Digital Commons Network^™

Characterization Of Sol-Gel-Derived Cobalt Oxide Xerogels As Electrochemical Capacitors, Chuan Lin, James A. Ritter, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

Very fine cobalt oxide xerogel powders were prepared using a unique solution chemistry associated with the sol-gel process. The effect of thermal treatment on the surface area, pore volume, crystallinity, particle structure, and corresponding electrochemical properties of the resulting xerogels was investigated and found to have significant effects on all of these properties. The xerogel remained amorphous as Co(OH)₂ up to 160°C, and exhibited maxima in both the surface area and pore volume at this temperature. With an increase in the temperature above 200°C, both the surface area and pore volume decreased sharply, because the amorphous Co(OH)₂ decomposed …

Studies On Electroless Cobalt Coatings For Microencapsulation Of Hydrogen Storage Alloys, Bala S. Haran, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

LaNi_4.27Sn_0.24 alloy was microencapsulated with cobalt by electroless deposition from an alkaline hypophosphite bath. Discharge curves of the encapsulated alloy indicate an additional contribution to the capacity arising from the cobalt on the surface. Studies on cobalt thin films reveal the presence of adsorbed hydrogen in cobalt. The amount of hydrogen adsorbed was observed to increase with time of cathodic polarization and to reach a maximum. Polarization techniques have been used to characterize the cobalt-plated alloy as a function of state of charge. The equilibrium potential of the microencapsulated electrode at low hydrogen concentration is determined by …

Theoretical Analysis Of Metal Hydride Electrodes: Studies On Equilibrium Potential And Exchange Current Density, Bala S. Haran, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

A theoretical model for the metal hydride electrode has been developed assuming that hydrogen diffusion in the alloy and charge-transfer at the surface control the discharge process. Theoretical equations for the dependence of equilibrium potential and exchange current density on the surface hydrogen concentration have been derived. These parameters have been used to correlate experimental data with the theoretical electrode discharge model. Analysis of both the experimental and theoretical discharge curves reveals a potential plateau determined by the magnitude of the interactions between the hydrogen in the alloy and the unhydrided metal. Neglecting these hydrogen-metal site interactions results in simulations …

Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Nonisothermal Nickel‐Hydrogen Cell Model, Pauline De Vidts, Javier Delgado, B. Wu, D. M. See, K. Kosanovich, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Capacity Fade Mechanisms And Side Reactions In Lithium‐Ion Batteries, Pankaj Arora, Ralph E. White, Marc Doyle

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Oxygen At The Second Discharge Plateau Of Nickel Hydroxide, Sathya Motupally, Mukul Jain, Venkat Srinivasan, John W. Weidner

Faculty Publications

It was shown that the appearance of a secondary discharge plateau approximately 400 mV below the primary plateau can result from the reduction of oxygen. During the galvanostatic discharge of planar nickel-hydroxide films at room temperature and in 3 weight percent KOH solutions, the second discharge plateau was observed only in the presence of dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte. When the solution was deoxygenated, no residual capacity could be extracted from the films even at low discharge rates or from overcharged films. In addition, the duration of the second plateau is inversely proportional to the square of the discharge current, …

Steady-State Modeling Of A Parallel-Plate Electrochemical Fluorination Reactor, Kamal Jha, Gerald L. Bauer, John W. Weidner

Faculty Publications

A steady-state mathematical model of a parallel-plate reactor was developed for studying the electrochemical fluorination of organic compounds dissolved in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The model incorporates two-phase flow with differential material, energy, and pressure balances. Profiles of temperature, pressure, vapor volume fraction, and current density in the reactor are presented at two inlet temperatures to provide insight into the operation of the reactor. The effects of the inlet temperature, feed flow rate, and cell current on the cell pack voltage and current efficiency of the reactor are presented to determine problematic operating regions for the reactor. Optimum operating currents based …

The Effect Of Particle Size On The Discharge Performance Of A Nickel-Metal Hydride Cell, Jussi M. Heikonen, Harry J. Ploehn, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

We investigate the effect of particle size on the discharge performance of a nickel-metal hydride cell with a mathematical model. Electrodes with uniform as well as with nonuniform particle sizes are studied. With uniform particle size, the dependence of the particle-to-particle resistance on the particle size is taken into account. The optimal particle size depends on the discharge rate. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions it is advantageous to use a nonuniform particle size. In general, the higher the discharge current density, the more the particle size affects the electrode performance.

Measurement Of Thin Liquid Film Drainage Using A Novel High-Speed Impedance Analyzer, Kevin O. Hool, Robert C. Saunders, Harry J. Ploehn

Faculty Publications

This work describes the design and implementation of a new instrument, called the thin film impedance analyzer, which measures the rate of drainage of thin oil films. The instrument forms an oil film by elevating a planar oil–water interface into a water drop hanging from a stainless steel capillary tube immersed in the oil. The instrument measures the magnitude of the impedance of the matter between the capillary tube and a screen electrode immersed in the lower water phase. Under appropriate conditions, the capacitance of the oil film dominates the impedance. The instrument records the increase in the magnitude of …

Π-Systems As Lithium/Hydrogen Bond Acceptors: Some Theoretical Observations, Salai Cheettu Ammal, P. Venuvanalingam

Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations at the Hartree–Fock and correlated levels and density functional theory calculations have been performed with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p)basis sets on LiF and HF complexes of benzene, ethylene, and acetylene. Complex binding energies have been corrected for basis set superposition error, and zero point energy corrections have been done on Hartree–Fock binding energies. Computed results indicate that the complexes exist in different conformations and among them those with π-lithium and π-hydrogen bonds are the most stable. π-lithium bonds are stronger than π-hydrogen bonds. The computed binding energies and geometry of HF complexes correlate well with the available experimental …

Ab Initio And Dft Investigations Of Lithium/Hydrogen Bonded Complexes Of Trimethylamine, Dimethyl Ether And Dimethyl Sulfide, Salai Cheettu Ammal, P. Venuvanalingam

Faculty Publications

Ab initio and DFT computations have been carried out on LiF and HF complexes of a set of n-donors viz. trimethylamine, dimethyl ether and dimethyl sulfide with a 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The effect of correlation has been included with MP2, MP4 and DFT calculations. NBO analyses of the wavefunctions have been performed to examine the intermolecular interaction at the orbital level. Calculations reveal that these donors form strong n→σ* complexes and computed binding energies of the (CH₃)₂O···HF complex agree very well with the experimental binding energies from IR spectroscopy. LiF forms stronger complexes than HF, …

Agent Jurisprudence, Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh

Faculty Publications

The agent metaphor comes packaged with a number of powerful abstractions. Some of these are psychological, such as beliefs, knowledge, and intentions-abstractions that were traditionally studied in AI. However, there are a number of other abstractions that the agent metaphor brings to the fore. Of these, one has been emphasizing the social abstractions. Close cousins of the social abstractions are the ethical and legal abstractions. These too are being recognized as increasingly important in developing agents that are not only sociable, but also well behaved.

Bureaucracy In The Postmodern World: Problems And Solutions, Paul C. Godfrey, Grant C. Madsen

Faculty Publications

This paper considers the problems presented by modern bureaucratic organizations within the framework of postmodern philosophy. Bureaucracy represents the logical outcome of the rational tradition in western philosophy. Because of their efficiency properties, individuals are both the beneficiaries and victims of bureaucratic behavior. We suggest that a solution to these problems will not be found by using existing philosophical frameworks. The French philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard presents a model of postmodern relationships based on language games. We explore the concept of language games within bureaucratic settings.

Our Cherished Doctrine, Roy E. Gane

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Diffractive Dijet Cross Sections In Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

Differential dijet cross sections have been measured with the ZEUS detector for photoproduction events in which the hadronic final state containing the jets is separated with respect to the outgoing proton direction by a large rapidity gap. The cross section has been measured as a function of the fraction of the photon (xγOBS) and pomeron (βOBS) momentum participating in the production of the dijet system. The observed xγOBS dependence shows evidence for the presence of a resolved-as well as a direct-photon component. The measured cross section dσ/dβOBS increases as βOBS increases indicating that there is a sizeable contribution to dijet …

Measurement Of Jet Shapes In Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The shape of jets produced in quasi-real photon-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies in the range 134-277 GeV has been measured using the hadronic energy flow. The measurement was done with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Jets are identified using a cone algorithm in the η - φ plane with a cone radius of one unit. Measured jet shapes both in inclusive jet and dijet production with transverse energies EjetT > 14 GeV are presented. The jet shape broadens as the jet pseudorapidity (ηjet) increases and narrows as EjetT increases. In dijet photoproduction, the jet shapes have been measured separately for samples …

High-ET Inclusive Jet Cross Sections In Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

Inclusive jet differential cross sections for the reaction e+p → e+ + jet + X with quasi-real photons have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA. These cross sections are given for the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy interval 134 < W < 277 GeV and jet pseudorapidity in the range -1 < ηjet < 2 in the laboratory frame. The results are presented for three cone radii in the η - φ plane, R = 1.0, 0.7 and 0.5. Measurements of dσ/dηjet above various jet-transverse-energy thresholds up to 25 GeV and in three ranges of W are presented and compared to next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculations. For jets defined with R = 1.0 differences between data and NLO calculations are seen at high ηjet and low EjetT. The measured cross sections for jets defined with R = 0.7 are well described by the calculations in the entire measured range ηjet and EjetT. The inclusive jet cross section for EjetT > 21 GeV is consistent with an approximately linear variation with the cone radius R in the range between 0.5 and 1.0, and with NLO calculations.

Measurement Of The T Distribution In Diffractive Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci

Faculty Publications

Photon diffractive dissociation, γp → Xp, has been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using ep interactions where the virtuality Q2 of the exchanged photon is smaller than 0.02 GeV2. The squared four-momentum t exchanged at the proton vertex was determined in the range 0.073 < \t\ < 0.40 GeV2 by measuring the scattered proton in the ZEUS Leading Proton Spectrometer. In the photonproton centre-of-mass energy interval 176 < W < 225 GeV and for masses of the dissociated photon system 4 < Mx < 32 GeV, the t distribution has an exponential shape, dN/d\t\ ∝ exp (-b\t\), with a slope parameter b = 6.8 ± 0.9 (stat.) +1.2-1.1 (syst.) GeV-2.

Elastic And Proton-Dissociative Ρ0 Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci

Faculty Publications

Elastic and proton-dissociative ρ0 photoproduction (γp → p0p, γp → ρ0N, respectively, with p0 → π+π-) has been studied in ep interactions at HERA for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 50 < W < 100 GeV and for |t| < 0.5 GeV2, where t is the square of the four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex; the results on the proton-dissociative reaction are presented for masses of the dissociated proton system in the range M2N < 0.1W2. For the elastic process, the π+π- invariant mass spectrum has been investigated as a function of t. As in fixed target experiments, the ρ0 resonance shape is asymmetric; this asymmetry decreases with increasing |t|, as expected in models in which the asymmetry is ascribed to the interference of resonant and non-resonant π+π- production. The cross section has been studied as a function of W; a fit to the resonant part with the form Wa gives a = 0.16 ± 0.06 (stat.) +0.11-0.15 (syst.). The resonant part of the γp → π+π-p cross section is 11.2 ± 0.1 (stat.) +1.1-1.2 (syst.) μb at 〈W〉 = 71.7 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section can be described by a function of the type Aρ exp (-bρ|t| + cρt2) with bρ = 10.9 ± 0.3 (stat.) +1.0-0.5 (syst.) GeV-2 and cρ = 2.7 ± 0.9 (stat.) +1.9-1.7 (syst.) GeV-4. The t dependence has also been studied as a function of W and a value of the slope of the pomeron trajectory α IP′ = 0.23 ± 0.15 (stat.) +0.10-0.07 (syst.) GeV-2 has been deduced. The ρ0 spin density matrix elements r0400 r041-1 and ℜe[r0410] have been measured and found to be consistent with expectations based on s-channel helicity conservation. For proton-dissociative π+π- photoproduction in the ρ0 mass range, the distributions of the two-pion invariant mass, W and the polar and azimuthal angles of the pions in the helicity frame are the same within errors as those for the elastic process. The t distribution has been fitted to an exponential function with a slope parameter 5.8 ± 0.3 (stat.) ± 0.5 (syst.) GeV-2. The ratio of the elastic to proton-dissociative ρ0 photoproduction cross section is 2.0 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.7 (syst.).

Supernumerary Teeth In Pleistocene, Recent, And Hybrid Individuals Of The Spermophilus Richardsonii Complex (Sciuridae), H. Thomas Goodwin

Faculty Publications

A supernumerary distal upper molar, always expressed bilaterally, occurred in Pleistocene (one of 204) and Recent (five of 1,667) specimens of the Spermophilus richardsonii complex. Among Recent specimens with the abnormality, three of four with known provenance came from adjacent colonies with hybrids of S. richardsonii (Richardson's ground squirrel) and S. elegans (Wyoming ground squirrel). Elsewhere, the trait was rare in S. richardsonii (one of 947) and absent in S. elegans (out of 668). Affected individuals exhibited normal P3-M2, but two aberrant teeth distal to M2. Aberrant teeth exhibited a mosaic of features typical of M2, M3, and atypical of …

Results From A Survey: Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual Students' Attitudes About Law School, Patricia A. Cain, Janice L. Austin, Anton Mack, J. Kelly Strader

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measuring The Nexus: The Relationship Between Minority Ownership And Broadcast Diversity After Metro Broadcasting, Allen S. Hammond Iv

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Due Process And The Subpoena Power In Federal Environmental, Health, And Safety Whistleblower Proceedings, Stephen Smith

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ending The Welcome: Changes In The United States' Treatment Of Undocumented Aliens (1986 To 1996), Evangeline G. Abriel

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Asset Securitization: The Unsecured Creditor's Perspective, Lois R. Lupica

Faculty Publications

The Article examines assumptions behind literature that uncritically assumes that securitization transactions are necessarily efficient, finding that these assumptions are unwarranted. The Article is the first to view securitization transactions from an unsecured creditor’s perspective, and concludes that from such a perspective, securitization is not the panacea its proponents claim it to be.

The article first defines structured finance and describes the nature of the current market for asset-backed securities. Then, it outlines the benefits that securitization provides to originators and other transaction participants. With that background, it turns to the debate on the efficiency of secured transactions, applies the …

Is Sound Just Noise, Joshua D. Coval, Tyler Shumway

Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes the information content of the ambient noise level in the Chicago Board of Trade's 30-year Treasury Bond futures trading pit. Controlling for a variety of other variables, including lagged price changes, trading volumes, and news announcements, we find that the sound level conveys information which is highly economically and statistically significant. In particular, we find increases in the sound level precede periods of high price volatility and increased trading volumes. Increases in the sound level also presage the placement of block trades and relative increases in customer-driven trading. Our results add to our understanding of the market …

Spatial Variability Of Snow Chemistry In Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Malin Stenbrrg, Elisabeth Isaksson, Margareta Hansson, Wibjorn Karlen, Paul A. Mayewski, Mark S. Twickler, Sallie I. Whitlow, Niels Gundestrup

Faculty Publications

During the austral summer of 1993-94 a number of 1-2 m deep snow pits were sampled in connection with firn-coring in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The traverse went from 800 to about 3000 m a.s.l. upon the high-altitude plateau. Profiles of cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+), anions (Cl−, NO3-, SO4 2- , CH3SO3 −) and stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) from 11 snow pils are presented here. Close to the coast 2 m of snow accumulates in about 2-3 years, whilst at sites on the high-altitude plateau 2 m of snow accumulates in 10—14 years. The spatial variation in ion …

Limited Migration Of Soluble Ionic Species In A Siple Dome, Antarctica, Ice Core, Karl J. Kreutz, Paul A. Mayewski, Sallie I. Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler

Faculty Publications

High-resolution (>10 samples a−1) glaciochemical analyses covering the last 110 years from a Siplc Dome, Antarctica, ire core reveal limited migration of certain soluble ionic species (methane sulfonic acid, NO3 − and Mg2+). The observed chemical migration may be due in part to seasonal alternation between less acidic winter (from high sea-salt concentrations) and more acidic summer (from high marine biogenic acid concentrations) layers, common at coastal siles such as Siplc Dome. Exact mechanisms to expla in the migration are unclear, although simple diffusion and gravitational movement are unlikely since new peaks are formed where none previously existed in …

The Legal Profession And Its Future: Recapturing The Ideal Of The Statesman-Lawyer, Timothy J. Sullivan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.