Digital Commons Network^™

Maternal Exposure To Ssris Or Snris And The Risk Of Congenital Abnormalities In Offspring: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Weiyi Huang, Robin Page, Theresa Morris, Susan Ayres, Alva Ferdinand, Samiran Sinha

Faculty Scholarship

Background

The association of maternal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with the risk of system-specific congenital malformations in offspring remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine this association and the risk difference between these two types of inhibitors.

Methods

A literature search was performed from January 2000 to May 2023 using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Cohort and case-control studies that assess the association of maternal exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs with the risk of congenital abnormalities were eligible for the study.

Results

Twenty-one cohort studies and seven case-control …

Command And Control: Operationalizing The Unitary Executive, Gary S. Lawson

Faculty Scholarship

The concept of the unitary executive is written into the Constitution by virtue of Article II’s vesting of the “executive Power” in the President and not in executive officers created by Congress. Defenders and opponents alike of the “unitary executive” often equate the idea of presidential control of executive action with the power to remove executive personnel. But an unlimitable presidential removal power cannot be derived from the vesting of executive power in the President for the simple reason that it would not actually result in full presidential control of executive action, as the actions of now-fired subordinates would still …

How Discriminatory Censorship Laws Imperil Public Education, Jonathan Feingold, Joshua Weishart

Faculty Scholarship

“Discriminatory censorship laws” regulate classroom conversations about racism, gender identity, and other topics targeted in the backlash against efforts toward inclusive classrooms and curricula. This policy brief examines the proliferation of these laws and their impact on K-12 schools, including the creation of hostile learning environments that expose students and educators to a heightened threat of race- and sex-based harassment and to formal sanctions and social ostracization. The laws also foster a climate of fear and anxiety among educators, effectively coercing them to shun critical inquiry and thought on targeted topics and more generally. The result is a curriculum that …

Reply Brief For Petitioner, Muldrow V. City Of St. Louis, Madeline H. Meth, Brian Wolfman

Faculty Scholarship

Section 703(a)(1) is straightforward: It prohibits all discrimination against an employee “with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin[.]” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e2(a)(1). The Department does not dispute that job transfers concern “terms and conditions” of employment. See Resp. Br. 1, 35. So, if the statute’s words are honored, and Jatonya Muldrow can show that the Department’s transfer decisions were imposed “because of” her sex, the Department is liable.

Yet the Department maintains that some discriminatory job transfers escape Title VII’s reach. It relies nearly exclusively …

Roberts's Revisions: A Narratological Reading Of The Affirmative Action Cases, Angela Onwuachi-Willig

Faculty Scholarship

In a seminal article published nearly twenty years ago in the Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, Professor Peter Brooks posed a critical yet underexplored question: "Does the [flaw [n]eed a [n]arratology?"⁵ In essence, he asked whether law as a field should have a framework for deconstructing and understanding how and why a legal opinion, including the events that the opinion is centered on, has been crafted and presented in a particular way.⁶ After highlighting that "how a story is told can make a difference in legal outcomes," Brooks encouraged legal actors to "talk narrative talk" …

Measuring Follow-On Innovation, Janet Freilich, Sepehr Shahshahani

Faculty Scholarship

How patents affect follow-on innovation is a key question for the patent system. We disaggregate follow-on innovation into activities that infringe patents and others that do not infringe but can be indirectly affected by patents. Replicating an important study using our disaggregated measure, we find that 87 percent of follow-on scientific publications describing patented genes do not constitute patent infringement. Supplementing our empirical strategy with data on patent expiration dates, we find that gene patents which are not close to expiration cause an increase in noninfringing follow-on research, but the effect disappears for patents close to expiration. Our nuanced measure …

Virtual Reality At Workplace For Autistic Employees: Preliminary Results Of Physiological-Based Well-Being Experience, M. A. Reyes-Consuelo, D. Michaud, J. Proulx-Guimond, Jocelyne Kiss, C. Vincent, G. Edwards, James Hutson, J. Ruel, S. Letscher, V. Psyche, C. Papi, M. Caouette, I Feillou, Piper Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Emotional health problems in the workplace often hinder the integration and retention of autistic employees (AE), a challenge identified in many sectors. Recent literature highlights the consequences of these problems, such as burnout leading to reduced productivity and resignation. Previous research supports the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) for training a variety of specific skills (e.g. riding a bus or plane travel), as well as more complex social skills, such as emotion recognition and functional communication. In addition, existing studies on using physiological self-monitoring in AE training offer a promising approach to promoting improved emotional health. The present paper reports …

Ai And The Creative Process: Part Three, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Article discussing the effects of artificial intelligence on the creative process in the art world.

Thirty-Day Mortality Rates Among Young Adult Stroke Patients And Their Characteristics At Kiruddu And Mulago Hospitals In Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study, Shirley Moore, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Stroke outcomes among young adults in Uganda are unclear. This study therefore determined the clinical characteristics and 30-day outcome among young adults with an acute stroke. In a prospective observational cohort study, 61 young adults with confirmed stroke were followed up for 30 days. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a study questionnaire. Kaplan–Meier curves, and modified Poisson regression were performed for factors associated with the 30-day mortality outcome. A third of the screened stroke survivors, (61/195) were young adults aged between 18 and 50 years. About two-thirds were male. More than half were diagnosed with ischaemic strokes while …

Ai And The Creative Process: Part Two, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Article discussing the effects of artificial intelligence on the creative process in the art world.

Fear Of Missing Organisms (Fomo): The Discordance Among Broad-Spectrum Empiric Antibiotic Therapy, Microbiologic Results, And Definitive Antibiotic Therapy For Diabetic Foot Infections And Lower Extremity Osteomyelitis, Morgan K. Morelli, Yanis Bitar, Michelle T. Hecker

Faculty Scholarship

Objective: Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is commonly prescribed for patients hospitalized with diabetic foot infections (DFI) and lower extremity osteomyelitis (OM). The primary objective was to evaluate the concordance between empiric antibiotic therapy, microbiologic results, and definitive antibiotic therapy with a focus on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant gram-negative organisms. The secondary objective was to evaluate the negative predictive values (NPV) of select risk factors for MRSA and resistant gram-negative organisms for microbiologic results with these organisms. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Safety-net health system in Ohio. Patients: Adults hospitalized and receiving antibiotic therapy for DFI or lower extremity …

Ai And The Creative Process: Part One, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Article discussing the effects of artificial intelligence on the creative process in the art world.

Brief Of Amicus Curiae Tax Professors In Support Of Respondent In Moore V. United States, Donald B. Tobin, Ellen P. Aprill

Faculty Scholarship

Petitioners in Moore v. United States have argued to the Supreme Court that the word “incomes” in the Sixteenth Amendment authorizes only the taxation of “realized” income. Thus, they assert, a repatriation tax (referred to as MRT) in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is invalid because it taxes unrealized gains. While other briefs in the case explain that, as properly understood, the tax at issue taxes only realized gains, this brief counters the petitioners’ Sixteenth Amendment argument. It explains that economists, accountants, and lawyers in the early twentieth century all defined income in broad terms, embracing the definition of …

Fibrinogen; A Predictor Of Injury Severity And Mortality Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study, Michael Devereaux, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Studies show that fibrinogen concentrations <2 g/L in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased mortality. However, little is known regarding fibrinogen levels and TBI severity as well as mortality in sub-Saharan Africa despite shouldering a high burden of TBI. We therefore set out to determine whether fibrinogen levels are associated with TBI severity and outcome. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of fibrinogen levels and the association with severity and mortality among TBI patients at Mulago Hospital. We prospectively enrolled 213 patients with TBI aged between 13 and 60 years of age and presenting within 24 hours of injury. Patients with preexisting coagulopathy, concurrent use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, preexisting hepatic insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and who were pregnant were excluded. Fibrinogen levels were determined using the Clauss fibrinogen assay. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between fibrinogen level and 7-day outcomes. Majority of the patients were male (88.7%) and nearly half were aged 30 or less (48.8%). Fibrinogen levels <2 g/L were observed in 35.1% of the study participants. The average time spent in the study was 3.7 ± 2.4 days. The sensitivity and specificity using fibrinogen <2 g/L was 56.5% and 72.9% respectively. Fibrinogen levels predict TBI severity with an AUC = 0.656 (95% CI 0.58-0.73: P = .000) Fibrinogen levels <2 g/L (hypofibrinogenemia) were independently associated with severe TBI. (Adjusted odds ratio 2.87 CI, 1.34-6.14: P = .007). Levels above 4.5 g/L were also independently associated with injury severity (adjusted odds ratio 2.89, CI 1.12-7.48: P < .05) Fibrinogen levels more than 4.5 g/L were independently associated with mortality (OR 4.5, CI; 1.47-13.61, P < .05). The fibrinogen level is a useful tool in predicting severity including mortality of TBI. Fibrinogen levels may be used as an additional tool to screen TBI patients for injury severity especially among patients with Glasgow coma scale scores of <14.

Copyright Fiduciaries: Problems And Solutions, Jessica Silbey

Faculty Scholarship

Andrew Gilden & Eva E. Subotnik, Copyright’s Capacity Gap, 57 U.C. Davis L. Rev. __ (forthcoming, 2023), available at SSRN (Aug. 9, 2023).

In this forthcoming article, Andrew Gilden and Eva Subotnik begin an important conversation about an underexplored area of copyright law. Their focus is copyright law’s inconsistent treatment of mental capacity. Under copyright law, copyright authors can produce valuable copyrighted work but those same authors may lack the legal capacity to make decisions about if, when, or how to exploit that work. For example, children and people with mental illness or disability can be copyright authors, but …

Blood Pressure Variability And Early Neurological Outcomes In Acute And Subacute Stroke In Southwestern Uganda, Shirley M. Moore, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Greater blood pressure variability has detrimental effects on clinical outcome after a stroke; its effects are controversial and have not been evaluated in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients with CT head confirmed ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes admitted to a tertiary hospital within 7 days of onset of unilateral neurological deficits. Blood pressure variability indices, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between day 0 and day 7, were calculated with a subsequent modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on day 14 post-stroke. Linear regression was performed to …

The New Over-The-Counter Oral Contraceptive Pill—Assessing Financial Barriers To Access, Christopher Robertson, Anna Braman

Faculty Scholarship

In July 2023, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Opill (norgestrel), the first over-the-counter (OTC) daily oral contraceptive pill in the United States, a move that could dramatically improve practical access to family planning. Opill’s price, however, hasn’t been made public and may not be revealed until the drug enters the market in early 2024. Although contraceptive pills generally cost between $10 and $50 per month without insurance, there’s no indication that Opill’s price will fall within this range. In addition, although the manufacturer (Perrigo) has expressed interest in a consumer-assistance program, it hasn’t released details regarding eligibility for …

Exploring Low-Income, Black Fathers' Strengths And Barriers To Positive Change Using Qualitative Methods, Katie N. Russell, Ashley Withrow, Laura A. Voith, Carmen Vernon, Hyunjune Lee, Sherise Mckinney

Faculty Scholarship

Objective: The goal was to explore low-income, Black fathers' personal strengths and barriers to engaged fatherhood, healthy relationships, and economic stability. Background: Fatherhood programs often rely on case management and education to promote positive fathering, healthy relationships, and economic stability. However, methods should be tailored to fit the strengths and needs of participating fathers. Low-income, Black fathers face additional challenges related to systemic discrimination and structural violence that can hinder their success. To effectively serve this group, research is required to understand their relevant strengths and barriers. Methods: Semistructured focus groups explored fathers' personal strengths and barriers specific to the …

Phase Shift Between Joint Rotation And Actuation Reflects Dominant Forces And Predicts Muscle Activation Patterns, R. D. Quinn, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

During behavior, the work done by actuators on the body can be resisted by the body's inertia, elastic forces, gravity, or viscosity. The dominant forces that resist actuation have major consequences on the control of that behavior. In the literature, features and actuation of locomotion, for example, have been successfully predicted by nondimensional numbers (e.g. Froude number and Reynolds number) that generally express the ratio between two of these forces (gravitational, inertial, elastic, and viscous). However, animals of different sizes or motions at different speeds may not share the same dominant forces within a behavior, making ratios of just two …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Effects Of Essential Amino Acid Supplementation On Exercise And Performance, Arny A. Ferrnado, Robert R. Wolfe, Katie R. Hirsch, David D. Church, Shiloah A. Kviatkovsky, Michael D. Roberts, Jeffrey R. Stout, Drew E. Gonzalez, Ryan J. Sowinski, Richard B. Kreider, Chad Kerksick, Nicholas A. Burd, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Michael J. Ormsbee, Shawn M. Arent, Paul J. Arciero, Bill I. Campbell, Trisha A. Van Dusseldorp, Ralf Jager, Darryn S. Willoughby, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio

Faculty Scholarship

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of literature surrounding the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation to athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners as to the benefits of supplemental EAA in both healthy and resistant (aging/clinical) populations. EAAs are crucial components of protein intake in humans, as the body cannot synthesize them. The daily recommended intake (DRI) for protein was established to prevent deficiencies due to inadequate EAA consumption. The following conclusions …

Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily But Not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance, George F. Hoeferlin, Tejas Bajwa, Hannah Olivares, Jichu Zhang, Lindsey N. Druschel, Michael Sobota, Pierce E. Boucher, Jonathan L. Duncan, Jeffrey R. Capadona

Faculty Scholarship

Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be used in a range of applications, from basic neuroscience research to providing an intimate interface with the brain as part of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system aimed at restoring function for people living with neurological disorders or injuries. Unfortunately, MEAs tend to fail prematurely, leading to a loss in functionality for many applications. An important contributing factor in MEA failure is oxidative stress resulting from chronically inflammatory-activated microglia and macrophages releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) around the implant site. Antioxidants offer a means for mitigating oxidative stress and improving tissue health and MEA performance. …

Synthesizing Sentience: Integrating Large Language Models And Autonomous Agents For Emulating Human Cognitive Complexity, Jay Ratican, James Hutson, Daniel Plate

Faculty Scholarship

The paper aims to present a novel methodology for emulating the intricacies of human cognitive complexity by ingeniously integrating large language models with autonomous agents. Grounded in the theoretical framework of the modular mind theory-originally espoused by Fodor and later refined by scholars such as Joanna Bryson—the study seeks to venture into the untapped potential of large language models and autonomous agents in mirroring human cognition. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, exemplified by the inception of autonomous agents like Age in GPT, auto GPT, and baby AGI, underscore the transformative capacities of these technologies in diverse applications. Moreover, empirical studies …

Suicidal Ideation And Death By Suicide As A Result Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In Spanish-Speaking Countries: Systematic Review, Nicolás Valle-Palomino, Mirtha Mercedes Fernández-Mantilla, Danae De Talledo-Sebedón, Olinda Victoria Guzmán-González, Vanessa Haydee Carguachinchay-Huanca, Alfonso Alejandro Sosa-Lizama, Brunella Orlandini-Valle, Óscar Manuel Vela-Miranda

Faculty Scholarship

Suicidal behaviors and constructs are putting at risk the accomplishment of Objective 3 of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development in Spanish-speaking countries. The current study’s principal objective is to explain the presence of suicidal ideation and deaths by suicide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish-speaking countries based on a review of the scientific literature. The PRISMA model was used as the main method while considering the criteria of periodicity, language, typology, and country in order to choose the 28 articles that were analyzed from the following three databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database. …

Neurodiversity & Placemaking In Exhibition Design, Piper Hutson, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

of the place of art and culture in society, museums claim to have something for everyone. But, in reality, contemporary exhibition design is for a small percentage of the neurotypical population. Many visitors, especially the 10 to 15 percent of the global population who are neurodiverse, find contemporary exhibitions discomforting – from how subjects and themes are displayed, to the lack of inclusive design in environments. To ensure the exhibition-development process results in an experience that is safe, comfortable, and relevant for a neurodiverse audience, specific placemaking considerations need to be deliberately incorporated.

Borges's Most Problematic Translator, Wes Henricksen

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Race, Solidarity, And Commerce: Work Law As Privatized Public Law, Shirley Lin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Indigenous Influence On The Rights Of Nature Movement, Vanessa Racehorse

Faculty Scholarship

The growing recognition of the rights of nature is a blend of both modern conservation efforts and principles reflected in traditional Indigenous stewardship that should be an essential component of the discourse around environmental justice. This article provides an overview of the laws that invoke the rights of nature that Indigenous perspectives and practices regarding environmental preservation have influenced. This discussion pays particular attention to the White Earth Band of Ojibwe's "Rights of Manoomin" law and Manoomin v. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (White Earth Band of Ojibwe Tribal Ct. 2021), the first rights of nature case filed in a …

One Tort, Four Iracs, And Five Lessons About Rule Support Cases, Alissa Bauer

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

An Ally Can Connect Tort Theory To International And Comparative Law, Anita Bernstein

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Education, Employment, And Healthcare: Personal And Societal Strategies For Transitioning Servicemembers' Fiscal Sustainability, Kan Samuel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.