Old Children, Kate Lorraine Mckay
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Abstract Segmenting, the ability to pull apart words into their smaller linguistic units, is a known predictor of early literacy. This study investigated the segmenting skills (a component of phonological awareness PA), in bilingual English/Spanish-speaking 4-and 5-year-old children at the levels of syllable, onset-rime and phoneme. The results of this study were then compared to a previous study that explored PA skill development in monolingual English speaking children of the same ages. The comparative analysis explores how bilingualism impacts PA skill development. This study examined the segmenting skills of 31 bilingual students who attended a Spanish immersion school, the majority …
Ab Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Via Raft-Mediated Polymerization As A Pseudostationary Phase For Electrokinetic Chromatography, Andre Umansky
Ab Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Via Raft-Mediated Polymerization As A Pseudostationary Phase For Electrokinetic Chromatography, Andre Umansky
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) is a powerful analytical technique where analytes are separated according to their interactions with the pseudostationary and mobile phases within an electric field. Pseudostationary phases (PSPs) are an integral part of EKC and currently there are a limited number of PSPs available. As the fields of medicinal, environmental, and forensics chemistry grow, the necessity for PSPs with varied selectivity and high efficiencies becomes apparent. Until recently, polymeric synthesis of novel PSPs has been difficult due to the lack of control in structure and size distribution. Recent developments in polymeric synthesis, utilizing the Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) …
Conserving Montana's Sagebrush Highway: Long Distance Migration In Sage-Grouse, Rebecca Elizabeth Smith
Conserving Montana's Sagebrush Highway: Long Distance Migration In Sage-Grouse, Rebecca Elizabeth Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Landscape conservation is the mechanism for conserving migratory wildlife in sagebrush ecosystems. We study further a greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter ‘sage-grouse’) population with the longest-known annual migration, a 240-km journey between summer range in north central Montana, USA, and Saskatchewan, Canada, to winter range north of the Missouri River. We learned more about grouse migration by asking: Do birds fly quickly through a corridor, or do they use stopover habitats within a larger migratory pathway? New GPS-tracking technology revealed that migrating grouse frequent stopover habitats along multiple routes that coalesce to form an integrated pathway. A month-long fall migration …
Influence Of Positive Expectancies And Adaptive Goal Investment On Relationship Abuse, Geniel H. Armstrong
Influence Of Positive Expectancies And Adaptive Goal Investment On Relationship Abuse, Geniel H. Armstrong
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics 21.5% of women and 3.6% of men were identified as victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) between 2001 and 2005 (Catalano, 2007). However, it is likely that these are underestimated rates due to un-reported incidents of IPV. A national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention found that 35.6% of women and 28.5% of men reported having experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner at some time in their life (Black, Basile, Breiding, Smith, Walters et al., 2011). Several attempts have been made to address the problem …
Classifying Emotion Using Streaming Of Physiological Correlates Of Emotion, Nathan J. Elmore
Classifying Emotion Using Streaming Of Physiological Correlates Of Emotion, Nathan J. Elmore
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The ability for a computer to recognize emotions would have many uses. In the field of human-computer interaction, it would be useful if computers could sense if a user is frustrated and offer help (Lisetti & Nasoz, 2002), or it could be used in cars to predict stress or road rage (Nasoz, Lisetti, & Vasilakos, 2010). Also, it has uses in the medical field with emotional therapy or monitoring patients (Rebenitsch, Owen, Brohil, Biocca, & Ferydiansyah, 2010). Emotion recognition is a complex subject that combines psychology and computer science, but it is not a new problem. When the question was …
Integrating Regional Arts In The Interior Design Curriculum At Great Falls College Montana State University, Julie B. Myers
Integrating Regional Arts In The Interior Design Curriculum At Great Falls College Montana State University, Julie B. Myers
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Myers, Julie, M.A., Summer 2012 Master of Arts in Fine Arts Integrating Regional Arts into the Interior Design Curriculum at Great Falls College Montana State University Chairperson: Randy Bolton, Ph.D. Ideas explored in the Creative Pulse included the 8 Studio Habits of Mind from Studio Thinking and various approaches to teaching based on theories that humans have multiple types of intelligences and learning styles. The topic of play as a way to learn was also explored. This project was designed to increase creativity and personal motivation for the two-year college interior design student. A series of Regional Arts Enrichment Segments …
An Analysis Of Retention Factors In Undergraduate Degree Programs In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics, Mike H. Johnson
An Analysis Of Retention Factors In Undergraduate Degree Programs In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics, Mike H. Johnson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This mixed-methodological study explored the factors that predict a student's likelihood to complete an undergraduate program in a STEM discipline at one campus reliant upon that mission. Offered in response to a national imperative for the U.S. to compete globally, researchers contend educators must better prepare a STEM foundation and inspire STEM careers. This study employed a quantitative and qualitative approach to (a) identify key indicators of success for students entering a STEM discipline, (b) determine that living in the residence hall had an impact on success, and (c) identify quantifiable drop-out rationale for students who did not complete their …
States' Investment In Human Capital: Higher Education Funding Effort, Elena Garrison
States' Investment In Human Capital: Higher Education Funding Effort, Elena Garrison
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Diminishing state support for higher education threatens human capital development. This quantitative study undertook to determine the state factors that influence higher education funding and to what degree they do so, what level of funding is required to satisfy higher education expenditure need, and what can help to ensure that those funding needs are met. The focus of the study was the 15 WICHE states, with special attention to the situation in Montana. The states in the study varied dramatically in their fiscal capacity to generate the revenue needed to support public services, a capacity influenced by state resource endowment, …
Natural Disasters, Brittany Beth Barr
Natural Disasters, Brittany Beth Barr
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Six stories.