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Geoarchaeological Assessment Of Horseshoe Cave (24rb1094, Rosebud County, Montana, Norman Bernard Smyers
Geoarchaeological Assessment Of Horseshoe Cave (24rb1094, Rosebud County, Montana, Norman Bernard Smyers
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Horseshoe Cave is located south of Ashland, Montana and at the northern end of the Powder River Basin. Its earliest documented human use and occupation dates to 2,000 years before the present. Evidence of that past use and occupation includes diagnostic bone and stone tools, hearth features and animal remains. The geoarchaeological investigation of this sandstone cave site reveals the cave host rocks to be sandstones of the Tongue River Member of the Early Tertiary Fort Union Formation. Results of the geoarchaeological inquiry demonstrate that a difference in the calcite cementation between the two host sandstone units is the leading …
How Ch-Paa-Qn Got It's Name: A Sixth-Grade Geography Curriculum Unit For Indian Education For All In Montana, Mary Elizabeth Nellis
How Ch-Paa-Qn Got It's Name: A Sixth-Grade Geography Curriculum Unit For Indian Education For All In Montana, Mary Elizabeth Nellis
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Nellis, Mary, M.A., Summer 2013 Geography How Ch-Paa-Qn Got Its Name: A Sixth-Grade Geography Curriculum Unit for Indian Education for All in Montana Chair: Sarah J. Halvorson This thesis reports on the design and implementation of a sixth-grade geography curriculum based on Montana House Bill 412 (HB412), a bill whereby the legislature mandated the removal of the word “squaw” from public places in Montana. The framework for this unit is founded on place-based education principles and is tailored to fit within the concepts of Indian Education for All as mandated in the Montana State Constitution. Furthermore, as a place-based unit …
Impacts Of Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak On Biogeochemical Cycling In A High Elevation Whitebark Pine Ecosystem, Megan Keville
Impacts Of Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak On Biogeochemical Cycling In A High Elevation Whitebark Pine Ecosystem, Megan Keville
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Ecological disturbances can significantly impact biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, but the effects of the current widespread mountain pine beetle outbreak on ecosystem processes like carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are poorly understood. This is especially true in high elevation whitebark pine (WbP) (Pinus albicaulis) ecosystems of western North America. WbP has been described as a keystone species, providing a critical food source and regulating hydrologic regimes. However, widespread WbP mortality caused by the mountain pine beetle drives structural and physiological changes in WbP forests, which could result in shifts in pools and fluxes of C and N within …
La Fotografía De Un País En Tres Obras De Laura Restrepo, Nancy Pinzón
La Fotografía De Un País En Tres Obras De Laura Restrepo, Nancy Pinzón
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
La violencia en Colombia es un problema que lleva más de sesenta años. Siempre se ha hablado de la “Época de la violencia” como los años de la guerra entre conservadores y liberales que se inició con el asesinato del líder liberal Jorge Eliecer Gaitán en abril de 1948. Sin embargo, esa época no tuvo un final, ella fue simplemente la introducción a una forma de vida a la cual los colombianos se han acostumbrado, la violencia. Esta violencia sin tregua ha sido tema importante en la narrativa contemporánea. Desde los años noventas hemos visto la incursión en ese campo …
The Center Of A Homesteading Community In Northwest Montana: Archaeological Investigations On The Polebridge Schoolhouse, Alexander J. Kroll
The Center Of A Homesteading Community In Northwest Montana: Archaeological Investigations On The Polebridge Schoolhouse, Alexander J. Kroll
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In the summer of 2010, I excavated the remnants of a historic one-roomed schoolhouse near Polebridge, Montana, just outside of Glacier National Park. The schoolhouse’s recovered artifacts represent a lively community of homesteaders residing in the North Fork Valley of the Flathead River during the early 20th century. 3,704 individual artifacts in the form of metal, glass, ceramic and faunal remains, tell of life during this time period. The research goals of this thesis have three objectives: 1) the historical record often depicts schoolhouses as serving as public space for the community, the archaeological record can be used to corroborate …
The Effect Of Photocycle On Self-Control In Betta Splendens, Kathryn Gwen Lamp
The Effect Of Photocycle On Self-Control In Betta Splendens, Kathryn Gwen Lamp
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The present study examined the effect of varying light cycles on self-control in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). The subjects included 16 male Betta splendens, and instrumental choice trials were run. A subject began each trial in the start box and, when a guillotine divider door was lifted, entered one side of a divided terminus. The checkerboard side of the choice door represented either the smaller, more immediate choice (SS) or the larger, more delayed choice (LL). When the subject had entered one side of the goal box, the guillotine divider door was lowered and the subject was given food …
Natural Disasters, Brittany Beth Barr
Natural Disasters, Brittany Beth Barr
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Six stories.
Real Live Girls And Other Stories, Emily Karen Jones
Real Live Girls And Other Stories, Emily Karen Jones
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This is a collection of short stories.
Paraffin: An Economic And Ecological Alternative For Bone Conservation, Victoria E. Luksha
Paraffin: An Economic And Ecological Alternative For Bone Conservation, Victoria E. Luksha
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Fragile bone materials are ubiquitous in archaeological museum and forensic settings. Although there are many chemical and industrial options for conservation, these may adversely affect the bone objects undergoing preservative treatment. Here, paraffin is explored as a biologically friendly alternative to bone material conservation. Modern domestic pig ribs were subjected to paraffin treatment and then to isotopic analysis to quantify and investigate the chemical effects of paraffin. Although the results showed that paraffin had a limited impact, the sample size proved too small to display the definitive parameters of paraffin’s effects. The results were nevertheless compelling enough to warrant more …
Corticosterone As A Mediator Of The Tradeoff Between Survival And Reproduction, Stephen Harold Patterson
Corticosterone As A Mediator Of The Tradeoff Between Survival And Reproduction, Stephen Harold Patterson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Organisms cannot simultaneously maximize their investment in survival and reproductive success, thus these traits are said to trade off against one another. The physiological mechanisms that help guide these investment decisions are not fully understood. Stress-induced corticosterone is a strong candidate mechanism, because it is thought to promote survival-oriented behavior and physiology at the expense of non-critical functions such as reproduction. In this dissertation, I studied multiple components of corticosterone physiology (baseline corticosterone and stress-induced corticosterone) in several species of passerine birds to address this question from a variety of angels. I first provide direct support for corticosterone playing a …
The Columbia Gardens Amusement Park: Company Sponsored Community In Butte, Montana, Matthew R. Carl
The Columbia Gardens Amusement Park: Company Sponsored Community In Butte, Montana, Matthew R. Carl
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In 1899, William A. Clark, one of Butte, Montana’s famous “Copper Kings,” purchased 21 acres of land east of Butte, on which he created the Columbia Gardens amusement park. Clark ran his park at personal expense, refusing to charge admission and regularly offering special deals so that Butte residents, particularly children, could enjoy the park. After Clark’s death in 1925, his estate sold most of his Montana holdings, including the Columbia Gardens, to the Anaconda Copper Mining Company in 1928. Without the sentimental attachment to the park that Clark had had, the fact that the Columbia Gardens was not created …
Evaluating Repeat Photography In Documenting Natural And Cultural Landscape Changes: A Changing Crown Of The Continent Ecosystem Between 1899 And 2010, Dusty Leigh Waltner
Evaluating Repeat Photography In Documenting Natural And Cultural Landscape Changes: A Changing Crown Of The Continent Ecosystem Between 1899 And 2010, Dusty Leigh Waltner
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Photography can be an invaluable tool in human geographical research, for example, to better understand the importance of place to people. Increasingly, geographers are looking at how photography can play an active role in the construction of geographical knowledge, that is, how photographs are seen rather than what they show. This study examines the use of repeat photography as a research method by conducting a case study on landscape change in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. Grounded in extensive archival research on the past, present, and future uses of photography as a research method, a repeat photography survey was …
Listen To The Bones: An Analysis Of The Variation Within The Faunal Remains At The Bridge River Site, Ogden Wyatt Ward
Listen To The Bones: An Analysis Of The Variation Within The Faunal Remains At The Bridge River Site, Ogden Wyatt Ward
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Analysis of faunal material from the 2008 and 2009 excavations at the Bridge River site (EeR14) show that variation exists within the assemblages, particularly through time between the occupation phases of Bridge River 2 and Bridge River 3. The data show that reliance on anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) remain an important food source between Bridge River (BR) 2 and Bridge River 3 occupation phases, while reliance on important secondary resources, particularly deer (odocoileus sp.) increases. A shift in the distribution of elements from deer remains suggests a change in subsistence strategies that were used to harvest theses animals. It is …
Microbial Community Assembly And Diversification Of The Genus Chloroflexus Along An Alkaline Hot Spring Gradient, Michael Louis Weltzer
Microbial Community Assembly And Diversification Of The Genus Chloroflexus Along An Alkaline Hot Spring Gradient, Michael Louis Weltzer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This research aims to achieve a greater understanding of the structure of bacterial communities present in alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. I focus specifically on White Creek and Rabbit Creek in the Lower Geyser Basin. I show that, overall, the bacterial communities of both creeks are non-randomly assembled. However, at finer taxonomic scales, bacterial groups differ in their community assembly patterns. Specifically, phototrophic groups show the strongest evidence for non-random assembly, most likely due to competition for light. A major exception to this pattern is the genus Chloroflexus, a major member of these communities. Members of this genus …
A Case Study Of Problems And Possibilities In The Establishment Of A Guide Training Institute In Uttarakhand, India, Benjamin Schwartz
A Case Study Of Problems And Possibilities In The Establishment Of A Guide Training Institute In Uttarakhand, India, Benjamin Schwartz
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This project sought to explore the problems and possibilities experienced during the establishment of a guide training institute in Uttarakhand, India. As originally proposed by the Mountain Shepherds Initiative, a small tourism organization based in Uttarakhand, the aim of the guide training institute was to provide participants with the knowledge and skills needed to gain employment as guides within, and expand the extent of, high quality/low quantity birdwatching tourism within northern Uttarakhand. This project was undertaken in conjunction with the Mountain Shepherds Initiative and the problems and possibilities were identified during a six month stay in the region from May-November, …
Assessing Efficacy Of Restoration Treatments In Juniper Savannas Using Spatial Wavelets And Dot Grids On Aerial Photography, Erik James Apland
Assessing Efficacy Of Restoration Treatments In Juniper Savannas Using Spatial Wavelets And Dot Grids On Aerial Photography, Erik James Apland
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Across much of their diverse natural range in the Western US, species of the genus juniperus are expanding onto open grass and shrublands and infilling open woodland areas. In Southern Arizona’s Clifton Ranger District, landscape-scale restoration treatments have been used to stall this expansion and reduce canopy-cover. This study utilizes and compares two techniques – dot- grid sampling and spatial wavelet analysis (SWA) – to estimate the efficacy of these treatments by measuring canopy-cover change pre-and post-treatment. Further, using the SWA dataset, the study explores the potential of SWA for landscape-scale ecological attribute estimation. This study found that restoration treatments …
Can Sheep Control Leafy Spurge Without Compromising Efforts To Restore Native Plants?, Eva S. Masin
Can Sheep Control Leafy Spurge Without Compromising Efforts To Restore Native Plants?, Eva S. Masin
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis includes two studies on the ecological effects of using sheep to control Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge). While sheep can effectively reduce E. esula when used as a long-term management strategy, little is known about their impacts on native plants. The efficacy of sheep grazing for restoration depends both on its potential for controlling undesirable plants and its ability to promote native species that provide key ecosystem goods and services. I investigated the effects of sheep grazing on native plants at both seed and mature-plant stages. To assess impacts on seedling establishment, I measured density of forb and graminoid …
Painting For The Eye: Carle Vanloo's Drunken Silenus And The 18th Century French Academy, Anna Buxton
Painting For The Eye: Carle Vanloo's Drunken Silenus And The 18th Century French Academy, Anna Buxton
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Buxton, Anna, M.A., Spring 2012 Major Art Painting for the Eye: Carle Vanloo’s Drunken Silenus and the 18th Century French Academy Chairperson: Dr. Valerie Hedquist In 1747, newly appointed Directeur general des Bâtiments du Roi, Charles – François Le Normand de Tournehem organized a concours, or competition, in the French Royal Academy. He hoped to reinvigorate history painting at a time when Rococo themes dominated. With this challenge before him, Tournehem invited ten of the better known academic painters to produce works which challenged the norms of the popular frivolous style. De Tournehem expected edifying subject matter, such as the …
Staphylococcus Aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (Pvl) Alters Human Neutrophil Viability And Function, Shawna Graves
Staphylococcus Aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (Pvl) Alters Human Neutrophil Viability And Function, Shawna Graves
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are the leading cause of community bacterial infections in the United States. Genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) are present in most Staphylococcus aureus strains that cause CA-MRSA infections. Despite an association of PVL with the most abundant CA-MRSA strains, its role in pathogenesis--if any--remains unknown. PVL is a pore-forming toxin with specificity for myeloid cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils). It is widely assumed that PVL-mediated pore formation in the plasma membrane of PMNs leads ultimately to cytolysis. However, this hypothesis has not been tested and previous studies indicate that levels of PVL …
Wild Collaboration: Ecological Restoration, Religion, And The Reformation Of The Human/Nature Relationship, Adam Carl Lohrmann
Wild Collaboration: Ecological Restoration, Religion, And The Reformation Of The Human/Nature Relationship, Adam Carl Lohrmann
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
ABSTRACT Lohrmann, Adam, M.S., May 2011 Environmental Studies Wild Collaboration: Ecological Restoration, Religion, and the Reformation of the Human/Nature Relationship Chairperson: Dr. Daniel Spencer In recent years, the field of ecological restoration has gained momentum as an academic discipline, a scientific profession, and as a community-based form of environmental activism and land stewardship. At the same time, the number, scope, complexity, and diversity of restoration projects has expanded, and restoration is now being practiced in every corner of the globe. Witnessing this surge of activity and interest, many restorationists now believe that the practice of restoration can serve as a …
Coordinative Aerobic Exercise Does Not Enhance Attention And Concentration In College Students, Meryl Heather Epstein
Coordinative Aerobic Exercise Does Not Enhance Attention And Concentration In College Students, Meryl Heather Epstein
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
There is a historic and recently growing body of research that shows physical activity and fitness both have a positive effect on cognitive function, improved memory, and learning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute moderate to vigorous coordinative aerobic activity carried out prior to taking the d2 Test of Attention positively affected attention and concentration measures in a sample of college students at the University of Montana. The results of this investigation found no acute physical activity effect on the test scores. The results did demonstrate that there was a significant learning effect to the d2 …
Future Potential Net Primary Production Trends Of Contiguous United States Rangelands, Adam Lasalle Moreno
Future Potential Net Primary Production Trends Of Contiguous United States Rangelands, Adam Lasalle Moreno
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Rangelands are an important ecosystem covering nearly 24% of the earth’s terrestrial vegetation. Climate change is predicted to affect many of the factors that influence the production of rangeland vegetation. Understanding future trends and patterns in net primary production (NPP) requires projected potential NPP to better understand how rangelands will be affected by a changing climate. Here, I used climate data projected from a global climate model (GCM) to drive the biogeochemical model (Biome-BGC) in an attempt to simulate future potential NPP trends in rangelands of the contiguous United States from 2001-2100 on a 100 km2 scale. In response to …
Green Roofs In The Garden City: Exploring The Opportunities For Green Roof Policies In Missoula, Montana, Matthew Ryan Hodges
Green Roofs In The Garden City: Exploring The Opportunities For Green Roof Policies In Missoula, Montana, Matthew Ryan Hodges
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Global climate change is expected to have adverse impacts on the Rocky Mountain West, including impacts on water and land use, energy consumption, weather patterns, and wildlife stewardship. The State of Montana, Missoula County and the City of Missoula all have recognized these threats and are taking steps to address climate change impacts. In response to the unique challenges posed by urban environments, the practice of green, or vegetative, roofing has been promoted through policy measures by a number of cities in the United States and abroad. This project explores green roofing and the policies used to encourage the practice …
Incentives And Disincentives Of Adolescent Girls Participation In Outdoor Activities And Recommendations For Practitioners, Sarah Anne Megyesi
Incentives And Disincentives Of Adolescent Girls Participation In Outdoor Activities And Recommendations For Practitioners, Sarah Anne Megyesi
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In order to increase adolescent girls’ participation in and enjoyment of outdoor activities (OAs), with the ultimate goal of increasing the number of future advocates and stewards of our natural environment, outdoor activity practitioners and other interested parties must gain an understanding of adolescent girls and their perceptions of the outdoors and outdoor activities. Every girl has unique insight and perceptions related to their own as well as other girls’ participation in outdoor activities. In order to best serve adolescent girls through outdoor activity, research must seek answers to how families, schools, mentors, and outdoor activity practitioners can best encourage …
Interactive Effects Of Wildfire And Disturbance History On Amphibians And Their Parasites, Blake Roger Hossack
Interactive Effects Of Wildfire And Disturbance History On Amphibians And Their Parasites, Blake Roger Hossack
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Climate-driven changes in wildfire and other disturbance regimes are expected to affect populations and communities worldwide. Understanding how these changes will affect native species is critical for future conservation efforts, especially on managed forests. Using data from several wildfires that burned between 1988 and 2003 in and next to Glacier National Park, Montana, I examined how fire affected the distribution, abundance, and infection status of 3 native amphibians. In Chapter 1, I used long-term data on wetland occupancy to show the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) were resistant to change during the first 6 years …
Modeling Risk Of Hunting Pressure On Large Mammals In Northwestern Argentina, Loretta Kathleen Baker
Modeling Risk Of Hunting Pressure On Large Mammals In Northwestern Argentina, Loretta Kathleen Baker
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The subtropical Yungas and Chaco forests of northwestern Argentina are two of the most biodiverse and threatened biomes in South America. It is unclear how development pressure and increased human presence may be affecting wildlife in this increasingly fragmented and degraded landscape. We initiated a broad-scale analysis of the spatial distribution and magnitude of anthropogenic factors that may influence large mammal mortality due to potential human hunting pressure in a landscape linkage connecting these threatened forests. We conducted a literature review of Neotropical study sites that reported hunting of large mammals by indigenous people or colonists, and used this information …
Opposition And Barriers To Conservation Easements: Insights From Montana Landowners, Alayna S. Dupont
Opposition And Barriers To Conservation Easements: Insights From Montana Landowners, Alayna S. Dupont
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
A conservation easement (CE) is a voluntary agreement that perpetually limits development on private land in order to protect open space, agricultural land, and scenic amenities, as well as ecological or historic resources. Due to the fact that CEs are voluntary, an understanding of the landowner’s decision about whether or not to participate in conservation easement programs is imperative if CE use is to continue and expand. Moreover, understanding how non-participating landowners view CEs, how they regard the incentives, and how CEs fit or do not fit with their ideas regarding private property and conservation is of critical importance for …
Predicting Amphibian Occurrence Based On Wetland And Landscape Level Factors In Montana, Catherine Anne Mcintyre
Predicting Amphibian Occurrence Based On Wetland And Landscape Level Factors In Montana, Catherine Anne Mcintyre
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Amphibians have a complex life history that requires a mosaic of habitats, including breeding, foraging, and over-wintering areas. Historically, regulators have focused on wetland breeding habitat quality to explain amphibian presence. Recently, other habitat requirements including landscape level factors have been examined. Data collected from amphibian surveys in Montana were used to determine if wetland quality factors or landscape level factors were better determinants of amphibian occurrence at breeding sites. Twenty-six habitat models were constructed a priori for eight species of amphibians in Montana. This included five models containing parameters associated with wetland quality, ten landscape level models, and ten …
Winter Habitat Use By Mule Deer In Idaho And Montana, Sonja M. Smith
Winter Habitat Use By Mule Deer In Idaho And Montana, Sonja M. Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Winter survival for species such as Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) depends on an energy conservation strategy where they use habitats at lower elevations and on south facing slopes with adequate thermal or canopy cover. However, not all mule deer habitats are equivalent in components or weather conditions, which contribute to differences in habitat use patterns and behavior among wintering populations. We examined winter habitat use by mule deer on the East Front of the Rocky Mountains, Montana and Warm Springs and Sink Creek, east-central Idaho to determine how weather and vegetation affect habitat use in different winter …
The Use Of Ct Analysis To Assess The Ages Of A Modern Human Tooth Sample: A Comparision With Dental Attrition And The Lamendin Method, Kristina Galdes
The Use Of Ct Analysis To Assess The Ages Of A Modern Human Tooth Sample: A Comparision With Dental Attrition And The Lamendin Method, Kristina Galdes
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
An analysis of 81 contemporary adult human teeth was conducted in order to determine which of three methods best determines age at death. The teeth were loaned from the University of Tennessee body farm to the University of Michigan’s Biomedical Research Laboratory and were comprised of central incisors, lateral incisors and canines. Each tooth was of known age and most were also associated with sex and ancestry. Three observers used Lovejoy’s (1985) method of dental attrition, the Lamendin et al. (1992) periodontosis method and micro computed tomography to determine how accurately each method was able to assess the ages at …