Digital Commons Network^™

Hinterlands To Cities: The Archaeology Of Northwest Mexico And Its Vecinos, Matthew C. Pailes, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Tis approachable book is a comprehensive synthesis of Northwest Mexico from the US border to the Mesoamerican frontier. Filling a vital gap in the regional literature, it serves as an essential reference not only for those interested in the specific history of this area of Mexico but western North America writ large. A period-by-period review of approximately14,000 years reveals the dynamic connections that knitted together societies inhabiting the Sea of Cortez coast, the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts, and the Sierra Madre Occidental. Networks of interaction spanned these diverse ecological, topographical, and cultural terrains in the millennia following the demise of …

Strength In Numbers: A Field Experiment In Gender, Influence, And Group Dynamics, Olga B. Stoddard, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Jessica Preece

Faculty Publications

Policy interventions to increase women’s presence in the workforce and leadership positions vary in their intensity, with some including a lone or token woman and others setting higher quotas. However, little is known about how the resulting group gender compositions influence individuals’ experiences and broader workplace dynamics. In this paper, we investigate whether token women are disadvantaged compared to women on majority-women mixed-gender teams. We conducted a multi-year field experiment with a top-10 undergraduate accounting program that randomized the gender composition of semester-long teams. Using laboratory, survey, and administrative data, we find that even after accounting for their proportion of …

The Innovation And Reporting Consequences Of Financial Regulation For Young Life-Cycle Firms, Abigail Allen, Melissa F. Lewis-Western, Kristen Valentine

Faculty Publications

Firm life-cycle stage reflects a firm’s current strategic direction toward exploration independent of age or size. We provide evidence that young life-cycle firms are particularly vulnerable to negative innovation consequences from financial regulation but do not appear to experience any compensating financial reporting quality (FRQ) benefits. Using a generalized difference-indifferences design around Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), we document a significant reduction in both research and development (R&D) spending and innovation outputs for young life-cycle stage firms after regulation. Declines in innovation manifest both from the diversion of scarce resources and from the imposition of an organizational culture mismatched …

Accounting Academics Perceptions Of 12 Research Journals, F. Greg Burton, William G. Heninger, Scott L. Summers, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

This paper reports perceptions of over 1,000 accounting faculty regarding 12 accounting journals (including the traditional Top 3/6), specifically in: (1) how open they are to diverse topic areas, (2) how open they are to diverse research methodologies, (3) how effectively they produce new and useful knowledge for academics, and (4) how effectively they produce new and useful knowledge for non-academic stakeholders. We find that the traditional Top 3/6 journals do not lead the academy along these four dimensions; in fact, some are viewed as the worst performers in these areas. Furthermore, we find that academics have a relatively poor …

Representation Of Race And Ethnicity In Counseling And Counseling Psychology Journals, Jared M. Hawkins, Roy A. Bean, Timothy B. Smith, Jonathan G. Sandberg

Faculty Publications

Whereas previous literature reviews have concluded that people of color are underrepresented in psychological literature, the fields of counseling and counseling psychology have taken a clear affirmative stance with respect to human diversity. This study sought to evaluate the representation of people of color in four key journals across the 2000-2019 timespan: The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Journal of Counseling & Development, and Counselling Psychology Quarterly. Journal articles were coded for several variables, including focus on racial/ethnic minority (REM) groups and article content topics. Results indicated that 757 (26.3%) of the articles were coded REM-focused. Of …

Standardizing Assessment Of Spoken Discourse In Aphasia: A Working Group With Deliverables, Tyson G. Harmon, Brielle C. Stark, Manaswita Dutta, Laura L. Murray, Lucy Bryant, Davida Fromm, Brian Macwhinney, Amy E. Ramage, Angela Roberts, Dirk B Den Ouden, Kris Brock, Katy Mckinney-Bock, Eun Jin Paek, Si On Yoon, Charalambos Themistocleous, Hyunsoo Yoo, Katharine Aveni, Stephanie Gutierrez, Saryu Sharma

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The heterogeneous nature of measures, methods, and analyses reported in the aphasia spoken discourse literature precludes comparison of outcomes across studies (e.g., meta-analyses) and inhibits replication. Furthermore, funding and time constraints significantly hinder collecting test-retest data on spoken discourse outcomes. This research note describes the development and structure of a working group, designed to address major gaps in the spoken discourse aphasia literature, including a lack of standardization in methodology, analysis, and reporting, as well as nominal data regarding the psychometric properties of spoken discourse outcomes. Method: The initial initiatives for this working group are to (a) propose recommendations …

Mountain Men Reveal Yellowstone: Observations Of Daniel Potts, Warren Ferris, And Osborne Russell In The 1820s And 1830s, Jay H. Buckley, Nathan Benavidez

Faculty Publications

As Yellowstone National Park celebrates its 150th anniversary as the first such park in the world, it is fascinating to rediscover the records of mountain men and and that the same features that enthrall modern visitors captivated them as well. “Sonder” is the realization that other people with whom we share the mortal coil have lived lives just as complex and wonderous as our own. Americans can no better appreciate this than when they stand in Yellowstone National Park today and marvel at the same grandeur mountain men witnessed two hundred years ago.

Qualified Immunity And Unqualified Assumptions, Teressa Ravenell, Riley H. Ross Iii

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Foreword: Probing The Intersection Of Climate Change And Public Health, Ana Santos Rutschman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Trust In Science: The Crisis Of Expertise As An Ideological, And Not Only A Scientific Controversy, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

Within the so-called "culture wars" dividing our nation politically, there is a law-related division over the trustworthiness of consensus science-the so-called "crisis of expertise." When the science concerning climate change, mask-wearing, or vaccinations becomes politicized, it loses its mooring in scientific evidence and impacts the effectiveness of regulatory law. Perhaps counter-intuitively, however, the solution is likely not to wear "Because Science" t-shirts while insisting on "cold, hard facts" and diagnosing as stupid those who believe the scientific theories of marginalized, minority-view scientists. Indeed, a certain level of modesty-regarding the uncertainties and tentativeness of even the best science-is necessary for the …

Promoting Vaccine Innovation, Mirit Eyal-Cohen, Ana Santos Rutschman

Faculty Publications

As society grows to understand the need to promote innovation, policymakers try to employ an arsenal of policy tools, from traditional intellectual property (“IP”) to newer tools such as grants, regulatory vouchers, and prizes. This Article argues that these frameworks crowd out certain types of investments in innovation projects that have a high social value. Vaccine innovation is a case in point. Despite the immense socioeconomic benefit of vaccines, existing policies have been limited in fostering investments in this space. This is because they fail to directly address the relevant bottleneck issues distinct to vaccine development.

This Article offers a …

Unincorporating Qualified Immunity, Teressa Ravenell

Faculty Publications

Scholars, judges, activists, and policymakers alike have criticized the doctrine of qualified immunity, which emerged in Pierson v. Ray to shield government actors from monetary liability in a wide range of suits filed under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, derived from the Civil Rights Act of 1871. These criticisms have ranged from the practical to the principled, but they largely ignore the question of statutory interpretation: is it valid to read § 1983, which makes no mention of any defense or immunity, as incorporating a qualified defense for government officials who acted in good faith and with probable cause? The Court …

Why Insurance Needs A Restatement: The Case Of Settlement Decision Law, Chaim Saiman

Faculty Publications

Even before its publication, the Restatement of the Law, Liability Insurance had been subjected to withering wholesale criticism that it creates aspirational and pro-policyholder insurance law. This view continues to be forcefully promoted by insurers and their advocates in the legal literature and by governors and state legislatures in the political areas.

This Article finds these wholesale criticisms unwarranted. Liability insurance law is not a field where law is simply found and restated. In fact, settlement law offers the most vivid examples of why the Restatement of the Law, Liability Insurance is possible, useful, and justified. It is possible because …

Viral Sovereignty,Vaccine Diplomacy,And Vaccine Nationalism: The Institutions Of Global Vaccine Access, Sam F. Halabi, Ana Santos Rutschman

Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global vaccine race. Distributive questions about which countries will receive scarce doses and under which conditions pervade international law and diplomacy. This Article is the first to describe the phenomena that have driven the development of international vaccine-sharing mechanisms, identify the international organizational forces that explain the phenomena, and explain how international organizations may facilitate international cooperation before, during, and after global crises.

This Article explores the longstanding dissociation between global public health imperatives and nationalist responses to pandemics within the frameworks of “vaccine nationalism,” “viral sovereignty,” and “vaccine diplomacy.” The Article then considers …

Supply Chain Transparency: Consumer Reactions To Incongruent Signals, Diane A. Mollenkopf, Simone T. Peinkofer, Yu Chu

Faculty Publications

In response to consumers' growing interest in how products are sourced, produced, and distributed, organizations are increasingly transparent about their supply chain sustainability practices. Supply chain transparency (SCT) efforts are intended to signal positive information about the company to consumers but the benefits are often unclear, especially when consumers receive multiple, but mixed signals that include negative events. We draw on signaling theory to explore how consumers develop impressions of a company's products based on different evaluative dimensions: the positive integrity signal of SCT and the negative capability signal of a product recall. The incongruent signal set creates ambiguity for …

I, Jill Alexander, American Girl Revolutionary, Taraneh M. Haghanikar

Faculty Publications

Analyzing the insider-outsider continuum in Remembrance of the Sun (1986, 2011) by Kate Gilmore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal different levels of being a female outsider protagonist moving along the insider-outsider continuum, maintaining an outsider voice, and at the same time developing an insider perspective. Remembrance of the Sun is a historical fiction authored by an outsider and set in 1978, one year before the Islamic revolution in Iran. After moving from New England to Tehran, Jill, a seventeen-year-old American girl, struggles to adjust to an unfamiliar lifestyle. However, her experience becomes a story of love and …

Exploring State Department Of Education Grading Guidance During Covid-19: A Model For Future Emergency Remote Learning, Matt Townsley, Joshua Kunnath

Faculty Publications

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many United States brick-and-mortar schools in Spring 2020 rapidly transitioned to emergency remote learning. School leaders grappled with how grades ought to fit within the many unknowns of K-12 remote education. In some cases, schools modified their grading scales to give students greater flexibility to pass courses, and in other situations, schools offered incomplete grades in lieu of failures. During this time, state departments of education (DOEs) provided a variety of guidance documents to their school districts. The purpose of this study was to explore the components of state DOE grading guidance during the Spring …

Discerning Users Of Information: A Qualitative Analysis Of Student Inquiry, Karla Steege Krueger, Joan Bessman Taylor

Faculty Publications

A shift is needed in information and digital literacy instruction and assessment led by elementary and secondary school librarians with an emphasis on the evaluation of information sources. The need is in response to widespread societal sharing of mis- and disinformation related to political news including the politicizing of scientific understandings of a disease and the ensuing distrust of the messages of public health officials during the COVID-19 global pandemic. In this article, I create an instructional framework for information evaluation that is grounded in data derived from a qualitative content analysis of published research, standards, and theoretical perspectives and …

Predicting And Explaining Pre-Service Teachers’ Social Networking Technology Adoption, Nandita Gurjar, Stephen Sivo

Faculty Publications

This research study examined pre-service teachers’ (N=250) intentions to adopt Twitter for professional development. The study used the Technology Acceptance Model to test research hypotheses grounded in the literature. The data were collected with a survey questionnaire and analyzed with Structural Equation Modelling. Findings indicated that ease of use, subjective norms, and perceived connectedness explained the variability in intentions to use Twitter. Perceived mobility, mediated through perceived behavioral control, explained participant differences in the perceived ease of use. Implications for stakeholders include highlighting the role subjective norms and mobile applications play in facilitating the ease of use and connectedness because …

Shifting Preservice Teachers’ Sources Of Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Through Scaffolded Reflection: Fostering Commitment To Reform-Based Mathematics, Brooke Krejci, Elana Joram, Anthony J. Gabriele

Faculty Publications

Efforts to promote reform-based mathematics instruction in schools are pervasive, yet many teachers continue to use more traditional, procedural methods (Paolucci, 2015). In this chapter, the authors suggest that to achieve sustained adoption of reform-based instruction in mathematics, it is essential for professional development programs to draw teachers’ attention to sources of mathematics teaching efficacy afforded by reform-based teaching, such as enhanced student thinking. Educator preparation programs are ideal settings in which to begin this process, and the authors describe how scaffolded reflection activities within a mathematics methods course were used to focus preservice teachers’ attention on sources of mathematics …

Oscar Wilde, Whiskey And The Peacock Room, Roy R. Behrens

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Magnetic Weyl Semimetallic Phase In Thin Films Of Eu2ir2 O7, Xiaoran Liu, Shiang Fang, Yixing Fu, Wenbo Ge, Mikhail Kareev, Jong Woo Kim, Yongseong Choi, Evguenia Karapetrova, Qinghua Zhang, Lin Gu, Eun Sang Choi, Fangdi Wen, Justin H. Wilson, Gilberto Fabbris, Philip J. Ryan, John W. Freeland, Daniel Haskel, Weida Wu, J. H. Pixley, Jak Chakhalian

Faculty Publications

The interplay between electronic interactions and strong spin-orbit coupling is expected to create a plethora of fascinating correlated topological states of quantum matter. Of particular interest are magnetic Weyl semimetals originally proposed in the pyrochlore iridates, which are only expected to reveal their topological nature in thin film form. To date, however, direct experimental demonstrations of these exotic phases remain elusive, due to the lack of usable single crystals and the insufficient quality of available films. Here, we report on the discovery of signatures for the long-sought magnetic Weyl semimetallic phase in (111)-oriented Eu2Ir2O7 high-quality epitaxial thin films. We observed …

The Online Criminal Trial As A Public Trial, Stephen Smith

Faculty Publications

There are two ways of favorably conceiving online trials in Sixth Amendment terms. One is that an online trial is a public trial, by its terms. The other is that an online trial may not be public, for Sixth Amendment purposes, but may nonetheless satisfy applicable constitutional demands for trials considered “closed.” This Essay proposes both: that an online trial is fundamentally “public” for Sixth Amendment purposes and, if it is not, it may still be a constitutional accommodation of the Sixth Amendment’s public trial guarantee, in appropriate circumstances.

The constitutionality of an online trial may be largely an idle …

A Combined Molecular Dynamics/Monte Carlo Simulation Of Cu Thin Film Growth On Tin Substrates: Illustration Of Growth Mechanisms And Comparison With Experiments, Reza Namakian, Brian R. Novak, Xiaoman Zhang, Wen Jin Meng, Dorel Moldovan

Faculty Publications

Using a sequential molecular dynamics (MD)/time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo (tfMC) algorithm to simulate the deposition of Cu species onto a TiN(001) substrate at 600 K, it is shown for the first time that at the very early stage of growth, BCC-Cu grows pseudomorphically on the TiN(001) substrate as a very thin continuous film with the BCC-Cu[001]//TiN[001] growth direction. By increasing the thickness of the Cu thin film, however, the film transforms through the Nishiyama-Wasserman mechanism from BCC into predominantly FCC-Cu with abundant nanotwins, which is the same type of structure obtained in the experiment conducted here via a dc magnetron …

Vapor Isotopic Evidence For The Worsening Of Winter Air Quality By Anthropogenic Combustion-Derived Water, Meng Xing, Weiguo Liu, Xia Li, Weijian Zhou, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Xiaofei Li, Xuexi Tie, Guohui Li, Junji Cao, Huiming Bao, Zhisheng An

Faculty Publications

© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Anthropogenic combustion-derived water (CDW) may accumulate in an airshed due to stagnant air, which may further enhance the formation of secondary aerosols and worsen air quality. Here we collected three-winter-season, hourly resolution, water-vapor stable H and O isotope compositions together with atmospheric physical and chemical data from the city of Xi’an, located in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB) in northwestern China, to elucidate the role of CDW in particulate pollution. Based on our experimentally determined water vapor isotope composition of the CDW for individual and weighted fuels in the basin, we found …

Vapor Isotopic Evidence For The Worsening Of Winter Air Quality By Anthropogenic Combustion-Derived Water, Meng Xing, Weiguo Liu, Xia Li, Weijian Zhou, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Xiaofei Li, Xuexi Tie, Guohui Li, Junji Cao, Huiming Bao, Zhisheng An

Faculty Publications

© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Anthropogenic combustion-derived water (CDW) may accumulate in an airshed due to stagnant air, which may further enhance the formation of secondary aerosols and worsen air quality. Here we collected three-winter-season, hourly resolution, water-vapor stable H and O isotope compositions together with atmospheric physical and chemical data from the city of Xi’an, located in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB) in northwestern China, to elucidate the role of CDW in particulate pollution. Based on our experimentally determined water vapor isotope composition of the CDW for individual and weighted fuels in the basin, we found …

Pandemic Images And Gestalt Theory: Introspective Musings About A Series Of Digital Art-Works, Roy R. Behrens

Faculty Publications

In this paper, the author shares his thoughts about the precedents, process, and significance of a series of “digital montage” artworks that he originated during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, he talks about the indebtedness of these works to Gestalt theory, and particularly their use of what is sometimes known as “laws of seeing,” “unit-forming factors,” or inherent “grouping tendencies.”

Exploring The Relationships Among Stoichiometric Coefficients, Number Of Transferred Electrons, Mean Oxidation Number Of Carbons, And Oxidative Ratio In Organic Combustion Reactions, Pong Kau Yuen, Cheng Man Diana Lau

Faculty Publications

Combustion reactions, stoichiometry, and redox reactions are some of the basic contents in chemistry curriculum. Although the counting of transferred electrons is critical in redox reactions, assigning mean oxidation number of organic carbons (ONc) is not always easy. Even though the relationship between the oxidative ratio (OR) and ONc is known, the relationship between the number of transferred electrons (Te−) and OR has not been thoroughly studied. The H-atom method has already been developed to balance and deduct organic combustion reactions. It can be used further to help establish the relationships among the stoichiometric coefficients (SC), the number of transferred …

A Da+2:46ta-Intensive Approach To Allocating Owner Vs. Nfip Portion Of Average Annual Flood Losses, Adilur Rahim, Carol Freidland, Robert Rohli, Nazla Bushra, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rapid Ac Electrokinetic Micromixer With Electrically Conductive Sidewalls, Fang Yang, Wei Zhao, Cuifang Kuang, Guiren Wang

Faculty Publications

We report a quasi T-channel electrokinetics-based micromixer with electrically conductive sidewalls, where the electric field is in the transverse direction of the flow and parallel to the conductivity gradient at the interface between two fluids to be mixed. Mixing results are first compared with another widely studied micromixer configuration, where electrodes are located at the inlet and outlet of the channel with electric field parallel to bulk flow direction but orthogonal to the conductivity gradient at the interface between the two fluids to be mixed. Faster mixing is achieved in the micromixer with conductive sidewalls. Effects of Re numbers, applied …