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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 3727
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Untapped Resources: How Underdeveloped Gender Empowerment Constrains The Development Potential In Bangladesh, Taylor Michelle Cook
Untapped Resources: How Underdeveloped Gender Empowerment Constrains The Development Potential In Bangladesh, Taylor Michelle Cook
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Gender empowerment is an oft-cited result of microfinance participation. However, research to verify this outcome continues to produce ambivalent results implying that microfinance programs are not maximizing their potential impact. While gender empowerment may be a desirable end to development, it is less often used as a means to achieve development goals. This paper tests the hypothesis that gender empowerment improves microfinance program performance using data from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and a theoretical framework based on prevalent institutional ideologies. The results show that empowered clients have a higher likelihood of attaining desirable program outcomes. These results can …
Using 3-D Geometric Morphometric Techniques To Further Understand The Relationship Between Neanderthals And Homo Sapiens, Jolen Anya Minetz
Using 3-D Geometric Morphometric Techniques To Further Understand The Relationship Between Neanderthals And Homo Sapiens, Jolen Anya Minetz
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The relationship between hominids in the middle and late Pleistocene has been a heated subject of debate since Neanderthals were first recognized. Neanderthals are either a distinctly separate species from Homo sapiens that were replaced by Homo sapiens without any genetic interaction, which supports the taxonomical title for Neanderthals as Homo neanderthalensis, or there was at least a minimal genetic interaction between contemporaneous Neanderthals and early humans, designating Neanderthals as a subspecies with a taxonomic title of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. The purpose of this research was to further explore this issue by conducting a quantitative analysis on several aspects of …
The Traditional Wilderness Conception, Postmodern Cultural Constructionism And The Importance Of Physical Environments, Matthew Adam Gray
The Traditional Wilderness Conception, Postmodern Cultural Constructionism And The Importance Of Physical Environments, Matthew Adam Gray
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Recently, a heated debate has emerged between advocates of the traditional wilderness concept and those who believe that this concept is merely a cultural construction. The traditional wilderness conception viewed wilderness as an objective place separate from humans that is defined by being primarily shaped by natural forces, possessing natural origins and being free of human inhabitants and structures. This view culminated in the definition of wilderness featured in the 1964 Wilderness Act. A postmodern critique of the traditional wilderness conception began in the 1980s. In this view, the traditional wilderness conception is thought to be a product of Euro- …
Novel Roles Of The Endocannabinoid System In Modulating Synaptic Plasticity, Alicia Ninet Angell
Novel Roles Of The Endocannabinoid System In Modulating Synaptic Plasticity, Alicia Ninet Angell
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Learning and memory formation are invaluable processes in human life; however, the cellular mechanisms that control these phenomena are largely unknown. Synaptic plasticity, which is the ability of the synapse between two neurons to change in strength based on activity, is believed to be a key process in the formation of memories and learning. Endocannabinoids (eCB) have recently emerged as important modulators of synaptic plasticity but their precise roles and mechanisms are not well understood and many contradictions exist in the current literature. We have investigated the roles of eCBs and their primary receptor, the CB1 receptor, in the central …
Perceptions Of Borough Incorporation Held By Community Leaders In Delta Junction, Alaska, Michelle Albus Johnson
Perceptions Of Borough Incorporation Held By Community Leaders In Delta Junction, Alaska, Michelle Albus Johnson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Regional governments exist in an overwhelming majority of the United States and are often considered a necessary and natural progression of a developing region. Alaska offers a unique opportunity to explore perceptions of regional incorporation, as it is the only remaining state in the Union to have unincorporated area. Thus, after a rural region of Alaska petitioned the state legislature to politically incorporate, I conducted qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews with local community leaders to explore their perceptions of the proposed incorporation. Existing literature often refers to leaders as either elite, self-interested individuals or as functional, community-interested individuals. This study explored …
Probing Structural Differences Of Recombinant Prion Isoforms Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Jessica Louise Gilbert
Probing Structural Differences Of Recombinant Prion Isoforms Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Jessica Louise Gilbert
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Conversion of prion protein (PrP) from its normal, cellular isoform, PrPC, to an infectious, misfolded, fibrillar isoform, PrPSc, is responsible for various neurodegenerative diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts. Although the structure of PrPC is well studied, the structure of PrPSc is not known. Obtaining structural information on the misfolded isoform of prion may lead to preventative therapies and treatments of prion diseases. In this study, six single-tryptophan mutants of recombinant PrP were expressed, purified, and refolded into PrPC or two misfolded isoforms of prion, PrPb and PrPF. Solvent accessibilities of the six tryptophan residues were probed among the …
An Experimental Demographic Approach To Exotic Plant Success: Cynoglossum Officinale In Its Native And Introduced Ranges, Jennifer Lynn Williams
An Experimental Demographic Approach To Exotic Plant Success: Cynoglossum Officinale In Its Native And Introduced Ranges, Jennifer Lynn Williams
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Invasive species often face novel abiotic and biotic environments with different selective regimes where they are introduced. How these changed conditions influence individual life-history traits, and what particular factors spur increases in population abundance in the introduced versus native range, are not well understood. I conducted parallel experiments in both the native and introduced ranges of a widespread plant invader in North America, houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale). I combined these experimental results with demographic monitoring in each range, and population modeling, to explore how introduction has affected houndstongue demography and life-history evolution, and to determine the role of specialist …
Causes And Consequences Of Displacement Decision-Making In Banhine National Park, Mozambique, Chad Edward Dear
Causes And Consequences Of Displacement Decision-Making In Banhine National Park, Mozambique, Chad Edward Dear
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Decision-making is looming regarding the displacement of people resident in and reliant on resources in strict protected areas around the world. This research investigated the causes and consequences of displacement decision-making in Banhine National Park (BNP), Mozambique. I investigated causes using political-economic, actor-centered, and post-structural perspectives on power. I investigated consequences using the Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction (IRR) framework. Methods included interviews, focus groups, and observations involving BNP-area residents; park staff; district, provincial, and national-level government employees from various sectors; NGO and World Bank staff; and private consultants. I also analyzed numerous government and donor policies, plans, reports, and legal …
Chronic Low-Level Pb Exposure During Development Alters Proteins Involved In Energy Metabolism In Auditory Neurons Of The Brainstem, John Prins
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Low level lead (Pb) exposure is a risk factor for neurological dysfunction including ADHD. How Pb produces these behavioral deficits is unknown, but low-level exposure during development is associated with auditory temporal processing deficits, even though hearing remains normal. Pb disrupts cellular energy metabolism and efficient energy production is crucial for auditory neurons to maintain their high rates of synaptic activity. The voltage dependent ion channel (VDAC) is an ion channel involved in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology and is a critical component in controlling mitochondrial energy production. No studies to date have investigated the effect of Pb on VDAC, …
Images As A Layer Of Positive Rhetoric: A Values-Based Case Study Exploring The Interaction Between Visual And Verbal Elements Found On A Rural Natural Resources Non-Profit Organization Website, Vailferree Stilwell Brechtel
Images As A Layer Of Positive Rhetoric: A Values-Based Case Study Exploring The Interaction Between Visual And Verbal Elements Found On A Rural Natural Resources Non-Profit Organization Website, Vailferree Stilwell Brechtel
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
No Abstract.
Mindfulness As A Predictor Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology In An Experiential Avoidance Model, Brian Lantz Thompson
Mindfulness As A Predictor Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology In An Experiential Avoidance Model, Brian Lantz Thompson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of measures of mindfulness to predict the variance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) avoidance symptom severity above and beyond measures of experiential avoidance. A sample of 378 introductory psychology students completed questionnaire packets in individuals rooms to insure confidentiality of sensitive material. Based on a pencil-and-paper self-report measure of PTSD symptoms, the sample was divided into 3 groups: PTSD group (n = 44); trauma-no PTSD (n = 147); and a control (no trauma) group (n = 123). A fourth traumatized group was subsequently created consisting of individuals who endorsed a …
Disruption Of 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine Dna Glycosylase (Ogg1) Antioxidant Response Capacity By Sodium Arsenite, David Paul Cox
Disruption Of 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine Dna Glycosylase (Ogg1) Antioxidant Response Capacity By Sodium Arsenite, David Paul Cox
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase is the first step and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the removal of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine via the base excision repair pathway. Transcriptional regulation of human Ogg1 is sensitive to redox changes via modulation of intracellular glutathione. In response to changes in glutathione, changes in hOgg1 transcription occur similar to genes regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. It was determined that positions - 47 to - 44 in the hOgg1 promoter are necessary for basal transcription of Ogg1 determined by site-directed deletion. This region is capable of interacting with nuclear protein determined by binding assays. Furthermore, transcription factor Nrf2 is …
Development Of An Environmental Law Curriculum For Kosovo Universities, Nebojsa Vlajic
Development Of An Environmental Law Curriculum For Kosovo Universities, Nebojsa Vlajic
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This paper aims to improve environmental problem solving in Kosovo by introducing an environmental law course to the Kosovo university system. No school in Kosovo currently teaches environmental law and lawyers practicing environmental litigation are nonexistent. There are not many experts who can be consulted or who can help draft the environmental laws Kosovo must enact in order to harmonize its laws with those of the European Union. Lawyers having proper and formal training for doing the Environmental Impact Assessment are also extremely limited in number. The first part explains the rationale for proposing an environmental law course at law …
Dwelling And The Woman Artist In The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall, Rebecca L. Lupold
Dwelling And The Woman Artist In The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall, Rebecca L. Lupold
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis addresses the Heideggerean notion of dwelling in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by analyzing the different ways the novel’s protagonist, Helen Huntingdon, adapts to the harsh, sublime landscape of Wildfell Hall and the subsequent relationship that develops between her and Gilbert Markham. Escaping her violent and abusive husband, Helen flees to Wildfell Hall and uses her skills as an artist to support both herself and her son. In the first chapter, late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century aesthetics of the sublime and the picturesque are evaluated in relation to the aesthetic spaces of the novel. Helen enjoys an …
The Book Of Left Turns, Gregory Trent Hill Jr.
The Book Of Left Turns, Gregory Trent Hill Jr.
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Poems.
The Variances, Matthew Devon Kaler
The Variances, Matthew Devon Kaler
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
A manuscript of poetry representing the work completed while a graduate student at the University of Montana's Creative Writing Program.
My Brother The Buffalo: An Ethnohistorical Documentation Of The 1999 Buffalo Walk And The Cultural Significance Of Yellowstone Buffalo To The Lakota Sioux And Nez Perce Peoples, Sarah Anne Tarka
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This study was prepared for the National Park Service to serve as documentation of the cultural significance of Yellowstone buffalo to two American Indian cultural groups, the Nez Perce and the Lakota Sioux, and of the 1999 Buffalo Walk and accompanying ceremony that took place within the boundary of the park. Both Lakota Sioux and Nez Perce peoples had leadership roles in the Buffalo Walk, which was a benchmark event in the history of the park and of Yellowstone buffalo management. Participants in the Buffalo Walk walked and rode more than 500 miles from Rapid City, South Dakota to the …
Faunal Analysis Of The Tongue River Bison Kill Site (24rb2135) In Southeastern Montana, Hilleary Allison Sutton
Faunal Analysis Of The Tongue River Bison Kill Site (24rb2135) In Southeastern Montana, Hilleary Allison Sutton
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The University of Montana excavated the Tongue River bison kill site (24RB2135) in 2005 on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation. This was the site of a prehistoric bison hunt. Over 20,000 bone fragments and over 1,000 stone tools were recovered during the excavation. This study focuses on the bone material in order to understand past hunting practices at this site. In order to complete the analyses required to understand the faunal material, specific data was gathered for each bone element. These data points include: the taxon, skeletal element, side, body orientation, portion, color, size, weathering, age, and any natural or cultural …
Sex And Diversity In The Invasive Plant Hieracium Aurantiacum, Eli Stuart Loomis
Sex And Diversity In The Invasive Plant Hieracium Aurantiacum, Eli Stuart Loomis
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Sexual reproduction is generally thought to provide long-term fitness advantages over asexual reproduction in the form of increased genetic diversity. Some work, however, suggests that asexual reproduction can also be advantageous. One situation when asexual reproduction provides an advantage is when colonizing a new range (Baker’s law), as in plant invasions. This study investigated the population structure of the invasive plant Hieracium aurantiacum. H. aurantiacum is an apomict – producing much of its seed asexually – and has become a common invasive in North America and New Zealand. The genetic diversity of H. aurantiacum was assessed over its invasive ranges …
Celebrating African Drumming And Dance In A Rural Montana Classroom, Lisa Bossert Nicholls
Celebrating African Drumming And Dance In A Rural Montana Classroom, Lisa Bossert Nicholls
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Nicholls, Lisa, M.A., Summer 2007 Fine Arts, Integrated Arts and Education Celebrating African Drumming and Dance in a Rural Montana Classroom Chairperson: Karen Kaufmann Community is the key word when describing Lone Rock School, a rural, K-8 school located in the Bitterroot Valley in Montana, and my place of employment. Lone Rock takes pride in the fact that it is the oldest continuously operating school in the Northwest. The school and community have a symbiotic relationship, both maintaining strong identities, in part due to their close relationship. The challenge is to maintain and enrich this relationship, helping it to remain …
The Structure Function Relationship Of Silica Polyamine Composites, Mark Anthony Hughes
The Structure Function Relationship Of Silica Polyamine Composites, Mark Anthony Hughes
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The goals of this thesis were to improve the performance of silica polyamine composites by manipulating the surface structure and to understand the relationship between, polymer structure and ligand modification of the grafted polyamine. Improvements in silica polyamine composite performance resulted from modifying silica gel with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) substituted for a molar fraction of reagent chloropropyltrichlorosilane (CPTCS), which has been traditionally employed. MTCS does not possess a terminal chloride group thus preventing the subsequent attachment of a polyamine to this moiety. MTCS has a smaller molecular volume than CPTCS and as a consequence greater coverage of the silica gel surface …
Habitat Use And The Effects Of Disturbance On Wintering Birds Using Riparian Habitats In Sonora, Mexico, Jose Fernando Villasenor
Habitat Use And The Effects Of Disturbance On Wintering Birds Using Riparian Habitats In Sonora, Mexico, Jose Fernando Villasenor
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Riparian systems are important for breeding bird communities and are highly used as migratory corridors; however, their importance for wintering birds has not been assessed systematically. In order to assess the value of riparian areas for birds wintering in Sonora, data from 1,816 standard point counts were collected from 87 locations during January and February 2004-2006. A total of 253 species were detected across 14 vegetation types, including nine categories of riparian vegetation. The mean number of species and individuals detected per count was significantly higher in riparian vegetation than in non-riparian vegetation for migratory species, but not for residents. …
Effects Of Seed Dispersal By Gibbons, Sambar, And Muntjac On Choerospondias Axillaris Demography, And The Disruption Of This Mutualism By Wildlife Poaching, Jedediah Farrell Brodie
Effects Of Seed Dispersal By Gibbons, Sambar, And Muntjac On Choerospondias Axillaris Demography, And The Disruption Of This Mutualism By Wildlife Poaching, Jedediah Farrell Brodie
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Rampant illegal hunting threatens wildlife populations inside many tropical protected areas, compromising their long-term effectiveness. A critical question concerns whether such harvest has indirect effects on non-hunted organisms that interact with the game species. For example many tree species are demographically reliant on seed dispersal by vertebrates that are threatened by hunting; the anthropogenic disruption of this animal-plant mutualism can severely alter the composition of tropical forests. Here I show that illegal poaching has reduced or extirpated several mammal species from national parks in northern Thailand. This, in turn, has negatively affected the demography of the canopy tree Choerospondias axillaris, …
The Effective Viscosity Of Ash-Laden Flows, Kirstin Anne Burns
The Effective Viscosity Of Ash-Laden Flows, Kirstin Anne Burns
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Debris flows can drastically alter ecosystems and damage infrastructure, and there is an increased risk of debris flows following a wildfire. In general, runoff and erosion drastically increase following a wildfire as a result of many processes, one of them being debris flows. Large debris flows are common in the months and years after wildfire in mountainous areas throughout the western U.S.A. The progressive bulking of surface runoff may be the dominant triggering mechanism of these debris flows. Vegetative ash on the hillslope becomes entrained in the flow, along with other fine-grained sediment and increases the effective viscosity of the …
Effect Of Medicinal Herbal, Panax Notoginseng, On The Fate And Function Of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, Ava-Gaye Tania Rhule
Effect Of Medicinal Herbal, Panax Notoginseng, On The Fate And Function Of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, Ava-Gaye Tania Rhule
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) perform the essential task of integrating responses between the innate and adaptive immune system. Several approaches have been undertaken to manipulate the effects of APCs for therapeutic purposes. Panax notoginseng is a medicinal herb that is purported to possess a number of properties including modulation of the immune system. However, limited information exists on the effects and toxicities of this herbal on APCs. In this regard, we assessed the effects of Panax notoginseng on the fate and function of professional APCs in murine models using macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). APCs were stimulated with the toll-like …
Forests And Farming: An Analysis Of Rural Livelihood Programs For Poverty Reduction In Eastern Zambia, Garrett Kenneth Olson
Forests And Farming: An Analysis Of Rural Livelihood Programs For Poverty Reduction In Eastern Zambia, Garrett Kenneth Olson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This paper investigates the effectiveness of Joint Forest Management (JFM) and agricultural programs at reducing rural poverty in Zambia. Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs in Africa have been aimed at improving livelihoods, creating tangible benefits, and increasing incomes from forests and forest products through the sustainable use and conservation of forest resources. Agricultural programs have often had similar goals regarding improved livelihoods, benefits, food security, and income generation for soil conservation and reduced forest conversion due to agricultural expansion. With increased rates of deforestation and forest conversion, Zambia is in need of effective measures for the sustainable utilization and …
Legitimacy And The Use Of Natural Resources In Kruger National Park, South Africa, Randy Tanner
Legitimacy And The Use Of Natural Resources In Kruger National Park, South Africa, Randy Tanner
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Around the globe, protected area managers confront an increasingly complex web of interests and demands, expressed by a variety parties, that often compete or conflict. When an action concerning the governance and management of a protected area is infused with such complexity, decision-making requires an evaluation of that action's legitimacy. Most often, this evaluation is implicitly made rather than expressly articulated. The purpose of this dissertation was both to illustrate the importance and utility of explicitly evaluating legitimacy and to provide a conceptual framework for understanding how the legitimacy of protected area governance and management may be understood. To better …
Organizing Rural Communities For Effective Citizen Science Programs, Anna Dean Holden
Organizing Rural Communities For Effective Citizen Science Programs, Anna Dean Holden
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Citizen science, or the use of volunteers for scientific projects, is becoming a popular way for agencies and organizations to collect data. The benefits of citizen science include saving the agency or organization resources, educating the community about conservation issues, and promoting land stewardship. Currently, many citizen monitoring organizations are based in urban areas, whereas their projects are located near more rural towns. Research shows that demographics such as area of residence can be a factor in the public’s attitude toward any scientific or land management project (Williams et al, 2002; Kellert, 1978, 1985; Vaske et al, 2001). This fact …
Predicting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa) Range Expansion Near Missoula Montana Using Localized Climate And Elevation Data, William Frank Preston Cumming
Predicting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa) Range Expansion Near Missoula Montana Using Localized Climate And Elevation Data, William Frank Preston Cumming
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Since the 1920s spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) has adapted to a variety of habitats, including pastureland, rangeland, hay land, open forests, road sides, and ditches. In 2003 this plant species dominated more than five million acres in Montana, half of the total infestation of noxious weeds in the state. This project demonstrates the utility of using downscaled Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data for predicting vegetation movement within a 2°×2° geographical area surrounding Missoula County, Montana. This localized climate change data was correlated against current knapweed range using validation data from the Volunteer for Wilderness Program at the …
The Role Of L-Carnitine In Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia, Thomas Fredrick Rau
The Role Of L-Carnitine In Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia, Thomas Fredrick Rau
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) represents an intractable clinical condition that lacks an effective treatment and results in blindness, cerebral palsy, and cognitive deficits. A primary mechanism of cell death induced by neonatal HI is mitochondrial dysfunction leading to metabolic crisis and apoptosis. L-carnitine (LCAR) is an endogenous compound that transports fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for metabolism, buffers endogenous acyl-coA pools and improves the health and efficiency of the mitochondria. In light of the mitochondrial dysfunction observed after HI we hypothesized treatment with LCAR would reduce cell death after HI. Using a novel rat hippocampal slice culture model we observed …