Digital Commons Network^™

The Impact Of Recent Litigation On Interlibrary Loan And Document Delivery, James S. Heller

Faculty Publications

Professor Heller discusses how two recent federal copyright law decisions, Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music in the United States Supreme Court and American Geophysical Union v. Texaco in the Second Circuit, may affect the interlibrary loan and document delivery services provided by libraries.

The Internet’S Hollow Promise, Del Coates

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Bludgeon By Any Other Name: The Misuse Of Ethical Rules Against Prosecutors To Control The Law Of The State, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

My objective here is threefold: (1) to explain these ethical rules and demonstrate how each is in conflict with longstanding principles of federal criminal law; (2) to explain why these rules are illegitimate, both as rules of ethics and as rules of positive law; and (3) to offer some observations on how the dispute over these rules can sharpen our thinking about the nature and proper limits of ethical rules governing lawyers.

Jewish Festivals Of The Bible, Richard M. Davidson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Acute Depression Of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis During Anoxia: Contributions Of Oxygen Sensing, Matrix Acidification, And Redox State, Kurt E. Kwast, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Mitochondrial protein synthesis is acutely depressed during anoxia-induced quiescence in embryos of Artemia franciscana. Oxygen deprivation is accompanied in vivo by a dramatic drop in extramitochondrial pH, and both of these alterations strongly inhibit protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria. Here we show that the oxygen dependence is not explained simply by blockage of the electron transport chain or by the increased redox state. Whereas oxygen deprivation substantially depressed protein synthesis within 5 min and resulted in a 77% reduction after 1 h, aerobic incubations with saturating concentrations of cyanide or antimycin A had little effect during the first 20 min …

Effects Of High-Molecular-Weight Dissolved Organic Matter On Nitrogen Dynamics In The Mississippi River Plume, Wayne S. Gardner, Ronald Benner, Rainer M.W. Amon, James B. Cotner Jr., Joann F. Cavaletto, Jeffrey R. Johnson

Faculty Publications

The dynamics of N and its interactions with labile dissolved organic C (DOC), bacteria, and phytoplankton were studied to determine potential effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and light on N dynamics in surface waters of the Mississippi River (USA) plume in the Gulf of Mexico. Bacterial uptake of added labeled N compounds ( ¹⁵NH₄⁺ or ¹⁵N-labeled dissolved free amino acids. DFAA) was stimulated more by high-molecular-weight (HMW, >l kDa) DOM than by low-molecular-weight (LMW, < l kDa) DOM. An index that inversely indicated the presence of labile DOC was defined as the fraction of assimilated Amino acid-¹⁵N that was Recovered as ¹⁵N -Ammonium (ANRA), following the additions of high-levels (4 µM) of ¹⁵N -DFAA. …

High-Order Tunable Sum And Difference Frequency Mixing In The Xuv Region, M. B. Gaarde, P. Antoine, A. Persson, B. Carré, A. L'Huillier, C. G. Wahlström

Faculty Publications

We present a study of tunable high-order sum and difference frequency mixing in the 7-70 eV range, in xenon, argon and neon. We mix the light from a terawatt, sub-picosecond titanium-sapphire laser and that from a tunable optical parametric generator. The radiation generated through mixing processes involves absorption or emission of one or two photons from the weak tunable source. The relative strengths of the sum and difference frequency processes depend strongly on the wavelength range of the generated radiation. The sum frequency processes are stronger at low photon energies in xenon, whereas the difference frequency processes dominated at high …

Short Stature And Risk Of Mortality And Cardiovascular Disease: Negative Findings From The Nhanes I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study, Youlian Liao, Daniel L. Mcgee, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Objectives. This study sought to examine the relation between body height and incidence of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Background. An association betweeen short stature and increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease has been observed in several studies, attracting considerable attention. Methods. We used data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1) Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study, a prospective study of a large random sample of the U.S. population. to examine the association between height and risk of four end points. Results. Baseline data were collected from 1971 to …

Active, Cooperative, And Experiential Learning, Joan Duea, Marc Yoder

Faculty Publications

The Study Group on the Conditions of Excellence in American Higher Education (1984) charged colleges and universities with too often treating students as passive learners who are not fully engaged in realizing their learning potential. Study Group recommendations have been elaborated by Astin (1985) in a theory of student development that portrays active involvement in learning as the essential factor. Apparently, many higher education institutions have responded to these charges and recommendations by developing and implementing new approaches to foster active learning in and outside of classrooms (Gaff, 1991).

Calibration Of Spaceborne Scatterometers Using Tropical Rain Forests, David G. Long, Gary B. Skouson

Faculty Publications

Wind scatterometers are radar systems designed specifically to measure the normalized radar backscatter coefficient (O) of the ocean's surface in order to determine the near-surface wind vector. Postlaunch calibration of a wind scatterometer can be performed with an extended-area natural target such as the Amazon tropical rain forest. Rain forests exhibit a remarkably high degree of homogeneity in their radar response over a very large area though some spatial and temporal variability exist. The authors present a simple technique for calibrating scatterometer data using tropical rain forests, Using a polynomial model for the rolloff of O with incidence angle, the …

Book Review: Contexts Of International Politics, By Gary Goertz, Harvey Starr

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Community And The Economy: The Theory Of Public Cooperation, Mark A. Klinedinst

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Conscription Of Fashion - Utility Cloth, Clothing, And Footwear, 1941-1952, L. Margaret Barnett

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Fostering A Culture Of Teaching, Linda Walsh

Faculty Publications

Teaching always occurs in some cultural context, which may be more or less supportive of teaching. Arrowsmith (1967, p. 58) observed:

"What matters then is the kind of context that we create for teaching and the largeness of the demands made upon the teacher ... At present the universities are as uncongenial to teaching as the Mojave Desert to a clutch of Druid priests. If you want to restore a Druid priesthood, you cannot do it by offering prizes for Druid-of- the-year. If you want Druids, you must grow forests. There is no other way of setting about it."

We …

Student Development And Learning, Ira Simet

Faculty Publications

The demographic characteristics of college students have changed significantly on campuses across the nation (Astin, 1985). In contrast to homogeneous backgrounds and interests, we now find several student subcultures on most every campus (Altbach, 1993). While the student perspective regarding learning has continued as a strong theme in the literature (e.g., Gibbs, 1981a; Ramsden, 1992), student diversity in higher education has stimulated new research on the development of knowledge, skills, and values during the college years.

Relationships Between Teaching And Research, William Ausmus

Faculty Publications

Teaching versus research or teaching and research. While articles still appear in the professional literature on the historical roots of the teaching versus research debate (e.g., Schachter, 1991), much of the discussion in higher education has moved to considering when and how teaching and research can be mutually effective and rewarding. For example, four distinguished faculty at Harvard (Riesman, Bell, Vendler, and Gould, 1987) provide their insights on how teaching and writing can be balanced during a faculty career. Sell (1995) suggests several cultural factors to consider in nourishing both teaching and research.

Learning For A Global Community, Geofrey Mills

Faculty Publications

Background materials and recommendations for expanding the international dimension of higher education are found in the Carnegie Council's study reported by Burn (1980). A more recent statement of the imperative of learning for a global community is found in Pickert (1992, p. iii):

"With the world integrated by economics, communications, transportation, and politics, Americans increasingly see that they live and work in a global marketplace of goods, services, and ideas. Policy makers and the public want educational programs to reflect the international ties that bind people as they bind nations. Colleges and universities must produce graduates who know other cultural …

Faculty And Career Development, Thomas Berg

Faculty Publications

Within the past decade, strong calls have been made for attention to the professional and career development of faculty in higher education. As highlighted in the report by Bowen and Schuster (1986), these concerns have ranged from the recruitment and preparation of prospective faculty to the revitalization of faculty in mid- and late-career stages. One of the primary assumptions underlying studies of faculty professional and career development is that faculty are the most essential resource (or asset) institutions of higher education possess (Layzell, Lovell, and Gill, 1994). However, not all faculty or their institutions have the same faculty development needs. …

Evaluation For Improvement And Appraisal, Michael Waggoner

Faculty Publications

Credibility of evaluations of teaching and research. One of the reasons given for the undervaluing of teaching in faculty personnel decisions is that evaluation of teaching is considered less credible (or trustworthy) than the evaluation of research. Some faculty and administrators believe " objective" evaluation of teaching is not possible or that effective teaching cannot be defined. These and other debilitating beliefs about the evaluation of teaching effectiveness are discussed by Sell (1988), who also compares the relative strengths of student, colleague, and self evaluations for documenting the effectiveness of teaching (Sell, 1993).

Learning With And About Technology, Ronald Abraham

Faculty Publications

Since the invention of printing, technology has offered great promise for increasing access and enhancing the effectiveness of education while reducing, or holding the line on, educational costs (Dressel and Marcus, 1982). What is most remarkable, however, is that all of the significant changes in educational technology (beyond print materials) have occurred during the 20th century.

The University As An Academy Of Scholars, Mark Grey

Faculty Publications

Goodman's conception of the academy. The concept of the university as an academy of scholars is one that reaches back to the medieval period. Goodman (1962) captures the essence of such an academy in the following seven characteristics: (1) teaching and learning are a personal relation, being necessary for both the student and the teacher; (2) to their students, teachers are veterans who have demonstrated the way of learning in the world and prove it can be done; (3) the guild, whether of students or masters, is the home and community of its members; (4) the academy is an international …

Distance Education, Linda Walsh

Faculty Publications

Verduin and Clark (1991, p. 8) define distance education as "any formal approach to learning in which a majority of the instruction occurs while educator and learner are at a distance from one another." In all varieties of distance education programs, some form(s) of technology must be used for linking students with instruction. The kind and sophistication of technology used by distance education institutions varies greatly. Arranged by increasing levels of complexity, cost, and potential effectiveness (which depends on factors such as learner characteristics, learning objectives, and instructional design features), the primary means used to deliver distance education include the …

Learning To Learn, Taggart Frost

Faculty Publications

Those in adult and continuing education have long pursued the goal of equipping persons to undertake learning that is self-planned and self-directed (Knowles, 1975; Tough, 1971). In an environment of rapid social and technological change, accompanied by exponential growth in the production and dissemination of knowledge in virtually all fields, preparing students for a lifetime of learning-a learning society-is not something nice to do, but something essential to accomplish. A high quality of life simply is not accessible to those who have not learned to learn for a variety of complex purposes and situations.

Education And Cultural Diversity, Gretta Berghammer

Faculty Publications

Beginning with the influx of "new" students following World War II, the higher education community has become more diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, financial background, academic preparation, vocational goals, and physical abilities. Levine (1993) traces these historical developments, which clearly are uneven across institutions. In addition, the pace of change has been unsteady for at least some subgroups served by higher education. While each of the five decades has marked increasing numbers and percentages of "minority" students enrolled in colleges and universities, enrollment growth in some minority groups-especially African-American and Native American-has slowed or reversed. Enrollment is also different …

On Tree-Partitions Of Graphs, Guoli Ding, Bogdan Oporowski

Faculty Publications

A graph G admits a tree-partition of width k if its vertex set can be partitioned into sets of size at most k so that the graph obtained by identifying the vertices in each set of the partition, and then deleting loops and parallel edges, is a forest. In the paper, we characterize the classes of graphs (finite and infinite) of bounded tree-partition-width in terms of excluded topological minors.

Rapidity Gaps Between Jets In Photoproduction At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, R. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, R. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, C. Nemoz, F. Palmonari

Faculty Publications

Photoproduction events which have two or more jets have been studied in the Wγp range 135 GeV < Wγp < 280 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA. A class of events is observed with little hadronic activity between the jets. The jets are separated by pseudorapidity intervals (Δη) of up to four units and have transverse energies greater than 6 GeV. A gap is defined as the absence between the jets of particles with transverse energy greater than 300 MeV. The fraction of events containing a gap is measured as a function of Δη. It decreases exponentially as expected for processes in which colour is exchanged between the jets, up to a value of Δη ∼ 3, then reaches a constant value of about 0.1. The excess above the exponential fall-off can be interpreted as evidence for hard diffractive scattering via a strongly interacting colour singlet object.

Rapidity Gaps Between Jets In Photoproduction At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, R. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, R. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, Margarita C. K. Mattingly

Faculty Publications

Photoproduction events which have two or more jets have been studied in the Wγp range 135 GeV < Wγp < 280 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA. A class of events is observed with little hadronic activity between the jets. The jets are separated by pseudorapidity intervals (Δη) of up to four units and have transverse energies greater than 6 GeV. A gap is defined as the absence between the jets of particles with transverse energy greater than 300 MeV. The fraction of events containing a gap is measured as a function of Δη. It decreases exponentially as expected for processes in which colour is exchanged between the jets, up to a value of Δη ∼ 3, then reaches a constant value of about 0.1. The excess above the exponential fall-off can be interpreted as evidence for hard diffractive scattering via a strongly interacting colour singlet object.

Towards A Loop Representation For Quantum Canonical Supergravity, Daniel Armand-Ugon, Rodolfo Gambini, Octavio Obregón, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

We study several aspects of the canonical quantization of supergravity in terms of the Ashtekar variables. We cast the theory in terms of a GSU (2) connection and we introduce a loop representation. The solution space is similar to the loop representation of ordinary gravity, the main difference being the form of the Mandelstam identities. Physical states are in general given by knot invariants that are compatible with the GSU/(2) Mandelstam identities. There is an explicit solution to all the quantum constraint equations connected with the Chern-Simons form, which coincides exactly with the Dubrovnik version of the Kauffman polynomial. This …

Constraints On Initial Ahs Deployment And The Concept Definition Of A Shuttle Service For Ahs Debut, H.-S. Jacob Tsao

Faculty Publications

The concept of automated highway system (AHS) was motivated primarily by its potential for large capacity and safety gains without requiring significant right-of-way acquisition. However, highway automation involves a multitude of design options as well as systems issues. Compounded by the crucial dimension of evolving the current highway system towards the mature AH& there exist a large number of possible evolutionary paths to AHS. Perhaps due to the immense complexity, little attention has been paid to the evolution dimension.Particularly important and difficult in defining a deployment sequence is the very first step,i.e. the first user service involving fully automated (hands-off …

Stage Definition For Ahs Deployment And An Ahs Evolutionary Scenario, H.-S. Jacob Tsao

Faculty Publications

The concept of automated highway systems (AHS) as a means to solve the fast-worsening highway congestion problem has received renewed attention recently. Pros and cons of various mature AHS have been a subject of intense study. However, such discussions are nothing but intellectual exercises unless the issue of how to evolve the current highway systems towards these mature AHS can be resolved. There exist a large number of different possible mature AHS. The additional dimension of evolution leads to an even larger number of possible evolutionary scenarios. This paper proposes an approach to defining evolutionary scenarios and illustrates it with …