Digital Commons Network^™

Khirbat Safra (2020-2021), Paul Z. Gregor, Paul Ray, Robert D. Bates, Trisha Broy, Talmadge Gerald

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reliable Mode Tracking For Gradient-Based Optimization With Dynamic Stability Constraints, Taylor Mcdonnell, Andrew Ning

Faculty Publications

In order to construct mode-specific flutter constraints for use in gradient-based multidisciplinary design optimization frameworks, mode tracking must be used to associate the current iteration's modes with the modes corresponding to each constraint function. Existing mode tracking methods, however, do not provide a method by which to ensure the accuracy of mode associations, making them unsuitable for use in situations where obtaining correct mode associations is critical. To remedy this issue, a new mode tracking method is presented which incorporates backtracking logic in order to maintain an arbitrarily high degree of confidence in mode correlations during gradient-based optimization and/or during …

Signatures Of Multiband Effects In High-Harmonic Generation In Monolayer Mos2, Lun Yue, Richard Hollinger, Can B. Uzundal, Bailey Nebgen, Ziyang Gan, Emad Najafidehaghani, Antony George, Christian Spielmann, Daniil Kartashov, Andrey Turchanin, Diana Y. Qiu, Mette B. Gaarde, Michael Zuerch

Faculty Publications

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has been touted as a way to probe ultrafast dynamics and crystal symmetries in condensed matter systems. Here, we investigate the polarization properties of high-order harmonics generated in monolayer MoS2, as a function of crystal orientation relative to the mid-infrared laser field polarization. At several different laser wavelengths we experimentally observe a prominent angular shift of the parallel-polarized odd harmonics for energies above approximately 3.5 eV, and our calculations indicate that this shift originates in subtle differences in the recombination dipole strengths involving multiple conduction bands. This observation is material specific and is in addition …

Hd-Tdcs Of Primary And Higher-Order Motor Cortex Affects Action Word Processing, Karim Johari, Nicholas Riccardi, Svetlana Malyutina, Mirage Modi, Rutvik H. Desai

Faculty Publications

The contribution of action-perception systems of the brain to lexical semantics remains controversial. Here, we used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in healthy adults to examine the role of primary (left hand motor area; HMA) and higher-order (left anterior inferior parietal lobe; aIPL) action areas in action-related word processing (action verbs and manipulable nouns) compared to non-action-related control words (non-action verbs and non-manipulable nouns). We investigated stimulation-related effects at three levels of semantic processing: subliminal, implicit, and explicit. Broadly, we found that stimulation of HMA and aIPL resulted in relative facilitation of action-related language processing compared to non-action. HMA …

Fund Behavioral Science Like The Frameworks We Endorse: The Case For Increased Funding Of Preliminary Studies By The National Institutes Of Health, Michael Beets, Christopher Pfledderer, Lauren Von Klinggraeff, Sarah Burkart, Bridget Armstrong

Faculty Publications

Innovative, groundbreaking science relies upon preliminary studies (aka pilot, feasibility, proof-of-concept). In the behavioral sciences, almost every large-scale intervention is supported by a series of one or more rigorously conducted preliminary studies. The importance of preliminary studies was established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2014/2015 in two translational science frameworks (NIH Stage and ORBIT models). These frameworks outline the essential role preliminary studies play in developing the next generation of evidence-based behavioral prevention and treatment interventions. Data produced from preliminary studies are essential to secure funding from the NIH’s most widely used grant mechanism for large-scale clinical …

A Numerical Reassessment Of The Gulf Of Mexico Carbon System In Connection With The Mississippi River And Global Ocean, Le Zhang, Z. George Xue

Faculty Publications

Coupled physical-biogeochemical models can fill the spatial and temporal gap in ocean carbon observations. Challenges of applying a coupled physical-biogeochemical model in the regional ocean include the reasonable prescription of carbon model boundary conditions, lack of in situ observations, and the oversimplification of certain biogeochemical processes. In this study, we applied a coupled physical-biogeochemical model (Regional Ocean Modelling System, ROMS) to the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and achieved an unprecedented 20-year high-resolution (5 km, 1/22°) hindcast covering the period of 2000 to 2019. The biogeochemical model incorporated the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pools and the formation and dissolution …

Responses Of Phytoplankton Communities Driven By Differences Of Source Water Intrusions In The El Niño And La Niña Events In The Taiwan Strait During The Early Spring, Yanping Zhong, Edward A. Laws, Jiafu Zhuang, Jingxiao Wang, Peixuan Wang, Caiyun Zhang, Xin Liu, Bangqin Huang

Faculty Publications

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important drivers of interannual variations of marine ecosystems, especially monsoonal ecosystems. The channel effect in a strait amplifies the impact of monsoons and may be an ideal area to study ecosystem responses to ENSO events. Previous studies have shown that physical processes in the Taiwan Strait (TWS) vary during the different ENSO phases, but the biological responses are still unclear. In this study, we found clear differences in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the TWS between different ENSO phases based on data from satellites and field cruises …

Impact Of Zirconia Slurry In Steel Powder On Melt Pool Characteristics In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Taylor Davis, Tracy W. Nelson, Nathan B. Crane

Faculty Publications

Purpose – dding dopants to a powder bed could be a cost-effective method for spatially varying the material properties in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) or for evaluating new materials and processing relationships. However, these additions may impact the selection of processing parameters. Furthermore, these impacts may be different when depositing nanoparticles into the powder bed than when the same composition is incorporated into the powder particles as by ball milling of powders or mixing similarly sized powders. This study aims to measure the changes in the single bead characteristics with laser power, laser scan speed, laser spot size and …

Transmission Roles Of Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Covid-19 Cases: A Modelling Study, Jianbin Tan, Yang Ge, Leonardo Martinez, Jimin Sun, Changwei Li, Adrianna Westbrook, Enfu Chen, Jinren Pan, Yang Li, Wei Cheng, Feng Ling, Zhinping Chen, Ye Shen, Hui Huang

Faculty Publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) asymptomatic cases are hard to identify, impeding transmissibility estimation. The value of COVID-19 transmissibility is worth further elucidation for key assumptions in further modelling studies. Through a population-based surveillance network, we collected data on 1342 confirmed cases with a 90-days follow-up for all asymptomatic cases. An age-stratified compartmental model containing contact information was built to estimate the transmissibility of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The difference in transmissibility of a symptomatic and asymptomatic case depended on age and was most distinct for the middle-age groups. The asymptomatic cases had a 66.7% lower transmissibility rate than symptomatic …

Contestation And Participation: Concepts, Measurement, And Inference, Vanessa Alexandra Boese, Matthew Wilson Phd

Faculty Publications

Contestation and participation are commonly viewed as two main constituent dimensions of electoral democracy. How exactly have these two dimensions been conceptualized and measured in the literature? Are they empirically observable and do they matter for democratic development and stability? This article answers the first of these questions and considers their implications for the second by reviewing the literature on these two dimensions. We discuss three issues that affect conclusions about dimensions of democracy and their relevance for understanding democratic development: First, conceptual ambiguities—substantive overlap between the two concepts—obscure the meanings of each of the two dimensions. Such ambiguities led …

Assessing The Testability Of The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) In Predicting Vaping Quitting Behavior Among Young Adults In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey., Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Chia-Liang Dai, Traci Hayes, Melinda J. Ickes, Tejinder Pal Singh

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Given the increased exposure to e-cigarettes and nicotine among young adults, difficulty in quitting vaping is likely, which supports the need for effective behavioral interventions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the testability of the contemporary multi-theory model of health behavior change in predicting the vaping quitting behavior among young adults in the United States.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of 619 young adults engaged in vaping behavior and aged 18–24 years was recruited to complete a 49-item web-based survey. A structural equation model was used to test relationships between MTM constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression was …

Positive Changes Made, Full Equality Not Achieved: Nc A&T State University In The Unc System And The Benefits It Received (1972-81), J. Charles Waldrup

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

James White Library: A History, Meredith Jones Gray

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Autism Training At A Small Liberal Arts College: Librarian Perceptions And Takeaways, Blake Robinson, Amelia M. Anderson

Faculty Publications

While there has been some research about the intersection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and larger research libraries, less work has been done in other academic library settings. To assess librarians’ knowledge of ASD, the authors administered an ASD training manual and subsequent survey to academic librarians at a liberal arts college library in the Southeast. The librarians found the training about ASD itself to be most valuable. Additionally, they gave positive assessments of their ability to serve students with ASD both at the individual and institutional levels. This suggests that librarians recognize the importance of serving this unique population.

Using Whole-Brain Diffusion Tensor Analysis To Evaluate White Matter Structural Correlates Of Delayed Visuospatial Memory And One-Week Motor Skill Retention In Nondemented Older Adults: A Preliminary Study, Jennapher Lingo Vangilder, Maurizio Bergamino, Andrew Hooyman, Megan C. Fitzhugh, Corianne Rogalsky, Jill C. Stewart, Scott C. Beeman, Sydney Y. Schaefer

Faculty Publications

Skill retention is important for motor rehabilitation outcomes. Recent work has demonstrated that delayed visuospatial memory performance may predict motor skill retention in older and neuropathological populations. White matter integrity between parietal and frontal cortices may explain variance in upper-extremity motor learning tasks and visuospatial processes. We performed a whole-brain analysis to determine the white matter correlates of delayed visuospatial memory and one-week motor skill retention in nondemented older adults. We hypothesized that better frontoparietal tract integrity would be positively related to better behavioral performance. Nineteen participants (age>58) completed diffusion-weighted imaging, then a clinical test of delayed visuospatial memory …

Bmi And Physical Activity, Military-Aged U.S. Population 2015–2020, Bryant J. Webber, Daniel B. Bornstein, Patricia A. Deuster, Francis G. O'Connor, Sohyun Park, Kenneth M. Rose, Geoffrey P. Whitfield

Faculty Publications

Excerpt: Obesity and physical inactivity are considered possible U.S. national security threats because of their impact on military recruitment. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of (1) BMI eligibility for military entrance, (2) adequate physical activity participation among the BMI-eligible population, and (3) combined BMI eligibility and adequate physical activity.

This cross-sectional study of nonpregnant, military-aged civilians (aged 17–42 years) used objectively measured weight and height data and self-reported aerobic physical activity data from the 2015–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMI eligibility was defined as 19.0–27.5 kg/m2, per Department of Defense regulation. Adequate physical …

Constructing The Spanish Empire In Havana: State Slavery In Defense And Development, 1762-1835, Matt D. Childs

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Topical Application Of An Irreversible Small Molecule Inhibitor Of Lysyl Oxidases Ameliorates Skin Scarring And Fibrosis, Nutan Chaudhari, Alison D. Findlay, Andrew W. Stevenson, Tristan D. Clemons, Yimin Yao, Amar Joshi, Sepidar Sayar, Gordon Wallace, Suzanne Rea, Priyanka Toshniwal, Zhenjun Deng, Philip E. Melton, Nicole Hortin, K. Swaminathan Iyer, Wolfgang Jarolimek, Fiona M. Wood, Mark W. Fear

Faculty Publications

Scarring is a lifelong consequence of skin injury, with scar stiffness and poor appearance presenting physical and psychological barriers to a return to normal life. Lysyl oxidases are a family of enzymes that play a critical role in scar formation and maintenance. Lysyl oxidases stabilize the main component of scar tissue, collagen, and drive scar stiffness and appearance. Here we describe the development and characterisation of an irreversible lysyl oxidase inhibitor, PXS-6302. PXS-6302 is ideally suited for skin treatment, readily penetrating the skin when applied as a cream and abolishing lysyl oxidase activity. In murine models of injury and fibrosis, …

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer: A Prospective Study, Zhen Lin, Yanfei Feng, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Xin Xu

Faculty Publications

The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) is a comprehensive, literature-derived index for assessing the effect of dietary constituents on inflammatory biomarkers and inflammation-related chronic diseases. Several studies have examined the association between E-DII scores and mortality, with results that vary across populations. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between E-DII scores and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Screening Trial. E-DII scores, calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire, were analyzed both as a continuous variable and after categorization into quintiles. A multivariate Cox …

James White Library Celebrates The 85th Anniversary, Margaret Adeogun

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Applications Of A Patient-Specific Whole-Body Ct-Mesh Hybrid Computational Phantom In Second Cancer Risk Prediction, Erika Kollitz, Moritz Roew, Haegin Han, Marco Pinto, Florian Kamp, Chan Hyeong Kim, Marco Schwarz, Claus Belka, Wayne Newhauser, Katia Parodi, George Dedes

Faculty Publications

Objective. CT-mesh hybrid phantoms (or ‘hybrid(s)’) made from integrated patient CT data and mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) can be beneficial for patient-specific whole-body dose evaluation, but this benefit has yet to be evaluated for second cancer risk prediction. The purpose of this study is to compare the hybrid’s ability to predict risk throughout the body with a patient-scaled MRCP against ground truth whole-body CTs (WBCTs). Approach. Head and neck active scanning proton treatment plans were created for and simulated on seven hybrids and the corresponding scaled MRCPs and WBCTs. Equivalent dose throughout the body was calculated and input into …

Strong Margin Influence On The Arctic Ocean Barium Cycle Revealed By Pan‐Arctic Synthesis, Laura M. Whitmore, Alan M. Shiller, Tristan J. Horner, Yang Xiang, Maureen E. Auro, Dorothea Bauch, Frank Dehairs, Phoebe J. Lam, Jingxuan Li, Maria T. Maldonado, Chantal Mears, Robert Newton, Angelica Pasqualini, Hélène Planquette, Robert Rember, Helmuth Thomas

Faculty Publications

Laura M. Whitmore et al, 2022, Strong margin influence on the Arctic Ocean barium cycle revealed by Pan‐Arctic synthesis, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Citation number, 10.1029/2021JC017417. To view the published open abstract, go to https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017417.

Availability Of Hospital-Based Cancer Services Before And After Rural Hospital Closure, 2008-2017, Whitney Zahnd Ph.D., Peiyin Hung Ph.D., Sylvia Kewei Shi, Anja Zgodic, Melinda A. Merrell Ph.D., Elizabeth L. Crouch, Janice C. Probst, Jan Eberth Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction

Rural populations have less access to cancer care services and experience higher cancer mortality rates than their urban counterparts, which may be exacerbated by hospital closures. Our objective was to examine the impact of hospital closures on access to cancer-relevant hospital services across hospital service areas (HSAs).

Methods

We used American Hospital Association survey data from 2008 to 2017 to examine the change in access to cancer-related screening and treatment services across rural HSAs that sustained hospitals over time, experienced any closures, or had all hospitals close. We performed a longitudinal analysis to assess the association between hospital closure …

Redefining Progress And The Case For Diversity In Innovation And Inventing, Colleen Chien

Faculty Publications

In the United States, women represent 50% of the workforce, but only 27% of STEM workers and 13% of inventors. This article surveys the scientific literature to make the empirical case for diversity in innovation and inventing, finding a growing body of research to show how diverse innovators expand the reach, quality, and quantity of innovation. It then surveys the history of patent law to make the legal case for prioritizing diversity in inventing, and for expanding conventional notions of “progress” in the patent system to include the promotion of a diverse set of innovators, rather than just innovation. It …

Confronting Hate Antisemitism, Racism, And The Resistance, Magda Teter

Faculty Publications

Antisemitism and anti-Black racism have often been viewed as separate issues. The exhibit “Confronting Hate: Racism, Antisemitism, and The Resistance,” a fruit of the work of students in HIST 4312: Antisemitism and Racism taught by Professors Westenley (Wes) Alcenat and Magda Teter in 2021-2022, seeks to open a conversation about historical and phenomenological connections between racism and antisemitism. The exhibit highlights the way popular culture, scholarly works, and art have served to construct ideas about race and racial identity. It explores how racist ideas became entrenched in European and American cultures and how Jews, Black people, and their allies strove …

Editorial: Quantum Light For Imaging, Sensing And Spectroscopy, Roberto De J. León-Montiel, Mario A. Quiroz-Juárez, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Juan P. Torres

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Neighborhood Characteristics And Dementia Symptomology Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Alzheimer’S Disease, Dana M. Alhasan, Matthew C. Lohman Ph.D., Jana A. Hirsch, Margaret Chandlee Miller Ms, Ph.D., Bo Cai Ph.D., Chandra L. Jackson

Faculty Publications

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) lead to myriad poor health outcomes among individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prior studies have observed associations between the various aspects of the home environment and NPSs, but macro-level environmental stressors (e.g., neighborhood income) may also disrupt the neuronal microenvironment and exacerbate NPSs. Yet, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the relationship between the neighborhood environment and NPSs.

Methods: Using 2010 data among older adults with AD collected from a sample of the South Carolina Alzheimer’s Disease Registry, we estimated cross-sectional associations between neighborhood characteristics and NPSs in the overall population and by race/ethnicity. Neighborhood …

Clustering Behavior In Solar Flare Dynamics, Elmer C. Rivera, Jay R. Johnson, Jonathan Homan, Simon Wing

Faculty Publications

The solar magnetic activity cycle provides energy input that is released in intense bursts of radiation known as solar flares. As such, the dynamics of the activity cycle is embedded in the sequence of times between the flare events. Recent analysis shows that solar flares exhibit memory on different timescales. These previous studies showed that the time ordering of flare events is not random, but rather there is dependence between successive flares. In the present work, the clustering of flares is demonstrated through a straightforward nonparametric method where the cumulative distribution function of successive flares is compared with the cumulative …

The Roles Of Flux Tube Entropy And Effective Gravity In The Inward Plasma Transport At Saturn, S. Wing, M. F. Thomsen, J. R. Johnson, D. G. Mitchell, R. C. Allen, X. Ma, P. A. Delamere

Faculty Publications

The inward plasma transport at the Saturnian magnetosphere is examined using the flux tube interchange stability formalism developed by Southwood & Kivelson. Seven events are selected. Three cases are considered: (1) the injected flux tube and ambient plasmas are nonisotropic, (2) the injected flux tube and ambient plasmas are isotropic, and (3) the injected flux tube plasma is isotropic, but the ambient plasma is nonisotropic. Case 1 may be relevant for fresh injections, while case 3 may be relevant for old injections. For cases 1 and 2, all but one event have negative stability conditions, suggesting that the flux tube …

Access To Nature And Economy In Rochester, Nh: Storymap Of A Walking Tour, Cody G. Crytzer, Shannon Rogers, Catherine M. Ashcraft

Faculty Publications

This StoryMap provides photos and short descriptions of a walking tour held on October 6, 2022 in Rochester, NH focused on exploring how access to nature supports a community’s economy and quality of life. The walking tour was organized by the Nature Economy Collaborative in partnership with the City of Rochester, Granite Outdoor Alliance, and the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. Funding was provided by the University of New Hampshire Collaborative Research Excellence (CoRE) Initiative. The interactive StoryMap is available at: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/9d7dc7cf7b0e4d349d082ac90b832d60/print