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Global Sex Disparity Of Covid-19: A Descriptive Review Of Sex Hormones And Consideration For The Potential Therapeutic Use Of Hormone Replacement Therapy In Older Adults, S C. Okpechi, J T. Fong, S S. Gill, J C. Harman, S C. Okpechi, Q C. Chukwurah, I O. Onor, S K. Alahari Jan 2021

Global Sex Disparity Of Covid-19: A Descriptive Review Of Sex Hormones And Consideration For The Potential Therapeutic Use Of Hormone Replacement Therapy In Older Adults, S C. Okpechi, J T. Fong, S S. Gill, J C. Harman, S C. Okpechi, Q C. Chukwurah, I O. Onor, S K. Alahari

Faculty Publications

The 2019-2020 SARS-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare sectors around the world. As of November 2020, there have been over 64 million confirmed cases and approaching 2 million deaths globally. Despite the large number of positive cases, there are very limited established standards of care and therapeutic options available. To date, there is still no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccine for COVID-19, although there are several options in various clinical trial stages. Herein, we have performed a global review evaluating the roles of age and sex on COVID-19 hospitalizations, ICU admissions, deaths in hospitals, …

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Bats And Humans During Thesars-Cov-2outbreak: The Case Of Bat-Coronaviruses From Mexico, P Colunga-Salas, G Hernandez-Canchola Jan 2021

Bats And Humans During Thesars-Cov-2outbreak: The Case Of Bat-Coronaviruses From Mexico, P Colunga-Salas, G Hernandez-Canchola

Faculty Publications

The novelSARS-CoV-2coronavirus has attracted attention due to the high number of human cases around the world. It has been proposed that this virus originated in bats, possibly transmitted to humans by an intermediate host, making bats a group of great interest during this outbreak. Almost 10% of the world's bat species inhabit Mexico, and 14 previous novel CoVs have been recorded in Mexican bats. However, the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and the novel coronavirus are unknown. The aim of this communication was therefore to describe the phylogenetic relationships between Mexican bat-CoVs andSARS-CoV-2. We showed that Mexican bat-CoVs sequences are …

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Physical Education Teachers' Experiences With Remote Instruction During The Initial Phase Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, K Mercier, E Centeio, A Garn, H Erwin, K Mercier, J Foley Jan 2021

Physical Education Teachers' Experiences With Remote Instruction During The Initial Phase Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, K Mercier, E Centeio, A Garn, H Erwin, K Mercier, J Foley

Faculty Publications

This study investigated physical education (PE) teachers' experiences with remote instruction in the United States during the initial outbreak of COVID-19. PE teachers (n = 4,362) from all 50 states completed a survey identifying their experiences with remote instruction in May, 2020. Survey responses were analyzed by geographic region, district type, and school level. Teachers reported having students submit assignments (51% yes), using video instruction (37% yes), being less effective when instructing remotely (20% yes), and emphasizing student outcomes focused on health-related fitness (32% yes), and physical activity value/ enjoyment (43% yes). Access to technology (40% yes) and required student …

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The Effectiveness Of Image Augmentation In Deep Learning Networks For Detecting Covid-19: A Geometric Transformation Perspective, M Elgendi, M U. Nasir, Q F. Tang, D Smith, M Elgendi, C Batte, B Spieler, W D. Leslie, C Menon, R R. Fletcher, N Howard, R Ward, W Parker, S Nicolaou Jan 2021

The Effectiveness Of Image Augmentation In Deep Learning Networks For Detecting Covid-19: A Geometric Transformation Perspective, M Elgendi, M U. Nasir, Q F. Tang, D Smith, M Elgendi, C Batte, B Spieler, W D. Leslie, C Menon, R R. Fletcher, N Howard, R Ward, W Parker, S Nicolaou

Faculty Publications

Chest X-ray imaging technology used for the early detection and screening of COVID-19 pneumonia is both accessible worldwide and affordable compared to other non-invasive technologies. Additionally, deep learning methods have recently shown remarkable results in detecting COVID-19 on chest X-rays, making it a promising screening technology for COVID-19. Deep learning relies on a large amount of data to avoid overfitting. While overfitting can result in perfect modeling on the original training dataset, on a new testing dataset it can fail to achieve high accuracy. In the image processing field, an image augmentation step (i.e., adding more training data) is often …

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The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures And Covid-19 Risks In The Health Of Children, P D. Sly, B A. Trottier, C M. Bulka, S A. Cormier, P D. Sly, R C. Fry, K W. Kim, S Kleeberger, P Kumar, P J. Landrigan, K L. Carlsen, A Pascale, F Polack, M Ruchirawat, H J. Zar, W A. Suk Jan 2021

The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures And Covid-19 Risks In The Health Of Children, P D. Sly, B A. Trottier, C M. Bulka, S A. Cormier, P D. Sly, R C. Fry, K W. Kim, S Kleeberger, P Kumar, P J. Landrigan, K L. Carlsen, A Pascale, F Polack, M Ruchirawat, H J. Zar, W A. Suk

Faculty Publications

Background: An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution. Objectives: To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps. Methods: An international group of researchers interested in children's environmental health was …

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The Impact Of Covid-19 On Consumer Food Wastejel Codes, B E. Roe, K Bender, D Y. Qi Jan 2021

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Consumer Food Wastejel Codes, B E. Roe, K Bender, D Y. Qi

Faculty Publications

Perhaps no phenomenon has so quickly and radically altered household production parameters and daily food patterns as the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We contemplate the immediate and longer-term implications of this public health crisis on the amount of food wasted by consumers. We conclude that the pandemic and its aftermath may improve household skills and management practices in a manner that reduces day-to-day household food waste. However, pandemic-driven disruptions may induce larger intermittent purges of food due to changes in work patterns and food service and food retailing availability. We recommend several steps to reduce waste as the pandemic …

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Btk/Itk Dual Inhibitors: Modulating Immunopathology And Lymphopenia For Covid-19 Therapy, M C. Mcgee, A August, W S. Huang Jan 2021

Btk/Itk Dual Inhibitors: Modulating Immunopathology And Lymphopenia For Covid-19 Therapy, M C. Mcgee, A August, W S. Huang

Faculty Publications

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling is involved in innate immune responses and regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines that can contribute to COVID-19 immunopathology. Clinical trials with BTK inhibitors in COVID-19 treatment have been proposed, and previous studies have attempted to investigate the therapeutic effects of ibrutinib and underlying mechanisms in treating viral pneumonia. These attempts, however, did not consider potential off target effect of BTK inhibitors on T cell differentiation, function, and survival, which may be beneficial in treatment for COVID-19. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of BTK/IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) signaling in immunopathology and lymphopenia and discuss …

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Telehealth And Autism Prior To And In The Age Of Covid-19: A Systematic And Critical Review Of The Last Decade, K S. Ellison, J Guidry, P Picou, P Adenuga, K S. Ellison Jan 2021

Telehealth And Autism Prior To And In The Age Of Covid-19: A Systematic And Critical Review Of The Last Decade, K S. Ellison, J Guidry, P Picou, P Adenuga, K S. Ellison

Faculty Publications

There has been growing interest in the use of telehealth; however, the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent isolation and restrictions placed on in-person services have fast-tracked implementation needs for these services. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been particularly affected due to the often-intensive service needs required by this population. As a result, the aim of this review was to examine the evidence base, methodology, and outcomes of studies that have used telehealth for assessment and/or intervention with children and adolescents with ASD as well as their families over the last decade. Further, the goal is to highlight the …

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Experimental Re-Infected Cats Do Not Transmit Sars-Cov-2, N N. Gaudreault, M Carossino, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, N N. Gaudreault, D W. Madden, K Cool, B L. Artiaga, C Mcdowell, D Bold, V Balaraman, T Kwon, W J. Ma, J Henningson, D W. Wilson, W C. Wilson, U C. Balasuriya, A Garcia-Sastre, J A. Richt Jan 2021

Experimental Re-Infected Cats Do Not Transmit Sars-Cov-2, N N. Gaudreault, M Carossino, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, N N. Gaudreault, D W. Madden, K Cool, B L. Artiaga, C Mcdowell, D Bold, V Balaraman, T Kwon, W J. Ma, J Henningson, D W. Wilson, W C. Wilson, U C. Balasuriya, A Garcia-Sastre, J A. Richt

Faculty Publications

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and responsible for the current global pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can efficiently transmit the virus to naive cats. Here, we address whether cats previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 can be re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. In two independent studies, SARS-CoV-2-infected cats were re-challenged with SARS-CoV-2 at 21 days post primary challenge (DPC) and necropsies performed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-secondary challenge (DP2C). Sentinels were co-mingled with the re-challenged cats at 1 DP2C. Clinical signs were recorded, and nasal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swabs, blood, …

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Online-Delivered Group And Personal Exercise Programs To Support Low Active Older Adults' Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial, M R. Beauchamp, R M. Hulteen, G R. Ruissen, Y Liu, M R. Beauchamp, C M. Wierts, K J. Waldhauser, S H. Harden, E Puterman Jan 2021

Online-Delivered Group And Personal Exercise Programs To Support Low Active Older Adults' Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial, M R. Beauchamp, R M. Hulteen, G R. Ruissen, Y Liu, M R. Beauchamp, C M. Wierts, K J. Waldhauser, S H. Harden, E Puterman

Faculty Publications

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, experts in mental health science emphasized the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to support and maintain the mental health of older adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether a group-based exercise program relative to a personal exercise program (both delivered online) and waitlist control (WLC) can improve the psychological health of previously low active older adults during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) trial was a 3-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between May and September 2020 in which …

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Increases In Distress During Stay-At-Home Mandates During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study, J D. Buckner, C N. Abarno, E M. Lewis, M J. Zvolensky, J D. Buckner Jan 2021

Increases In Distress During Stay-At-Home Mandates During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study, J D. Buckner, C N. Abarno, E M. Lewis, M J. Zvolensky, J D. Buckner

Faculty Publications

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to over 500,000 deaths, and hospitalization of thousands of individuals worldwide. Cross-sectional data indicate that anxiety and depression levels are greater during the pandemic, yet no known prospective studies have tested this assertion. Further, individuals with elevated trait anxiety prior to a global pandemic may theoretically be more apt to experience greater pandemic-related anxiety and/or impairment. The current study tested whether anxiety and depression increased from the month before the state?s Stay-At-Home order to the period of the Stay-At-Home order among 120 young adults in Louisiana, a state with especially high rates …

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Cognitive Disorders Associated With Hospitalization Of Covid-19: Results From An Observational Cohort Study, J Q. Zhou, C Liu, Y T. Sun, W S. Huang, J Q. Zhou Jan 2021

Cognitive Disorders Associated With Hospitalization Of Covid-19: Results From An Observational Cohort Study, J Q. Zhou, C Liu, Y T. Sun, W S. Huang, J Q. Zhou

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Our understanding of risk factors for COVID-19, including pre-existing medical conditions and genetic variations, is limited. To what extent the pre-existing clinical condition and genetic background have implications for COVID-19 still needs to be explored. Methods: Our study included 389,620 participants of European descent from the UK Biobank, of whom 3,884 received the COVID-19 test and 1,091 were tested positive for COVID-19. We examined the association of COVID-19 status with an extensive list of 974 medical conditions and 30 blood biomarkers. Additionally, we tested the association of genetic variants in two key genes related to severe acute respiratory syndrome …

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Top1 Inhibition Therapy Protects Against Sars-Cov-2-Induced Lethal Inflammation, J S. Ho, B W. Mok, L Campisi, T Jordan, J S. Ho, S Parameswaran, J A. Wayman, N N. Gaudreault, D A. Meekins, S V. Indran, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, Y S. Fstkchyan, R Rathnasinghe, Z Y. Zhu, S M. Zheng, N M. Zhao, K White, H Ray-Jones, V Malysheva, M J. Thiecke, S Y. Lau, H L. Liu, A N. Zhang, S Lee, W C. Liu, S Jangra, A Escalera, T Aydillo, B S. Melo, E Guccione, R Sebra, E Shum, J Bakker Jan 2021

Top1 Inhibition Therapy Protects Against Sars-Cov-2-Induced Lethal Inflammation, J S. Ho, B W. Mok, L Campisi, T Jordan, J S. Ho, S Parameswaran, J A. Wayman, N N. Gaudreault, D A. Meekins, S V. Indran, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, Y S. Fstkchyan, R Rathnasinghe, Z Y. Zhu, S M. Zheng, N M. Zhao, K White, H Ray-Jones, V Malysheva, M J. Thiecke, S Y. Lau, H L. Liu, A N. Zhang, S Lee, W C. Liu, S Jangra, A Escalera, T Aydillo, B S. Melo, E Guccione, R Sebra, E Shum, J Bakker

Faculty Publications

The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro, and in vivo analyses, we report that topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic treatment with two doses of topotecan (TPT), an FDA-approved TOP1 inhibitor, suppresses infection-induced inflammation in hamsters. TPT treatment as late as 4 days post-infection reduces morbidity and rescues mortality in a transgenic mouse …

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The Infrared Evolution Of Dust In V838 Monocerotis, C E. Woodward, A Evans, D P. Banerjee, T Liimets, C E. Woodward, S Starrfield, G C. Clayton, S P. Eyres, R D. Gehrz, R M. Wagner Jan 2021

The Infrared Evolution Of Dust In V838 Monocerotis, C E. Woodward, A Evans, D P. Banerjee, T Liimets, C E. Woodward, S Starrfield, G C. Clayton, S P. Eyres, R D. Gehrz, R M. Wagner

Faculty Publications

Luminous Red Variables are most likely eruptions that are the outcome of stellar mergers. V838 Mon is one of the best-studied members of this class, representing an archetype for stellar mergers resulting from B-type stars. As result of the merger event, nova-like eruptions occur driving mass loss from the system. As the gas cools considerable circumstellar dust is formed. V838 Mon erupted in 2002 and is undergoing very dynamic changes in its dust composition, geometry, and infrared luminosity providing a real-time laboratory to validate mineralogical condensation sequences in stellar mergers and evolutionary scenarios. We discuss recent NASA Stratospheric Observatory for …

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Spitzer's Last Look At Extragalactic Explosions: Long-Term Evolution Of Interacting Supernovae, T Szalai, O D. Fox, R G. Arendt, E Dwek, T Szalai, G C. Clayton, A V. Filippenko, J Johansson, P L. Kelly, K Krafton, A P. Marston, J C. Mauerhan, D Y. Van, Sd Jan 2021

Spitzer's Last Look At Extragalactic Explosions: Long-Term Evolution Of Interacting Supernovae, T Szalai, O D. Fox, R G. Arendt, E Dwek, T Szalai, G C. Clayton, A V. Filippenko, J Johansson, P L. Kelly, K Krafton, A P. Marston, J C. Mauerhan, D Y. Van, Sd

Faculty Publications

Here we present new, yet final, mid-infrared (mid-IR) data for supernovae (SNe) based on measurements with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Comparing our recent 3.6 and 4.5 mu m photometry with previously published mid-IR and further multiwavelength data sets, we were able to draw some conclusions about the origin and heating mechanism of the dust in these SNe or in their environments, as well as about possible connection with circumstellar matter (CSM) originating from pre-explosion mass-loss events in the progenitor stars. We also present new results regarding both certain SN classes and single objects. We highlight the mid-IR homogeneity of SNe …

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All-Sky Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Isolated Neutron Stars In The Early O3 Ligo Data, R Abbott, T D. Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, R Abbott, A Adams, C Adams, R X. Adhikari, V B. Adya, C Affeldt, D Agarwal, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D. Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, T Akutsu, K M. Aleman, G Allen, A Allocca, P A. Altin, A Amato, S B. Anand, A Ananyeva, S B. Anderson, W G. Anderson, M Ando, S V. Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M. Antelis, S Antier, S Appert Jan 2021

All-Sky Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Isolated Neutron Stars In The Early O3 Ligo Data, R Abbott, T D. Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, R Abbott, A Adams, C Adams, R X. Adhikari, V B. Adya, C Affeldt, D Agarwal, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D. Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, T Akutsu, K M. Aleman, G Allen, A Allocca, P A. Altin, A Amato, S B. Anand, A Ananyeva, S B. Anderson, W G. Anderson, M Ando, S V. Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M. Antelis, S Antier, S Appert

Faculty Publications

We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20-2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [-1.0; +0.1] x 10(-8) Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95% confidence-level (C.L.) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude …

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Kepler K2 Campaign 9-I. Candidate Short-Duration Events From The First Space-Based Survey For Planetary Microlensing, I Mcdonald, E Kerins, R Poleski, M T. Penny, I Mcdonald, S Mao, P Fouque, W Zhu, W Zang Jan 2021

Kepler K2 Campaign 9-I. Candidate Short-Duration Events From The First Space-Based Survey For Planetary Microlensing, I Mcdonald, E Kerins, R Poleski, M T. Penny, I Mcdonald, S Mao, P Fouque, W Zhu, W Zang

Faculty Publications

We present the first short-duration candidate microlensing events from the Kepler K2 mission. From late April to early July 2016, Campaign 9 of K2 obtained high temporal cadence observations over a 3.7 deg(2) region of the Galactic bulge. Its primary objectives were to look for evidence of a free-floating planet (FFP) population using microlensing, and demonstrate the feasibility of space-based planetary microlensing surveys. Though Kepler K2 is far from optimal for microlensing, the recently developed MCPM photometric pipeline enables us to identify and model microlensing events. We describe our blind event-selection pipeline in detail and use it to recover 22 …

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Relationship Between Atmospheric Teleconnections And The Northern Hemisphere's Circumpolar Vortex, N Bushra, R V. Rohli Jan 2021

Relationship Between Atmospheric Teleconnections And The Northern Hemisphere's Circumpolar Vortex, N Bushra, R V. Rohli

Faculty Publications

The Northern Hemispheric circumpolar vortex (NHCPV) is the hemispheric-scale, middle- and upper-tropospheric wind belt circumnavigating the North Pole. It is delineated by the well-known polar front jet stream, and it bends poleward at ridges and equatorward at troughs at various amplitudes and positions over time. Previous work assessed the accuracy of representing the NHCPV using a new technique through correlations to air-sea teleconnections known to be related to broad-scale, extratropical steering circulation at the monthly scale. Results of that work suggested that the method allows for notable improvements in the calculation of area and circularity of the 500-hPa manifestation of …

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The Magellan-Tess Survey. I. Survey Description And Midsurvey Results, Johanna Teske, Sharon Xuesong Wang, Angie Wolfgang, Tianjun Gan, Mykhaylo Plotnykov6, David J. Armstrong, R. Paul Butler, Bryson Cale, Jeffrey D. Crane, Ward Howard, Eric L. N. Jensen, Nicholas Law, Stephen A. Shectman, Peter Plavchan, Diana Valencia, Andrew Vanderburg, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Vardan Adibekyan, David Barrado, Susana C. C. Barros, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, David J. A. Brown, Edward M. Bryant, Jennifer Burt, Douglas A. Caldwell, David Charbonneau, Ryan Cloutier, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, Knicole D. Colon, Dennis M. Conti, Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Jason D. Eastman, Mohammed Elmufti, Fabo Feng, Erin Flowers, Natalia M. Guerrero, Saeed Hojjatpanah, Jonathan M. Irwin, Giovanni Isopi, Jorge Lillo-Box, Franco Mallia, Bob Massey, Mayuko Mori, Susan E. Mullally, Norio Narita, Taku Nishiumi, Ares Osborn, Martin Paegert, Jerome Pitogo De Leon, Samuel N. Quinn, Michael Reefe, Richard P. Schwarz, Avi Shporer, Abderahmane Soubkiou, Sérgio G. Sousa, Chris Stockdale, Paul A. Strøm, Thiam-Guan Tan, Jiaxin Tang, Peter Tenenbaum, Peter J. Wheatley, Justin Wittrock, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Farzaneh Zohrabi45 Jan 2021

The Magellan-Tess Survey. I. Survey Description And Midsurvey Results, Johanna Teske, Sharon Xuesong Wang, Angie Wolfgang, Tianjun Gan, Mykhaylo Plotnykov6, David J. Armstrong, R. Paul Butler, Bryson Cale, Jeffrey D. Crane, Ward Howard, Eric L. N. Jensen, Nicholas Law, Stephen A. Shectman, Peter Plavchan, Diana Valencia, Andrew Vanderburg, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Vardan Adibekyan, David Barrado, Susana C. C. Barros, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, David J. A. Brown, Edward M. Bryant, Jennifer Burt, Douglas A. Caldwell, David Charbonneau, Ryan Cloutier, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, Knicole D. Colon, Dennis M. Conti, Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Jason D. Eastman, Mohammed Elmufti, Fabo Feng, Erin Flowers, Natalia M. Guerrero, Saeed Hojjatpanah, Jonathan M. Irwin, Giovanni Isopi, Jorge Lillo-Box, Franco Mallia, Bob Massey, Mayuko Mori, Susan E. Mullally, Norio Narita, Taku Nishiumi, Ares Osborn, Martin Paegert, Jerome Pitogo De Leon, Samuel N. Quinn, Michael Reefe, Richard P. Schwarz, Avi Shporer, Abderahmane Soubkiou, Sérgio G. Sousa, Chris Stockdale, Paul A. Strøm, Thiam-Guan Tan, Jiaxin Tang, Peter Tenenbaum, Peter J. Wheatley, Justin Wittrock, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Farzaneh Zohrabi45

Faculty Publications

Kepler revealed that roughly one-third of Sunlike stars host planets orbiting within 100 days and between the size of Earth and Neptune. How do these planets form, what are they made of, and do they represent a continuous population or multiple populations? To help address these questions, we began the Magellan-TESS Survey (MTS), which uses Magellan II/PFS to obtain radial velocity (RV) masses of 30 TESS-detected exoplanets and develops an analysis framework that connects observed planet distributions to underlying populations. In the past, small-planet RV measurements have been challenging to obtain due to host star faintness and low RV semiamplitudes …

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Datos Preliminares De La Temporada 2019 Del Proyecto De Investigación Arqueológica Cerro San Isidro, Distrito De Moro, Ancash, David Chicoine, Jeisen Navarro Jan 2021

Datos Preliminares De La Temporada 2019 Del Proyecto De Investigación Arqueológica Cerro San Isidro, Distrito De Moro, Ancash, David Chicoine, Jeisen Navarro

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Role Of Dissipative Effects In The Quantum Gravitational Onset Of Warm Starobinsky Inflation In A Closed Universe Jan 2021

Role Of Dissipative Effects In The Quantum Gravitational Onset Of Warm Starobinsky Inflation In A Closed Universe

Faculty Publications

A problematic feature of low-energy-scale inflationary models, such as Starobinsky inflation, in a spatially closed universe is the occurrence of a recollapse and a big crunch singularity before inflation can even set in. In a recent work, it was shown that this problem can be successfully resolved in loop quantum cosmology for a large class of initial conditions due to a nonsingular cyclic evolution and a hysteresislike phenomenon. However, for certain highly unfavorable initial conditions, the onset of inflation was still difficult to obtain. In this work, we explore the role of dissipative particle production, which is typical in warm …

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Gaia Gral: Gaia Dr2 Gravitational Lens Systems. Vi. Spectroscopic Confirmation And Modeling Of Quadruply Imaged Lensed Quasars, D Stern, S G. Djorgovski, A Krone-Martins, D Sluse, D Stern, C Ducourant, R Teixeira, J Surdej, C Boehm, B R. Den, D O. J, D R. D, G A. A, G R. L, J A. Mj, K L. P, L L. J, J F. Campion, A Mahabal, F Mignard, T Murphy, A Nierenberg, S Scarano, J Simon, J Slezak, C Spindola-Duarte, J Wambsganss Jan 2021

Gaia Gral: Gaia Dr2 Gravitational Lens Systems. Vi. Spectroscopic Confirmation And Modeling Of Quadruply Imaged Lensed Quasars, D Stern, S G. Djorgovski, A Krone-Martins, D Sluse, D Stern, C Ducourant, R Teixeira, J Surdej, C Boehm, B R. Den, D O. J, D R. D, G A. A, G R. L, J A. Mj, K L. P, L L. J, J F. Campion, A Mahabal, F Mignard, T Murphy, A Nierenberg, S Scarano, J Simon, J Slezak, C Spindola-Duarte, J Wambsganss

Faculty Publications

Combining the exquisite angular resolution of Gaia with optical light curves and WISE photometry, the Gaia Gravitational Lenses group (GraL) uses machine-learning techniques to identify candidate strongly lensed quasars, and has confirmed over two dozen new strongly lensed quasars from the Gaia Data Release 2. This paper reports on the 12 quadruply imaged quasars identified by this effort to date, which is a similar to 20% increase in the total number of confirmed quadruply imaged quasars. We discuss the candidate selection, spectroscopic follow-up, and lens modeling. We also report our spectroscopic failures as an aid for future investigations.

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Simulating Highly Eccentric Common Envelope Jet Supernova Impostors, Shlomi Hillel, Ron Schreier, Sagiv Shiber, Noam Soker Jan 2021

Simulating Highly Eccentric Common Envelope Jet Supernova Impostors, Shlomi Hillel, Ron Schreier, Sagiv Shiber, Noam Soker

Faculty Publications

We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of ecceniric common envelope jet supernova (CEJSN) impostors, i.e. a neutron star that crosses through the envelope of a red supergiant star on a highly eccentric orbit and launches jets as it accretes mass from the envelope. Because of numerical limitations, we apply a simple prescription where we inject the assumed jets' power into two opposite conical regions inside the envelope. We find the outflow morphology to be very complicated, clumpy, and non-spherical, having a large-scale symmetry only about the equatorial plane. The outflow morphology can substantially differ between simulations that differ by their jets' …

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All-Sky Search For Long-Duration Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The Third Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo Run, #Ref! Jan 2021

All-Sky Search For Long-Duration Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The Third Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo Run, #Ref!

Faculty Publications

After the detection of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the search for transient gravitational-wave signals with less well-defined waveforms for which matched filtering is not well suited is one of the frontiers for gravitational-wave astronomy. Broadly classified into short less than or similar to 1 s and long greater than or similar to 1 s duration signals, these signals are expected from a variety of astrophysical processes, including non-axisymmetric deformations in magnetars or eccentric binary black hole coalescences. In this work, we present a search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's third observing run from …

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An Earth-Mass Planet In A Time Of Covid-19: Kmt-2020-Blg-0414lb, Leandro De Almeida, Andrew Gould, Cheongho Han, Iona Kondo, Chung-Uk Lee, Shude Mao, Yossi Shvartzvald, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang, Xiangyu Zhang Jan 2021

An Earth-Mass Planet In A Time Of Covid-19: Kmt-2020-Blg-0414lb, Leandro De Almeida, Andrew Gould, Cheongho Han, Iona Kondo, Chung-Uk Lee, Shude Mao, Yossi Shvartzvald, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang, Xiangyu Zhang

Faculty Publications

We report the discovery of KMT-2020-BLG-0414Lb, with a planet-to-host mass ratio q (2) = 0.9-1.2 x 10(-5) = 3-4 circle plus at 1 sigma, which is the lowest mass-ratio microlensing planet to date. Together with two other recent discoveries (4 less than or similar to q/q (circle plus) less than or similar to 6), it fills out the previous empty sector at the bottom of the triangular (log s, log q) diagram, where s is the planet-host separation in units of the angular Einstein radius theta E. Hence, these discoveries call into question the existence, or at least the strength, …

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Searches For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Young Supernova Remnants In The Early Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Virgo, R Abbott, T D. Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, R Abbott, A Adams, C Adams, R X. Adhikari, V B. Adya, C Affeldt, D Agarwal, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D. Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, T Akutsu, K M. Aleman, G Allen, A Allocca, P A. Altin, A Amato, S B. Anand, A Ananyeva, S B. Anderson, W G. Anderson, M Ando, S V. Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M. Antelis, S Antier, S Appert Jan 2021

Searches For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Young Supernova Remnants In The Early Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Virgo, R Abbott, T D. Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, R Abbott, A Adams, C Adams, R X. Adhikari, V B. Adya, C Affeldt, D Agarwal, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D. Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, T Akutsu, K M. Aleman, G Allen, A Allocca, P A. Altin, A Amato, S B. Anand, A Ananyeva, S B. Anderson, W G. Anderson, M Ando, S V. Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M. Antelis, S Antier, S Appert

Faculty Publications

We present results of three wide-band directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from 15 young supernova remnants in the first half of the third Advanced LIGO and Virgo observing run. We use three search pipelines with distinct signal models and methods of identifying noise artifacts. Without ephemerides of these sources, the searches are conducted over a fRequency band spanning from 10 to 2 kHz. We find no evidence of continuous gravitational radiation from these sources. We set upper limits on the intrinsic signal strain at 95% confidence level in sample subbands, estimate the sensitivity in the full band, and derive …

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Everything You Wanted To Know About Space Radiation But Were Afraid To Ask, Jeffery Chancellor, Craig Nowadly, Jacqueline Williams, Serena Aunon-Chancellor, Megan Chesal, Jayme Looper, Wayne Newhauser Jan 2021

Everything You Wanted To Know About Space Radiation But Were Afraid To Ask, Jeffery Chancellor, Craig Nowadly, Jacqueline Williams, Serena Aunon-Chancellor, Megan Chesal, Jayme Looper, Wayne Newhauser

Faculty Publications

The space radiation environment is a complex combination of fast-moving ions derived from all atomic species found in the periodic table. The energy spectrum of each ion species varies widely but is prominently in the range of 400–600 MeV/n. The large dynamic range in ion energy is difficult to simulate in ground-based radiobiology experiments. Most ground-based irradiations with mono-energetic beams of a single one ion species are delivered at comparatively high dose rates. In some cases, sequences of such beams are delivered with various ion species and energies to crudely approximate the complex space radiation environment. This approximation may cause …

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'Vermillion' Sweetpotato, Don R. La Bonte, Christopher A. Clark, Tara P. Smith, Arthur Q. Villordon, C. Scott Stoddard Jan 2021

'Vermillion' Sweetpotato, Don R. La Bonte, Christopher A. Clark, Tara P. Smith, Arthur Q. Villordon, C. Scott Stoddard

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of The Small Changes, Healthy Habits Pilot Program: Its Influence On Healthy Eating And Physical Activity Behaviors Of Adults In Louisiana, Praja Adhikari, Elizabeth Gollub Jan 2021

Evaluation Of The Small Changes, Healthy Habits Pilot Program: Its Influence On Healthy Eating And Physical Activity Behaviors Of Adults In Louisiana, Praja Adhikari, Elizabeth Gollub

Faculty Publications

The community-based Small Changes, Healthy Habits (SCHH) program was developed to teach skills and techniques to help adults in Louisiana make and maintain small behavioral changes in their food selection, preparation, and consumption, and in physical activity routines. The content of this four-week program included habit formation and goal setting techniques; physical activity guidance; strategies for a healthier home food environment; a grocery store tour focused on label reading for healthier food selections; basic knife and cooking skills. The program was piloted at ten sites throughout the state. A survey with 14 core items was applied before and after the …

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Documenting The Establishment, Spread, And Severity Of Phyllachora Maydis On Corn, In The United States, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Diane E. Plewa, Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette, Norman D. Bowman, Jan M. Byrne, Joseph Laforest, Felipe Dalla-Lana, Dean K. Malvick, Daren S. Mueller, Martin I. Chilvers, Pierce A. Paul, Richard N. Raid, Alison E. Robertson, Gail E. Ruhl, Damon L. Smith, Darcy E.P. Telenko Jan 2021

Documenting The Establishment, Spread, And Severity Of Phyllachora Maydis On Corn, In The United States, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Diane E. Plewa, Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette, Norman D. Bowman, Jan M. Byrne, Joseph Laforest, Felipe Dalla-Lana, Dean K. Malvick, Daren S. Mueller, Martin I. Chilvers, Pierce A. Paul, Richard N. Raid, Alison E. Robertson, Gail E. Ruhl, Damon L. Smith, Darcy E.P. Telenko

Faculty Publications

Tar spot on corn, caused by the fungus (Phyllachora maydis Maubl. [Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae]), is an emerging disease in the United States. In 2018 and 2019, significant but localized epidemics of tar spot occurred across the major corn producing region of the Midwest. After being first detected in 2015, tar spot was detected in 135 and 139 counties where the disease was not previously detected in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and is now established across 310 counties across the United Sates. Foliage with signs (stromata) of P. maydis and symptoms of tar spot were collected from 128 fields in 2018 and …

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