Digital Commons Network^™

Comparison Of A Dietary Record Using Reported Portion Size Versus Standard Portion Size For Assessing Nutrient Intake, Desiree C. Welten, Ruth A. Carpenter, R. Sue Mcpherson, Suzanne Brodney, Deirdre Douglass, James B. Kampert, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Objective: Because the percentage of missing portion sizes was large in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS), careful consideration of the accuracy of standard portion sizes was necessary. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the consequences of using standard portion size instead of reported portion sizes on subjects' nutrient intake.

Methods: In 2307 men and 411 women, nutrient intake calculated from a 3-day dietary record using reported portion sizes was compared with nutrient intake calculated from the same record in which standard portion sizes were substituted for reported portion sizes.

Results: The standard portion sizes provided significantly …

Coupled Atmosphere–Biophysics–Hydrology Models For Environmental Modeling, Robert L. Walko, Larry E. Band, Jill Baron, Timothy G. F. Kittel, Richard B. Lammers, Tsengdar J. Lee, Dennis S. Ojima, Roger A. Pielke Sr., Chris Taylor, Christina L. Tague, Craig J. Tremback, Pier Luigi Vidale

Faculty Publications

The formulation and implementation of LEAF-2, the Land Ecosystem–Atmosphere Feedback model, which comprises the representation of land–surface processes in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), is described. LEAF-2 is a prognostic model for the temperature and water content of soil, snow cover, vegetation, and canopy air, and includes turbulent and radiative exchanges between these components and with the atmosphere. Subdivision of a RAMS surface grid cell into multiple areas of distinct land-use types is allowed, with each subgrid area, or patch, containing its own LEAF-2 model, and each patch interacts with the overlying atmospheric column with a weight proportional to …

Global System Of Rivers: Its Role In Organizing Continental Land Mass And Defining Land‐To‐Ocean Linkages, Charles J. Vorosmarty, Balazs M. Fekete, M. Meybeck, Richard B. Lammers

Faculty Publications

The spatial organization of the Earth's land mass is analyzed using a simulated topological network (STN‐30p) representing potential flow pathways across the entire nonglacierized surface of the globe at 30‐min (longitude × latitude) spatial resolution. We discuss a semiautomated procedure to develop this topology combining digital elevation models and manual network editing. STN‐30p was verified against several independent sources including map products and drainage basin statistics, although we found substantial inconsistency within the extant literature itself. A broad suite of diagnostics is offered that quantitatively describes individual grid cells, river segments, and complete drainage systems spanning orders 1 through 6 …

Intelligent Selection Tools, William A. Barrett, Eric N. Mortensen, L. Jack Reese

Faculty Publications

Intelligent Scissors and Intelligent Paint are complementary interactive image segmentation tools that allow a user to quickly and accurately select objects of interest. This demonstration provides a means for participants to experience the dynamic nature of these tools.

A Review Of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making In Business, Terry W. Loe, Linda K. Ferrell, Phylis Mansfield

Faculty Publications

This article summarizes the multitude of empirical studies that test ethical decision making in business and suggests additional research necessary to further theory in this area. The studies are categorized and related to current theoretical ethical decision making models. The studies are related to awareness, individual and organizational factors, intent, and the role of moral intensity in ethical decision making. Summary tables provide a quick reference for the sample, findings, and publication outlet. This review provides insights for understanding organizational ethical decision constructs, where ethical decision making theory currently stands, and provides insights for future empirical work on organizational ethical …

Movement Of The Biotin Carboxylase B-Domain As A Result Of Atp Binding, James B. Thoden, Carol Z. Blanchard, Hazel M. Holden, Grover L. Waldrop

Faculty Publications

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis. In Escherichia coli, the enzyme is composed of three distinct protein components: biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and carboxyltransferase. The biotin carboxylase component has served for many years as a paradigm for mechanistic studies devoted toward understanding more complicated biotin-dependent carboxylases. The three-dimensional x-ray structure of an unliganded form of E. coli biotin carboxylase was originally solved in 1994 to 2.4-Å resolution. This study revealed the architecture of the enzyme and demonstrated that the protein belongs to the ATP-grasp superfamily. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of the …

Measurement Of Azimuthal Asymmetries In Deep Inelastic Scattering, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The distribution of the azimuthal angle for the charged hadrons has been studied in the hadronic centre-of-mass system for neutral current deep inelastic positron-proton scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Measurements of the dependence of the moments of this distribution on the transverse momenta of the charged hadrons are presented. Asymmetries that can be unambiguously attributed to perturbative QCD processes have been observed for the first time. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

Measurement Of Inclusive(D(S)(±)) Photoproduction At Hera Zeus Collaboration, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The first measurement of inclusive D(s)(±) photoproduction at HERA has been performed with the ZEUS detector for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies 130 < W < 280GeV. The measured cross section for 3 < p (is perpendicular to)/(D(s)) < 12GeV and |η(D(s))| < 1.5 is σ(ep → D(s)X) = 3.79 ± 0.59(stat.) -0.46/+0.26 (syst.) ± 0.94(br.)nb, where the last error arises from the uncertainty in the D(s)(±) decay branching ratio. The measurements are compared with inclusive D*(±) photoproduction cross sections in the same kinematic region and with QCD calculations. The D(s)(±) cross sections lie above a fixed-order next-to-leading order calculation and agree better with a tree-level O(αα(s)/3) calculation that was tuned to describe the ZEUS D*(±) cross sections. The ratio of D(s)(±) to D*(±) cross sections is 0.41 ± 0.07 (stat.) -0.05/+0.03 (syst.) ± 0.10(br.). From this ratio, the strangeness-suppression factor in charm photoproduction, within the LUND string fragmentation model, has been calculated to be γ(s) = 0.27 ± 0.05 ± 0.07(br.). The cross-section ratio and γ(s) are in good agreement with those obtained in charm production in e+e- annihilation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

Accumulation Hole Layer In P-Gan/Algan Heterostructures, M. S. Shur, A. D. Bykhovski, R. Gaska, J. W. Yang, Grigory Simin, M. A. Khan

Faculty Publications

We present the results on piezoelectric and pyroelectricdoping in AlGaN-on-GaN and GaN-on-AlGaN heterostructures and demonstrate p-GaN/AlGaN structures with accumulation hole layer. Our results indicate that polarization charge can induce up to 5×10¹³ cm⁻² holes at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerfaces. We show that the transition from three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) hole gas can be only achieved for hole sheet densities on the order of 10¹³ cm⁻² or higher. At lower densities, only 3D-hole accumulation layer may exist. These results suggest that a piezoelectrically induced 2D-hole gas can be used for the reduction of the base spreading resistance …

Direct Nitric Oxide Signal Transduction Via Nitrosylation Of Iron-Sulfur Centers In The Soxr Transcription Activator, Huangen Ding, Bruce Demple

Faculty Publications

Nitric oxide (NO) has diverse roles in intercellular communication and (at higher levels) in immune-mediated cell killing. NO reacts with many cellular targets, with cell-killing effects correlated to inactivation of key enzymes through nitrosylation of their iron-sulfur centers. SoxR protein, a redox-sensitive transcription activator dependent on the oxidation state of its binuclear iron-sulfur ([2Fe-2S]) centers, is also activated in Escherichia coli on exposure to macrophage-generated NO. We show here that SoxR activation by NO occurs through direct modification of the [2Fe-2S] centers to form protein-bound dinitrosyl-iron-dithiol adducts, which we have observed both in intact bacterial cells and in purified SoxR …

Low Temperature Anomaly In Mesoscopic Kondo Wires, P. Mohanty, Richard A. Webb

Faculty Publications

We report the observation of an anomalous magnetoresistance in extremely dilute quasi-one-dimensional AuFe wires at low temperatures, along with a hysteretic background at low fields. The Kondo resistivity does not show the unitarity limit down to the lowest temperature, implying uncompensated spin states. We suggest that the anomalous magnetoresistance may be understood as the interference correction from the accumulation of geometric phase in the conduction electron wave function around the localized impurity spin.

On The Non-Uniqueness Of Q-Cones Of Matroids, James Oxley, Geoff Whittle

Faculty Publications

Let M be a rank-r simple GF(q)-representable matroid. A q-cone of M is a matroid M′ that is constructed by embedding M in a hyperplane of PG(r,q), adding a point p of PG(r,q) not on H, and then adding all the points of PG(r,q) that are on lines joining p to an element of M. If r(M) > 2 and M is uniquely representable over GF(q), then M′ is unique up to isomorphism. This note settles a question made explicit by Kung by showing that if r(M) = 2 or if M is not uniquely representable over GF(q), then M′ need …

On The 3-Connected Matroids That Are Minimal Having A Fixed Spanning Restriction, Manoel Lemos, James Oxley

Faculty Publications

Let N be a minor of a 3-connected matroid M and let M′ be a 3-connected minor of M that is minimal having N as a minor. This paper commences the study of the problem of finding a best-possible upper bound on |E(M′) - E(N)|. The main result solves this problem in the case that N and M have the same rank. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Low Fasting Plasma Glucose Level As A Predictor Of Cardiovascular Disease And All-Cause Mortality, Ming Wei, Larry W. Gibbons, Tedd L. Mitchell, James B. Kampert, Michael P. Stern, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - Although medical textbooks usually classify fasting plasma glucose <70 or 80 mg/dL (<3.89 or 4.44 mmol/L) as abnormal, the prognosis for patients with low fasting plasma glucose is unclear.

Methods and Results - We conducted prospective cohort studies among 40,069 men and women to investigate the association between fasting plasma glucose levels and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We documented a U-shaped relation between fasting plasma glucose and mortality. In addition to diabetes and impaired fasting glucose levels, low fasting plasma glucose levels were also associated with high morality. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, study population, ethnicity, current smoking status, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, triglycerides, history of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and a family …

The Effect Of Jandrt On Satellite Litigation, Janine P. Geske, William C. Gleisner Iii

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Teaching The Ethics Of Biology, David Harris Phd, Carol K. Johansen

Faculty Publications

Discusses the basic principles of ethics and ethical decision making as applied to biology. Ethical issues associated with biology; Theoretical basis of ethical decision-making; Models of ethical decision-making; Social implications of scientific experimentation and discovery.

At The Intersection Of Visible And Invisable Worlds: United States Privacy Law And The Internet, Dorothy J. Glancy

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this essay is to consider some characteristics ofUnited States privacy law that contribute to the obscurity of many intersections between the Internet and privacy law. This discussion is not an exhaustive catalogue of all of the ways in which United States privacy law may apply to Internet activities. Nor is it intended to be
an evaluation of the effectiveness of this privacy law. Rather, the point here is to explore why the application of privacy law to the Internet is a matter of considerable complexity and some uncertainty.
The focus is on certain characteristics of privacy law …

Origin Of The Magnetic Moments In [Formula Omitted] Epitaxial Thin Films, C. N. Borca, R. H. Cheng, Q. L. Xu, S. H. Liou, Shane Stadler, Y. U. Idzerda, P. A. Dowben

Faculty Publications

Crystalline films of [formula omitted] grown on (100) [formula omitted] substrates by rf sputtering have been investigated using magnetic circular dichroism and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. We find evidence for strong hybridization between unoccupied levels associated with Mn 3d and O 2p states. The oxygen atoms “pick-up” a small magnetic moment through hybridization with Mn. © 2000, American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.

A Drosophila Esc-E(Z) Protein Complex Is Distinct From Other Polycomb Group Complexes And Contains Covalently Modified Esc, Joyce Ng, Craig M. Hart, Kelly Morgan, Jeffrey A. Simon

Faculty Publications

The extra sex combs (ESC) and Enhancer of zeste [E(Z)] proteins, members of the Polycomb group (PcG) of transcriptional repressors, interact directly and are coassociated in fly embryos. We report that these two proteins are components of a 600-kDa complex in embryos. Using gel filtration and affinity chromatography, we show that this complex is biochemically distinct from previously described complexes containing the PcG proteins Polyhomeotic, Polycomb, and Sex comb on midleg. In addition, we present evidence that ESC is phosphorylated in vivo and that this modified ESC is preferentially associated in the complex with E(Z). Modified ESC accumulates between 2 …

Ac Susceptibility Of Sr3CuptXIr1-XO6: A Magnetic System With Competing Interactions And Dimensionality, S H. Irons, T D. Sangrey, K M. Beauchamp, M D. Smith, Hans Conrad Zur Loye

Faculty Publications

Sr₃CuPt_xIr_1-xO₆ has been cited as an example of a one-dimensional quantum spin chain with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. We have measured the ac susceptibility of Sr₃CuPt_xIr_1-xO₆ with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7, in magnetic fields of 0–60 kOe, and at temperatures down to 0.275 K. Our data show that the x=endpoint Sr₃CuIrO₆, exhibits long-range ferromagnetic order at T=20.1 K, contrary to results from dc susceptibility studies which indicated that it remained a one-dimensional ferromagnet to below 4 …

Using Implicit Feedback For User Modeling In Internet And Intranet Searching, Jinmook Kim, Douglas W. Oard, Kathleen Romanik

Faculty Publications

Powerize Server 1.0, developed by Powerize.com, is a content-based information filtering and retrieval system that presently uses a manually constructed user model known as a search profile. User modeling captures a user’s information needs. A user model can be constructed explicitly by the user or implicitly by exploiting feedback from the user about which documents are relevant. Implicit feedback can be inferred from user behavior without any additional work on the part of the user. The study reported in this paper investigates a way of implementing the implicit feedback technique of user modeling for the Powerize Server 1.0. Previous studies …

Review Of The Software "Dans Un Quartier De Paris", Lara Lomicka, Hélène Gresso

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

3d Outside Cell Interference Factor For An Air-Ground Cdma ‘Cellular’ System, David W. Matolak

Faculty Publications

We compute the outside-cell interference factor of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system for a three-dimensional (3-D) air-to-ground (AG) "cellular-like" network consisting of a set of uniformly distributed ground base stations and airborne mobile users. The CDMA capacity is roughly inversely proportional to the outside-cell interference factor. It is shown that for the nearly free-space propagation environment of these systems, the outside-cell interference factor can be larger than that for terrestrial propagation models (as expected) and depends approximately logarithmically upon both the cell height and cell radius.

Turbidite Megabeds In An Oceanic Rift Valley Recording Jokulhlaups Of Late Pleistocene Glacial Lakes Of The Western United States, G.G. Zuffa, W.R. Normark, F. Serra, Charlotte A. Brunner

Faculty Publications

Escanaba Trough is the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge and is filled by sandy turbidites locally exceeding 500 m in thickness. New results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 that include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 dates and revised petrographic evaluation of the sediment provenance, combined with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, provide a lithostratigraphic framework for the turbidite deposits. Three fining-upward units of sandy turbidites from the upper 365 m at ODP Site 1037 can be correlated with sediment recovered at ODP Site 1038 and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 35. Six AMS C-14 ages in …

Annotated Bibliography Of Research In The Teaching Of English, Deborah Brown, Wayne Martino, Gert Rijlaarsdam, Anne D'Antonio Stinson, Melissa E. Whiting

Faculty Publications

Twice a year, in the May ann November issues, RTE publishes a selected bibliography of recent research in the teaching of English. Most of the studies appeared during the six-mouth period preceding the complication of the bibliography (July through December; 1999, for the present bibliography), but some studies that appeared earlier are occasionally included. The listing is selective; we make no attempt to include all research and research-related articles that appeared in the period under review. Comments on the bibliography and suggestions about items for inclusion may be directed to the bibliography editors We encourage you to send your suggestions …

Investigatory Practices And The Changing Entrapment Defense, Paul Marcus

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Multilevel Coded Modulation For Unequal Error Protection And Multistage Decoding—Part Ii: Asymmetric Constellations, Motohiko Isaka, Marc P. C. Fossorier, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Shu Lin, Hideki Imai

Faculty Publications

In this paper, multilevel coded asymmetric modulation with multistage decoding and unequal error protection (UEP) is discussed. These results further emphasize the fact that unconventional signal set partitionings are more promising than traditional (Ungerboeck-type) partitionings, to achieve UEP capabilities with multilevel coding and multistage decoding. Three types of unconventional partitionings are analyzed for asymmetric 8-PSK and 16-QAM constellations over the additive white Gaussian noise channel to introduce design guidelines. Generalizations to other PSK and QAM type constellations follow the same lines. Upper bounds on the bit-error probability based on union bound arguments are first derived. In some cases, these bounds …

The Q2 Dependence Of Dijet Cross Sections In Γp Interactions At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The dependence of the photon structure on the photon virtuality, Q2, is studied by measuring the reaction e+p → e+ + jet + jet + X at photon-proton centre-of-mass energies 134 < W < 223 GeV. Events have been selected in the Q2 ranges ≃ 0 GeV2, 0.1-0.55 GeV2, and 1.5-4.5 GeV2, having two jets with transverse energy E(T)/(jet) > 5.5 GeV in the final state. The dijet cross section has been measured as a function of the fractional momentum of the photon participating in the hard process, x(γ)/(OBS). The ratio of the dijet cross section with x(γ)/(OBS) < 0.75 to that with x(γ)/(OBS) > 0.75 decreases as Q2 increases. The data are compared with the predictions of NLO pQCD and leading-order Monte Carlo programs using various parton distribution functions of the photon. The measurements can …

Optical Properties Of The Kara Sea, Donald R. Johnson, Vernon L. Asper, Thomas Mcclimans, Alan D. Weidemann

Faculty Publications

This study was motivated by the need to understand dispersion processes which affect the redistribution of nuclear wastes in the Arctic from dump sites in the Kara Sea and in the rivers which flow into the Kara Sea. We focus on vertical profiles of light beam transmission and fluorometry made over the delta region fronting the Ob and Yenisey Rivers and over the East Novaya Zemlya Trough (ENZT). The delta region fronting the Ob River Estuary contains a large repository of particles in a dense bottom nepheloid layer with a maximum centered similar to 100 km in front of the …

Bounding Interval Rational Bézier Curves With Interval Polynomial Bézier Curves, Thomas W. Sederberg, Falai Chen, Wenping Lou

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we put forward and study the problem of bounding an interval rational Bézier curve with an interval polynomial Bézier curve. We propose three different methods—Hybrid Method, Perturbation Method and Linear Programming Method to solve this problem. Examples are illustrated to compare the three different methods. The empirical results show that the Perturbation Method and the Linear Programming Method produce much tighter bounds than the Hybrid Method, though they are computationally several times more expensive.