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Articles 39331 - 39360 of 45785
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Ex Parte Young And Federal Remedies For Human Rights Treaty Violations, David Sloss
Ex Parte Young And Federal Remedies For Human Rights Treaty Violations, David Sloss
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Ambiguous Basis Of Judicial Deference To Administrative Rules, David M. Hasen
The Ambiguous Basis Of Judicial Deference To Administrative Rules, David M. Hasen
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Handling Hot Potatoes: Judicial Review Of California Initiatives After Senate V. Jones, Gerald F. Uelmen
Handling Hot Potatoes: Judicial Review Of California Initiatives After Senate V. Jones, Gerald F. Uelmen
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Drugs Upon Sentencing Policy, Gerald F. Uelmen
The Impact Of Drugs Upon Sentencing Policy, Gerald F. Uelmen
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Conceptual Clarification And Policy-Related Science: The Case Of Chemical Hormesis, Kevin C. Elliott
Conceptual Clarification And Policy-Related Science: The Case Of Chemical Hormesis, Kevin C. Elliott
Faculty Publications
This paper examines the epistemological warrant for a toxicological phenomenon known as chemical hormesis. First, it argues that conceptual confusion contributes significantly to current disagreements about the status of chemical hormesis as a biological hypothesis. Second, it analyzes seven distinct concepts of chemical hormesis, arguing that none are completely satisfactory. Finally, it suggests three ramifications of this analysis for ongoing debates about the epistemological status of chemical hormesis. This serves as a case study supporting the value of philosophical methodologies such as conceptual clarification for addressing contemporary scientific disputes, including policy-related scientific disputes that may be heavily influencedby social and …
Product Outlaw, David G. Owen
Innocence And Experience, Kevin Lewis
"Our Federalism" In The Context Of Federal Courts And Tribal Courts: An Open Letter To The Federal Courts’ Teaching And Scholarly Community, Frank Pommersheim
"Our Federalism" In The Context Of Federal Courts And Tribal Courts: An Open Letter To The Federal Courts’ Teaching And Scholarly Community, Frank Pommersheim
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Modeling The Effect Of Plasticizer On The Viscoelastic Response Of Crosslinked Polymers Using The Tube-Junction Model, P. P. Simon, Harry J. Ploehn
Modeling The Effect Of Plasticizer On The Viscoelastic Response Of Crosslinked Polymers Using The Tube-Junction Model, P. P. Simon, Harry J. Ploehn
Faculty Publications
Plasticizers modify the mechanical properties of polymericmaterials. The effects of plasticizers on glass transition temperatures can be most clearly observed in isochronal temperature sweep profiles of viscoelastic dynamic moduli. However, no simple mathematical models of plasticization are available to those who wish to design and employ plasticized materials in specific applications. We extend a phenomenological, molecular-level model (known as the tube–junction model) for crosslinked polymers to describe the effect of plasticizers on dynamic moduli. We show that the increase in free volume fraction due to the presence of the plasticizer can account for the shift in the glass transition in …
Diffusion Of Water In Nafion 115 Membranes, Sathya Motupally, Aaron J. Becker, John W. Weidner
Diffusion Of Water In Nafion 115 Membranes, Sathya Motupally, Aaron J. Becker, John W. Weidner
Faculty Publications
In this paper, experimental and simulated data for the diffusion of water across Nafion membranes as a function of the water activity gradient are presented. The gradient in the activity of water across the membrane was varied by changing the flow rate and pressure of nitrogen gas on one side of the membrane. The other side of the membrane was equilibrated with liquid water. It was found that the model predictions are very sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient of water in Nafion. Using the Fickian diffusion coefficient extracted from self-diffusion measurements reported in the literature, the model …
Modeling The Effects Of Ion Association On Direct-Current Polarization Of Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Changqing Lin, Ralph E. White, Harry J. Ploehn
Modeling The Effects Of Ion Association On Direct-Current Polarization Of Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Changqing Lin, Ralph E. White, Harry J. Ploehn
Faculty Publications
Considerable experimental evidence indicates that ion association occurs in solid polymer electrolytes. This work provides a thorough theoretical analysis of the effect of ion association on the conductivity, general current-potential behavior, and limiting current density in a solid polymer electrolyte. The model employs dilute solution theory to describe the fluxes of cations, anions, and ion pairs in a motionless continuum but neglects higher order association. The predictions of the model highlight the effects of the relative diffusion coefficients and dimensionless association constant on concentration distributions of simple ions and ion pairs, the limiting current density, and the potential drop required …
Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient And Solubility In A New Proton Exchange Membrane, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White
Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient And Solubility In A New Proton Exchange Membrane, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Self‐Discharge Model Of A Nickel‐Hydrogen Cell, B. Wu, Ralph E. White
Self‐Discharge Model Of A Nickel‐Hydrogen Cell, B. Wu, Ralph E. White
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Proposed Magnetostratigraphy Susceptibility Magnetostratotype For The Eifelian-Givetian Gssp (Anti-Atlas, Morocco), Rex E. Crick, Brooks B. Ellwood, Ahmed El Hassani, Raimund Feist
Proposed Magnetostratigraphy Susceptibility Magnetostratotype For The Eifelian-Givetian Gssp (Anti-Atlas, Morocco), Rex E. Crick, Brooks B. Ellwood, Ahmed El Hassani, Raimund Feist
Faculty Publications
The magnetosusceptibility event and cyclostratigraphy (MSEC) record for the Eifelian-Givetian Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) located in the western Sahara of southeastern Morocco is used to establish a sequence of magnetostratigraphic susceptibility units organized into magnetostratigraphic susceptibility zones (MSZ) and magnetostratigraphic susceptibility subzones (MSSZ). Magnetic susceptibility data are summarized into two complete MSZs (Atrous and Mech Irdane) and two partial MSZs (Gheris and Rissani). The Atrous (Upper Eifelian) is comprised of 3 MSSZs and the Mech Irdane (uppermost Eifelian and lowermost Givetian) of 11 MSSZs. The Eifelian-Givetian boundary falls within Mech Irdane MSSZ 2 making the magnetosubzone an …
The Effects Of Forest Fragment Size, Isolation, And Microhabitat Variables On Nest Box Use By Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys Volans) In Southern Illinois, Catherine Wong, Eric K. Bollinger, Thomas A. Nelson
The Effects Of Forest Fragment Size, Isolation, And Microhabitat Variables On Nest Box Use By Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys Volans) In Southern Illinois, Catherine Wong, Eric K. Bollinger, Thomas A. Nelson
Faculty Publications
We studied the effects of forest fragmentation on southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in southern Illinois, and examined factors influencing nest box use. Ten nest boxes were placed in each of 30 oak-hickory forest fragments. Nest boxes were checked monthly after installation. We measured habitat variables that described the nest box tree, the microhabitat surrounding the nest box tree, and landscape level characteristics of the fragments (isolation and area). Overall, 78% of the 300 nest boxes were used. Glaucomys volans was captured in 24 of the 30 forest fragments, and evidence of squirrel use was found in 4 additional fragments. …
Zooarchaeology, Susan L. Scott
Sensitivity Of A High‐Elevation Rocky Mountain Watershed To Altered Climate And Co2, Jill S. Baron, Melannie D. Hartman, L. E. Band, Richard B. Lammers
Sensitivity Of A High‐Elevation Rocky Mountain Watershed To Altered Climate And Co2, Jill S. Baron, Melannie D. Hartman, L. E. Band, Richard B. Lammers
Faculty Publications
We explored the hydrologic and ecological responses of a headwater mountain catchment, Loch Vale watershed, to climate change and doubling of atmospheric CO2 scenarios using the Regional Hydro‐Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys). A slight (2°C) cooling, comparable to conditions observed over the past 40 years, led to greater snowpack and slightly less runoff, evaporation, transpiration, and plant productivity. An increase of 2°C yielded the opposite response, but model output for an increase of 4°C showed dramatic changes in timing of hydrologic responses. The snowpack was reduced by 50%, and runoff and soil water increased and occurred 4–5 weeks earlier with 4°C …
Food Resources Of Stream Macroinvertebrates Determined By Natural-Abundance Stable C And N Isotopes And A 15n Tracer Addition, Patrick J. Mulholland, Jennifer L. Tank, Diane M. Sanzone, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Bruce J. Peterson, Jackson R. Webster, Judy L. Meyer
Food Resources Of Stream Macroinvertebrates Determined By Natural-Abundance Stable C And N Isotopes And A 15n Tracer Addition, Patrick J. Mulholland, Jennifer L. Tank, Diane M. Sanzone, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Bruce J. Peterson, Jackson R. Webster, Judy L. Meyer
Faculty Publications
Trophic relationships were examined using natural-abundance 13C and 15N analyses and a 15N-tracer addition experiment in Walker Branch, a 1st-order forested stream in eastern Tennessee. In the 15N-tracer addition experiment, we added 15NH4, to stream water over a 6-wk period In early spring, and measured 15N:14N ratios in different taxa and biomass compartments over distance and time. Samples collected from a station upstream from the 15N addition provided data on natural-abundance 13C:12C and 15N:14N ratios. The natural-abundance 15N analysis proved to be of limited value in identifying food resources of macroinvertebrates because 15N values were not greatly different among food …
"Working" With The Ada's "Regarded As" Definition Of A Disability, Thomas Simmons
"Working" With The Ada's "Regarded As" Definition Of A Disability, Thomas Simmons
Faculty Publications
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits discrimination against and mandates accommodations for individuals with disabilities. As a threshold matter, the Act requires the plaintiff to demonstrate that she is an individual with a disability; that is, that she has an actual disability or is "regarded as" having a disability as the statute defines it. This article discusses the threshold "regarded as" showing as refined by three Supreme Court cases decided in the summer of 1999. Although in the past the "regarded as" definition has often played "second fiddle" to the "actual disability" definition, the author suggests that there …
The Public Forum Doctrine’S "Government Intent Standard:" What Happened To Justice Kennedy?, David Day
The Public Forum Doctrine’S "Government Intent Standard:" What Happened To Justice Kennedy?, David Day
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Late Spring Haiku In Rhyme/Haiku For The Birds (Poems), Frank Pommersheim
Late Spring Haiku In Rhyme/Haiku For The Birds (Poems), Frank Pommersheim
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
How Medication Affects The Existence Of An Ada Disability, Tom Simmons
How Medication Affects The Existence Of An Ada Disability, Tom Simmons
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Lessons In Leadership From Lincoln The Lawyer, Barry Vickrey
Lessons In Leadership From Lincoln The Lawyer, Barry Vickrey
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
An Agent-Based Global Economy, Michael N. Huhns
An Agent-Based Global Economy, Michael N. Huhns
Faculty Publications
Many people are buying music CDs over the Web, but with multiple retail sites offering the same CDs, how do you decide which retailer to buy from? Typically, you visit a few sites and choose the one with the lowest price. Shopbotsshopping agents that automatically search the Internet to obtain information about prices and other attributes of goods and servicesare ideal helpers for such a task.1 The better ones can visit hundreds of sites, giving price-conscious consumers a powerful tool that could work to the detriment of some retailers.
The Emergence Of Language Among Autonomous Agents, Piotr Gmytrasiewicz, Michael N. Huhns
The Emergence Of Language Among Autonomous Agents, Piotr Gmytrasiewicz, Michael N. Huhns
Faculty Publications
Suppose some autonomous shopbot agents had been representing us by dealing with a vendor's pricebot, and suppose they didn't share an agent communication language (ACL). What should they know at a fundamental level, what could each point to, and how could they establish a common language? Recent research at the University of Texas at Arlington has shown that agents first establish a common vocabulary, progress to a primitive language similar to human pidgin, then enrich the language's grammar to develop a creole, and eventually arrive at a full-blown ACL. During this process, the vocabulary and grammatical structures most important to …
Sensors + Agents + Networks = Aware Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Sreenath Seshadri
Sensors + Agents + Networks = Aware Agents, Michael N. Huhns, Sreenath Seshadri
Faculty Publications
Software agents are being deployed in increasing numbers to help users find and manage information, particularly in open environments such as the Internet. For the most part, they operate independently and are typically designed to be aware only of their users and the environment in which they perform their tasks. Thus, they fail to take advantage of each other's abilities or results. For example, a shopping agent might periodically access several online databases to find the best price for a music CD and then purchase it if the price falls below its user's threshold. Other agents might be tracking prices …
Agent Teams: Building And Implementing Software, Michael N. Huhns
Agent Teams: Building And Implementing Software, Michael N. Huhns
Faculty Publications
Agents will become fundamental building blocks for general-purpose Internet-based software. The software may not display any explicitly agent-like characteristics, but it will exhibit the benefits of tolerance to errors, ease of maintenance, adaptability to change, and speed of construction that agents provide. Moreover, an agent-based approach to software development can lead to new types of software solutions that might not otherwise be obvious. The author considers how an approach based on teams of active, cooperative, and persistent software components, that is agents, shows special promise in enabling the rapid construction of robust and reusable software.
Personal Values And Work Satisfaction Of Registered Nurses Working In Hospitals, Marie M. Prothero, Elaine S. Marshall, Donna M. Fosbinder, Leland J. Hendrix
Personal Values And Work Satisfaction Of Registered Nurses Working In Hospitals, Marie M. Prothero, Elaine S. Marshall, Donna M. Fosbinder, Leland J. Hendrix
Faculty Publications
Personal values are increasingly recognized as important factors in work environments, including health care systems (Cameron & Whetten, 1995; Covey, Merrill, & Merrill, 1995; Fagermoen, 1997). The personal values of nursing students have been explored (Eddy, Elfrink, Weis, & Schank, 1994; Sivberg & Petersson, 1997) as have those of nurses, in the context of work design (Koerner, 1993 ). Factors of nurses' work satisfaction have also been studied extensively (Avallone & Gibbon, 1998; Brown, Naughton, & Nolan, 1998; Johnston,1997; Kangas, Kee, & McKee-Waddle,1999; Seymour & Buscherhof,1990). However, little is known about the personal values of nurses as they relate to …
The Ex Post Facto Clause, Paul C. Giannelli
The Ex Post Facto Clause, Paul C. Giannelli
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
When Should Contract Law Supply A Liability Rule Or Term?: Framing A Principle Of Unification For Contracts, Juliet P. Kostritsky
When Should Contract Law Supply A Liability Rule Or Term?: Framing A Principle Of Unification For Contracts, Juliet P. Kostritsky
Faculty Publications
To demonstrate the need for a unified instrumental framework for deciding gaps and implying liability rules, Part II of this Article will first describe the competing visions of the role of law in contract gap-filling. Although each vision has expanded the ways in which we think about contracts and has offered more realistic models of bargaining, each still fails to offer a unified framework for deciding how courts should decide *1290 incomplete contracts. Part III of the Article outlines the methodological framework for unifying judicial approaches to law-supplied terms or rules. The framework will incorporate a: (1) realistic model of …