Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of A Protein-Free Chemically Defined Culture Medium For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, J. F. La Peyre, M. Faisal

Faculty Publications

In the present study we describe a protein-free, chemically defined culture medium, designated JL-ODRP-3, which supports the propagation of Perkinsus marinus, a parasite of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. P. marinus adapted rapidly to the defined medium and the growth rate of the protozoan increased significantly following a few subcultures. Two isolates of P. marinus, one from the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia) and the other from the Gulf of Mexico (Texas) were cultured for at least ten passes. The doubling times for the isolates from Virginia and Texas, in log phase, were 18 ± 1.2 and 28.6 ± 3.2 hours respectively, …

Transgenic Dairy Cattle: Genetic Engineering On A Large Scale, R. J. Wall, D. E. Kerr, K. R. Bondioli

Faculty Publications

Amid the explosion of fundamental knowledge generated from transgenic animal models, a small group of scientists has been producing transgenic livestock with goals of improving animal production efficiency and generating new products. The ability to modify mammary-specific genes provides an opportunity to pursue several distinctly different avenues of research. The objective of the emerging gene "pharming" industry is to produce pharmaceuticals for treat-ing human diseases. It is argued that mammary glands are an ideal site for producing complex bioactive proteins that can be cost effectively harvested and purified. Consequently, during the past decade, approximately a dozen companies have been created …

Attenuation, Persistence, And Vaccine Potential Of An Edwardsiella Ictaluri Pura Mutant, Mark L. Lawrence, Richard K. Cooper, Ronald L. Thune

Faculty Publications

In this study, an adenine-auxotrophic strain of Edwardsiella ictaluri was constructed and its virulence, tissue persistence, and vaccine efficacy were evaluated. A clone containing the purA gene was isolated from an E. ictaluri genomic library, sequenced, and shown to have an overall sequence identity of 79.3% at the nucleotide level and 85.7% at the amino acid level with the Escherichia coli purA gene. The cloned E. ictaluri purA gene was mutated by deleting a 598-bp segment of the gene and inserting the kanamycin resistance gene from TraP03 into the gap. The ApurA::Km(r) gene was subcloned into the suicide plasmid pGP704, …

Interactive Effects Of Betaine And Monensin In Uninfected And Eimeria Acervulina-Infected Chicks, J. O. Matthews, T. L. Ward, L. L. Southern

Faculty Publications

Three experiments (Exp.) were conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary betaine (BET) and monensin (MON) in uninfected or Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. The treatments were replicated with six (Exp. 1) or five (Exp. 2 and 3) pens of five chicks each. The experimental periods lasted 9 (Exp. 1 and 2) or 10 (Exp. 3) d each and the coccidiosis infections were established on Day 2 (Exp. 1 and 2) or Day 3 (Exp. 3) of the experiment. Average initial weight of the chicks was 101, 73, and 68 g in Exp. 1 to 3, respectively, and the initial age …

Modeling Human Evolution - To Tree Or Not To Tree?, Stephen T. Sherry, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Alu Insertion Polymorphisms And Human Evolution: Evidence For A Larger Population Size In Africa, Mark Stoneking, Jennifer J. Fontius, Stephanie L. Clifford, Himla Soodyall, Santosh S. Arcot, Nilmani Saha, Trefor Jenkins, Mohammad A. Tahir, Prescott L. Deininger, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Alu insertion polymorphisms (polymorphisms consisting of the presence/absence of an Alu element at a particular chromosomal location) offer several advantages over other nuclear DNA polymorphisms for human evolution studies. First, they are typed by rapid, simple, PCR-based assays; second, they are stable polymorphisms-newly inserted Alu elements rarely undergo deletion; third, the presence of an Alu element represents identity by descent-the probability that different Alu elements would independently insert into the exact same chromosomal location is negligible; and fourth, the ancestral state is known with certainty to be the absence of an Alu element. We report here a study of 8 …

Primo Levi, Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

Chemistry and literature, viewed by most people as widely different subjects, come together in the works of Primo Levi, an Italian Jew who was both a professional chemist and a professional writer. Levi said that he wanted to fill the gap between the imaginative world of literature and the analytical world of science. Believing such a gap absurd, he was never daunted by the purported incompatibility between the two fields of knowledge. Levi's literary work is also marked by his experience in Auschwitz's concentration camp, where he was interned from February 1944 to January 1945. Through his characteristically clear and …

Child Care Policy And The Welfare Reform Act, Peter R. Pitegoff

Faculty Publications

This article sketches the 1996 Welfare Reform Act's major changes with particular attention to federally subsidized child care for low-income families.

Guest Editor's Observations: Back To Basics: Helping The Commission Solve The "Loss" Mess With Old Familiar Tools, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

Roughly one-quarter of all convicted federal defendants are sentenced for some kind of economic crime.1 There is an emerging consensus that the provisions of the federal sentencing guidelines devoted to economic crime do not work very well, a consensus that has created a powerful momentum for significant change. This Issue of FSR is about whether the guidelines concerning economic offenses, principally §2B1.1 (Theft) and §2F1.1 (Fraud), should be materially altered, and if so, how. The debate that has been joined over this question is technically complex and philosophically challenging. There are disagreements over issues as particular as when collateral posted …

Constitutional Gravity: A Unitary Theory Of Alternative Dispute Resolution And Public Civil Justice, Carl H. Esbeck

Faculty Publications

It is often said that America's founding was an experiment in government. Certainly few features of the American constitutional settlement left more to future chance--and were more of a break with existing European patterns--than the Establishment Clause set out in the First Amendment. The new Republic sought to rely on transcendent principles to justify its unpre-cedented advancements in human liberty. Concurrently, the Founders reject ed any official or fixed formulation of these principles, for no public credo was to be established by law. So it is more than just a little ironic that the nation's most cherished human rights depend …

Whose Team Are You On? My Team Or My Team?: The Nlra's Section 8(A)(2) And The Team Act, Rafael Gely

Faculty Publications

This article analyzes employee participatory programs from the internal labor markets perspective. Internal Labor Markets (“ILM”) refer to the explicit or implicit agreements between employer and employees incorporating rules governing wages, working hours, promotion opportunities and grievance procedures. In order to function properly, ILMs require employees to learn skills that are valuable to the contracting firm, but are of much lesser value elsewhere. Employees agree to acquire such “firm-specific” skills and employers agree to subsidize the training needed to obtain these new skills. It is a mutually beneficial arrangement: employers expect to observe increases in productivity and efficiency and employees …

Environmental Inequity: Economic Causes, Economic Solutions, Thom Lambert, Christopher Boerner

Faculty Publications

The article examines one such shortcoming: namely, that existing research fails to account for the dynamic nature of the housing market. Analyzing data from the St. Louis metropolitan area, this study finds that economic factors--not siting discrimination--are behind many claims of environmental racism. This phenomenon suggests the need to develop public policies that fit the economic nature of the problem. In particular, a policy that compensates individuals living near industrial sites is the key to securing environmental justice.

Public Justice: Toward A State Action Theory Of Alterative Dispute Resolution, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

Various forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) are increasingly taking the place of litigation to resolve disagreements among parties. ADR is frequently imposed by court rule or legislative command for certain types of cases, or compelled by courts when private parties contract to use ADR. To date, ADR doctrine has focused on the structural issues attendant to bringing these processes into the mainstream of American dispute resolution. This Article contends that courts must now address the question of whether ADR-both court-related and contractual-can constitute state action, and therefore be subject to constitutional restraints. The author surveys the history and modern …

Justice Scalia As A Modern Lord Devlin: Animus And Civil Burdens In Romer V. Evans, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the legal world was captivated by an ongoing debate between two of England's most respected jurists regarding whether and to what extent morality should be reflected in the law. The debate was instigated by the publication of the Wolfenden Report, a study presented to Parliament as it considered whether to repeal certain antisodomy laws in Great Britain. Lord Patrick Devlin, then a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and later elevated to the House of Lords, Britain's highest court, opposed the conclusions contained in the Wolfenden Report and supported the continuation of the antisodomy …

Finding The Right Target, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

It is no surprise that the most significant handgun control law passed by Congress has produced a potential blockbuster case before the U.S. Supreme Court. After all, intense debate has been going on for years over the extent of the right to bear arms under

the Second Amendment. Congress took more than a decade to pass the Brady Handgun Control Act of 1993, 18 U.S.C. § 922(s), named for James Brady, the press secretary to President Reagan who was wounded in a 1981 assassination attempt. But while a pair of cases challenging the Brady Act might have been expected to …

Gas-To-Wall Absorbed Dose Conversion Factors For Neutron Energies Of 25 To 250 Mev, W. D. Newhauser, U. J. Schrewe

Faculty Publications

Cavity chamber absorbed dose measurements do not usually strictly adhere to the conditions of the Fano theorem and therefore the differences in the gas and wall mass stopping powers must be taken into account. Values of gas-to-wall absorbed dose conversion factors rm,g were calculated for neutron energies of 25 to 250 MeV for detectors with walls of C, O, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Zr, AlN, Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, and A-150 tissue-equivalent (TE) plastic and with gas cavities of acetylene, dry air, Ar, an Ar-CO2 mixture, CO2, isobutane, isobutane-based TE, methane, methane-based TE, propane, and propane-based TE. The rm,g calculations required …

Measurements Of The Reactions [Formula Presented] And [Formula Presented], C. Athanassopoulos, L. B. Auerbach, R. L. Burman, D. O. Caldwell, E. Church, I. Cohen, B. D. Dieterle, J. B. Donahue, A. M. Eisner, A. Fazely, F. J. Federspiel, G. T. Garvey, M. Gray, R. M. Gunasingha, R. Imlay, K. Johnston, H. J. Kim, W. C. Louis, R. Majkic, K. Mcilhany, W. Metcalf, G. B. Mills, R. A. Reeder, V. Sandberg, D. Smith, I. Stancu, W. Strossman, R. Tayloe, G. J. Vandalen, W. Vernon, N. Wadia, J. Waltz, Y. X. Wang

Faculty Publications

Charged current scattering of [Formula Presented] on [Formula Presented] has been studied using a [Formula Presented] decay-in-flight [Formula Presented] beam at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. A sample of 56.8 [Formula Presented] events satisfying criteria for the exclusive reaction [Formula Presented] was obtained using a large liquid scintillator neutrino detector. The observed flux-averaged cross section [Formula Presented] agrees well with reliable theoretical expectations. A measurement was also obtained for the inclusive cross section to all accessible [Formula Presented] states [Formula Presented] This flux-averaged cross section is [Formula Presented] which is approximately half of that given by a recent continuum …

The Zeus Leading Proton Spectrometer And Its Use In The Measurement Of Elastic Ρ0 Photoproduction At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. R. Okrasiński, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, M. C.K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti

Faculty Publications

The differential cross section dσ/dt for elastic ρ0 photoproduction, γp → ρ0ρ (ρ0 → π+π-), has been measured in ep interactions at HERA. The squared four-momentum exchanged at the proton vertex, t, has been determined directly by measuring the momentum of the scattered proton using the ZEUS Leading Proton Spectrometer (LPS), a large scale system of silicon micro-strip detectors operating close to the HERA proton beam. The LPS allows the measurement of the momentum of high energy protons scattered at small angles with accuracies of 0.4% for the longitudinal momentum and 5 MeV for the transverse momentum. Photoproduction of ρ0 …

Search For Lepton Flavor Violation In Ep Collisions At 300 Gev Center Of Mass Energy, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. R. Okrasiński, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, M. C.K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam

Faculty Publications

Using the ZEUS detector at the HERA electron-proton collider, we have searched for lepton flavor violation in ep collisions at a center-of-mass energy (√s) of 300 GeV. Events of the type e + p → ℓ + X with a final-state lepton of high transverse momentum, ℓ = μ or τ, were sought. No evidence was found for lepton flavor violation in the combined 1993 and 1994 data samples, for which the integrated luminosities were 0.84 pb-1 for e-p collisions and 2.94 pb-1 for e+p collisions. Limits on coupling vs. mass are provided for leptoquarks and R-parity violating squarks. For …

A Geometric Method For Location Of Gravitational Wave Sources, Nadja S. Magalhães, Warren W. Johnson, Carlos Frajuca, Odylio D. Aguiar

Faculty Publications

We show that the interaction of a gravitational wave with a spherical resonant-mass antenna changes the antenna's shape to that of an ellipsoid. These changes in shape always determine the direction of the incoming wave and may provide information on the wave's polarization. We present a new approach for determining the position of astrophysical sources of gravitational waves which involves fewer calculations than in earlier methods. We also show how the measured quantities relate to the energy density of the wave. © 1997. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Techniques For Detecting Gravitational Waves With A Spherical Antenna, Stephen M. Merkowitz, Warren W. Johnson

Faculty Publications

We report the results of a theoretical and experimental study of a spherical gravitational wave antenna. We develop a number of techniques to deconvolve the data from a set of resonant transducers attached to the surface of a sphere to monitor the sphere’s five quadrupole modes. We show that by observing these modes, one can measure the five tensorial components of a gravitational wave. The inverse problem can then be solved and the direction of a gravitational wave can be determined. Asymmetries such as the nondegeneracy of the quadrupole modes and mistuning of the transducers are included in the model …

Generation Of Attosecond Pulses In Macroscopic Media, Philippe Antoine, Dejan B. Milošević, Anne L’Huillier, Mette B. Gaarde, Pascal Salières, Maciej Lewenstein

Faculty Publications

We describe theoretically the generation of ultrashort (subfemtosecond) pulses using high-order harmonics of a laser pulse with a time-dependent degree of ellipticity. The single-atom response is calculated by using a low-frequency strong-field approximation. Propagation effects are taken into account using a method going beyond the slowly varying envelope approximation. Propagation modifies significantly the results obtained in the single-atom response and, in certain conditions, makes the generation of one attosecond pulse possible. We discuss prospects for the observation of these ultrashort pulses. © 1997 The American Physical Society.

Phase-Locked High-Order Harmonic Sources, Raoul Zerne, Carlo Altucci, Marco Bellini, Mette B. Gaarde, T. W. Hänsch, Anne L’Huillier, Claire Lyngå, C. G. Wahlström

Faculty Publications

We demonstrate that two harmonic sources generated independently in a xenon gas jet using the same picosecond Nd:YAG laser are locked in phase. The experiment is performed by separating a laser beam into two parallel beams focused at different locations under the nozzle of a gas jet, and therefore producing two independent sources of harmonic radiation, and studying the pattern obtained in the far field when the radiations from these sources interfere. A high and robust fringe visibility is obtained. © 1997 The American Physical Society.

Numerical Modeling Of Self-Propagating Polymerization Fronts: The Role Of Kinetics On Front Stability, Stanislav E. Solovyov, Victor M. Llyashenko, John A. Pojman

Faculty Publications

Frontal propagation of a highly exothermic polymerization reaction in a liquid is studied with the goal of developing a mathematical model of the process. As a model case we consider monomers such as methacrylic acid and n -butyl acrylate with peroxide initiators, although the model is not limited to these reactants and can be applied to any system with the similar basic polymerization mechanism. A three-step reaction mechanism, including initiation, propagation and termination steps, as well as a more simple one-step mechanism, were considered. For the one-step mechanism the loss of stability of propagating front was observed as a sequence …

Crystal Structure Of (R,R)-N,N',-(2,2'-Bipyridine-6,6'-Dimethylenediyl)-Bis-(2,2'-Dimethoxy-1,1'-Binaphthalene-3-Carboxamide) Tetratoluene Solvate, (C58H46O6N4)2 · 4c7H8, S. Pakhomova, J. Ondrácek, J. Hodacová, I. Stibor

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Phytochrome Gene Diversity, S. Mathews, R. A. Sharrock

Faculty Publications

The structures and functions of the phytochrome apoprotein genes (the PHY genes), their diversity across the plant kingdom, and their evolution are central concerns in the study of red-light sensing in plants. We summarize here recent advances in two areas relating to these topics: (1) the characteristics of the PHY gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana, the higher plant species for which the most extensive information on these genes is available, and (2) the similarity relationships, phylogeny, and evolutionary implications of PHY gene sequences and partial sequences which have been described from various plants. Together, these two areas of study, one …

Information Capacity Of The Carbohydrate Code, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

Capacity for information in biological molecules is traditionally thought to reside in the primary sequence of proteins and RNA, recorded in the DNA. With the exception of some RNA molecules, proteins, if not structural, carry their information in binding sites for substrates of reactions, or in binding sites for control molecules. Some proteins bind to complex carbohydrates in a carbohydrate-specific fashion, including enzymes, lectins and antibodies. These carbohydrates, assembled by sequential glycosyl transferases, also carry biological information, the other side of which is a binding protein that recognizes a specific sugar monosaccharides, sequence, anomerity, linkage, ring size, branching and substitution. …

Regulation Of Root-Associated Methanotrophy By Oxygen Availability In The Rhizosphere Of Two Aquatic Macrophytes, Aram Calhoun, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

The relative importance of oxygen for root-associated methanotrophy was examined by using sediment-free, intact freshwater marsh plants (Pontederia cordata and Sparganium eurycarpum) incubated in split chambers. The root medium contained approximately 100 μM methane. Methane oxidation was calculated from the difference between methane loss from chambers in the presence and absence of 1 mM 1-allyl-2-thiourea, a methanotrophic inhibitor. When the root medium was oxic, methane oxidation accounted for 88 and 63% of the total methane depletion for S. eurycarpum and P. cordata, respectively; the remainder represented diffusional loss to the atmosphere via roots, stems, and leaves. Under suboxic conditions, methane …

Aging-Induced Changes In Populations Of Lactococci, Lactobacilli, And Aerobic Microorganisms In Low-Fat And Full-Fat Cheddar Cheese, Z. U. Haque, E. Kucukoner, K. J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to observe the impact of lowering fat content on the microflora of Cheddar cheese. Full-fat (32%) and low-fat (5%) Cheddar cheeses were produced and evaluated one day after manufacture and at monthly intervals for 5 months. The cheeses were aged at 4°C after being dipped in mold inhibitor and vacuum packed in high-density polythene bags. Standard plate counts and counts of lactococci and lactobacilli were performed. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the microflora were also conducted. The lactococci decreased gradually over the ripening period, while the lactobacilli, though not knowingly added during Cheddar …

Simultaneous Monitoring Of Heart Rate And Motion To Assess Energy Expenditure, Amy Luke, Kevin C. Maki, Nanette Barkey, Richard Cooper, Daniel Mcgee

Faculty Publications

Measurement of energy expenditure in free-living individuals represents a methodologic challenge in epidemiologic research. Heart rate monitors, while closely tied to energy expenditure at high levels or energy output, provide much less predictive power at low levels: however, measurement of motion may improve the predictive ability. This study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of simultaneously monitoring heart rate and motion for the estimation of energy expenditure. Ten subjects were studied during simulated activities of daily living (ADLC) and submaximal treadmill tests. Compared to direct measurement, the motion sensor predicted oxygen consumption poorly (r2 = 0.53) for both tests. Heart …