Digital Commons Network^™

Direct Measurement Of Performance: A New Era In Antimicrobial Stewardship, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Hana Rac Winders, P. Brandon Bookstaver, Julie Ann Justo

Faculty Publications

Penicillin allergies are among of the most commonly reported allergies, yet only 10% of these patients are truly allergic. This leads to potential inadvertent negative consequences for patients and makes treatment decisions challenging for clinicians. Thus, allergy assessment and penicillin skin testing (PST) are important management strategies to reconcile and clarify labeled penicillin allergies. While PST is more common in the inpatient setting where the results will immediately impact antibiotic management, this process is becoming of increasing importance in the outpatient setting. PST in the outpatient setting allows clinicians to proactively de-label and educate patients accordingly so beta-lactam antibiotics may …

Associations Between Parental Media Monitoring, Media Use, And Internalizing Symptoms During Adolescence, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Laura A. Stockdale, Ryan D. Mclean

Faculty Publications

Although time spent using media has been linked to internalizing problems, few studies have explored the role that parents might play in these associations. The current study explored how controlling and autonomy-supportive restrictive and active parental media monitoring were associated with adolescents’ internalizing problems via time spent using media (media multitasking, social media, TV, video games, music, reading, texting, and Internet). The current study used data from a national study of teens aged 10–20 (N 1,193, 52% female, 68% White, 13% Black, 11% Latino). Results suggested that only autonomy-supportive restrictive media monitoring was associated with lower media use for both …

Extraction Of Form Factors From A Four-Dimensional Angular Analysis B̅ →D∗ℓ−V̅ ℓ, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

An angular analysis of the decay B̅ → D ∗ ℓ − v̅ ℓ , ℓ ∈ { e , μ } , is reported using the full e ⁺e⁻ collision data set collected by the BABAR experiment at the Υ (4S) resonance. One B meson from the Υ (4S) → B B̅ decay is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, which constrains the kinematics and provides a determination of the neutrino momentum vector. The kinematics of the semileptonic decay is described by the dilepton mass squared, q² , and three …

Locally Self-Consistent Embedding Approach For Disordered Electronic Systems, Yi Zhang, Hanna Terletska, Ka Ming Tam, Yang Wang, Markus Eisenbach, Liviu Chioncel, Mark Jarrell

Faculty Publications

We present an embedding scheme for the locally self-consistent method to study disordered electron systems. We test this method in a tight-binding basis and apply it to the single band Anderson model. The local interaction zone is used to efficiently compute the local Green's function of a supercell embedded into a local typical medium. We find a quick convergence as the size of the local interaction zone which reduces the computational costs as expected. This method captures the Anderson localization transition and accurately predicts the critical disorder strength. The present work opens the path towards the development of a typical …

Fate Of Hydrous Fe-Rich Silicate Melt In Earth's Deep Mantle, Zhixue Du, Jie Deng, Yoshinori Miyazaki, Ho Kwang Mao, Bijaya B. Karki, Kanani K.M. Lee

Faculty Publications

Density of silicate melt dictates melt migration and establishes the gross structure of Earth's interior. However, due to technical challenges, the melt density of relevant compositions is poorly known at deep mantle conditions. Particularly, water may be dissolved in such melts in large amounts and can potentially affect their density at extreme pressure and temperature conditions. Here we perform first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the density of Fe-rich, eutectic-like silicate melt (E melt) with varying water content up to about 12 wt %. Our results show that water mixes nearly ideally with the nonvolatile component in silicate melt and …

Reduction Of A Detailed Soot Model For Simulations Of Pyrolysing Solid Fuels, Alexander J. Josephson, Emily M. Hopkins, David O. Lignell, Rod R. Linn

Faculty Publications

This work presents a computationally inexpensive soot formation model for use in simulating large solid-complex fuel systems. The proposed model evaluates three variables: number density of tars, bulk mass density of soot particles, and particle number density. Each of these variables are influenced by soot formation phenomena, and this model evaluates the most common of these phenomena: soot nucleation, surface reactions, and coagulation. Two separate simulations were carried out using this model and results were compared against simulations using a more detailed and computationally expensive model. Results are promising and show a meaningful reduction in model complexity and computational cost …

Under The Radar: Simplifying The Representation Of Latent Class Characteristics, Jimi Adams, Adam M. Lippert

Faculty Publications

In this visualization, we demonstrate how to use radar plots to represent the class-specific posterior response probabilities from latent class analysis results. These plots allow for a simple representation of the class differences in the distributions across the modeled indicators. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with results from a published model of women’s employment and family life circumstances. In doing so, we demonstrate how to avoid some of the pitfalls common to radar plots and provide example code to allow other researchers to readily adapt this approach to present their own results.

Penicillin Allergy Skin Testing In The Inpatient Setting, Julie Ann Justo, Wesley D. Kufel, Lisa Avery, P. Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

The consequences of a documented penicillin allergy in the medical record are especially troublesome in acutely ill, hospitalized patients. A penicillin allergy label may lead to alternative or second line therapies resulting in adverse drug events, negative clinical outcomes and increased costs. Reconciling penicillin allergies is a necessity to facilitate early, optimal therapy and is a shared responsibility among the healthcare team. Penicillin skin testing (PST) has been utilized successfully in hospitalized patients to de-label erroneous penicillin allergies and optimize antibiotic therapy. This targeted review aims to discuss the practical development and implementation of PST in the inpatient setting. This …

Characterization Of Mechanical Properties Of Thin-Film Li-Ion Battery Electrodes From Laser Excitation And Measurements Of Zero Group Velocity Resonances, Jing Yao, Joseph Cassler, Dean R. Wheeler, Brian A. Mazzeo

Faculty Publications

The mechanical properties of thin-film Li-ion battery electrodes are controlled by the microstructure of the constituent materials. In this work, a noncontact and nondestructive measurement of the mechanical properties of electrode films is performed by measurement of zero-group velocity (ZGV) resonances. Theoretical models are used to quantify the sensitivity of the ZGV resonances to changes in mechanical properties. The ZGV Lamb modes of a solid bilayer consisting of a thin metallic layer and a thin compliant coating layer are shown to be dependent on Young’s moduli, thicknesses, densities, and Poisson’s ratios of the layers. Experimental ZGV resonances are excited using …

Why You Should Consider Going To Non-Library Conferences, Michael Denotto

Faculty Publications

I have been an academic librarian for almost 7 years. This summer, I attended my first ALA National Conference. I plan on attending my first ACRL Conference in 2021. Nearly half the conferences I have participated in during my career have been non-library focused. I believe that alternating between library and non-library conferences has made me a better librarian and library advocate. And, as such, this is a path that I encourage other librarians to consider.

A Productivity Collapse To End Earth’S Great Oxidation, Malcolm S.W. Hodgskiss, Peter W. Crockford, Yongbo Peng, Boswell A. Wing, Tristan J. Horner

Faculty Publications

© 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. It has been hypothesized that the overall size of—or efficiency of carbon export from—the biosphere decreased at the end of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) (ca. 2,400 to 2,050 Ma). However, the timing, tempo, and trigger for this decrease remain poorly constrained. Here we test this hypothesis by studying the isotope geochemistry of sulfate minerals from the Belcher Group, in subarctic Canada. Using insights from sulfur and barium isotope measurements, combined with radiometric ages from bracketing strata, we infer that the sulfate minerals studied here record ambient sulfate in the immediate …

Near-Field Effects On Partially Coherent Light Scattered By An Aperture, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Michael J. Havrilla

Faculty Publications

We investigate how the near field affects partially coherent light scattered from an aperture in an opaque screen. Prior work on this subject has focused on the role of surface plasmons, and how they affect spatial coherence is well documented. Here, we consider other near-field effects that might impact spatial coherence. We do this by examining the statistics of the near-zone field scattered from an aperture in a perfect electric conductor plane—a structure that does not support surface plasmons. We derive the near-field statistics (in particular, cross-spectral density functions) by applying electromagnetic equivalence theorems and the Method of Moments. We …

Observationally Constrained Analysis Of Sea Salt Aerosol In The Marine Atmosphere, Huisheng Bian, Karl Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, Jack E. Dibb, Anton Darmenov, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Arlindo Da Silva, Tom L. Kucsera, Gregory Schill, Hongbin Yu, Paul Bui, Maximilian Dollner, Bernadett B. Weinzierl, Alexander Smirnov

Faculty Publications

Atmospheric sea salt plays important roles in marine cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry. We performed an integrated analysis of NASA GEOS model simulations run with the GOCART aerosol module, in situ measurements from the PALMS and SAGA instruments obtained during the NASA ATom campaign, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the AERONET Marine Aerosol Network (MAN) and from MODIS satellite observations to better constrain sea salt in the marine atmosphere. ATom measurements and GEOS model simulations both show that sea salt concentrations over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have a strong vertical gradient, varying up to 4 orders of …

Controlling The Spatial Coherence Of An Optical Source Using A Spatial Filter, Milo W. Hyde Iv

Faculty Publications

This paper presents the theory for controlling the spectral degree of coherence via spatial filtering. Starting with a quasi-homogeneous partially coherent source, the cross-spectral density function of the field at the output of the spatial filter is found by applying Fourier and statistical optics theory. The key relation obtained from this analysis is a closed-form expression for the filter function in terms of the desired output spectral degree of coherence. This theory is verified with Monte Carlo wave-optics simulations of spatial coherence control and beam shaping for potential use in free-space optical communications and directed energy applications. The simulated results …

Would You Test For 5000 Shillings? Hiv Risk And Willingness To Accept Hiv Testing In Tanzania, Jan Ostermann, Derek S. Brown, Axel Mühlbacher, Bernard Njau, Nathan Thielman

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Despite substantial public health efforts to increase HIV testing, testing rates have plateaued in many countries and rates of repeat testing for those with ongoing risk are low. To inform policies aimed at increasing uptake of HIV testing, we identified characteristics associated with individuals’ willingness-to-accept (WTA) an HIV test in a general population sample and among two high-risk populations in Moshi, Tanzania.

Methods: In total, 721 individuals, including randomly selected community members (N = 402), female barworkers (N = 135), and male Kilimanjaro mountain porters (N = 184), were asked in a double-bounded contingent valuation format if they would …

Small Soil C Cycle Responses To Three Years Of Cover Crops In Maize Cropping Systems, Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark, A. Stuart Grandy, Randall D. Jackson

Faculty Publications

Cover crops are touted for their ability to improve many ecosystem functions in annual cropping systems. In addition to water and nutrient retention, cover crops may influence C cycling by increasing total C inputs to the agroecosystem, stimulating microbial populations, altering main crop residue decomposition rate, or changing litter chemistry over time. We assessed whether annual (rye) or perennial (bluegrass) cover crops in maize cropping systems influenced maize residue decomposition (litterbags) or microbial communities (shotgun metagenomics) in soil and litter, and whether these cover crops had an effect on microbially active pools of C: particulate organic matter (POM) C and …

Evaluation Of The Stock Structure Of Cobia (Rachycentron Canadum) In The Southeastern United States By Using Dart-Tag And Genetics Data, Matt Perkinson, Tanya Darden, Maggie Jamison, Matt J. Walker, Michael R. Denson, James Franks, Read Hendon, Susanna Musick, Eric S. Orbensen

Faculty Publications

Available tag-recapture and population genetics data for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in the southeastern United States were evaluated to provide information on population structure and determine the geographic boundary between stocks in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The movements of 1750 cobia were evaluated on the basis of assigned tagging and recapture zones. Genetic samples from an additional 2796 cobia collected during the presumed spawning season were genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci, and standard population genetic statistical analyses were applied to the resulting sample data set. Tag-recapture results indicate that cobia tagged south of Cape Canaveral, …

Functional And Anatomical Variations In Retinorecipient Brain Areas In Arvicanthis Niloticus And Rattus Norvegicus: Implications For The Circadian And Masking Systems, Dorela D. Shuboni-Mulligan, Breyanna L. Cavanaugh, Anne Tonson, Erik M. Shapiro, Andrew J. Gall

Faculty Publications

Daily rhythms in light exposure influence the expression of behavior by entraining circadian rhythms and through its acute effects on behavior (i.e., masking). Importantly, these effects of light are dependent on the temporal niche of the organism; for diurnal organisms, light increases activity, whereas for nocturnal organisms, the opposite is true. Here we examined the functional and morphological differences between diurnal and nocturnal rodents in retinorecipient brain regions using Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (Rattus norvegicus), respectively. We established the presence of circadian rhythmicity in cFOS activation in retinorecipient brain regions in …

Histone H4 H75e Mutation Attenuates Global Genomic And Rad26-Independent Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair, Shisheng Li, Kathiresan Selvam, Sheikh Arafatur Rahman

Faculty Publications

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) consists of global genomic NER (GG-NER) and transcription coupled NER (TC-NER) subpathways. In eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is wrapped around histone octamers (an H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers) to form nucleosomes, which are well known to profoundly inhibit the access of NER proteins. Through unbiased screening of histone H4 residues in the nucleosomal LRS (loss of ribosomal DNA-silencing) domain, we identified 24 mutations that enhance or decrease UV sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The histone H4 H75E mutation, which is largely embedded in the nucleosome and interacts with histone H2B, significantly attenuates GG-NER and Rad26-independent …

Limited Data Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis With Few-Shot Learning, Ansi Zhang, Shaobo Li, Yuxin Cui, Wanli Yang, Rongzhi Dong, Jianjun Hu

Faculty Publications

This paper focuses on bearing fault diagnosis with limited training data. A major challenge in fault diagnosis is the infeasibility of obtaining sufficient training samples for every fault type under all working conditions. Recently deep learning based fault diagnosis methods have achieved promising results. However, most of these methods require large amount of training data. In this study, we propose a deep neural network based few-shot learning approach for rolling bearing fault diagnosis with limited data. Our model is based on the siamese neural network, which learns by exploiting sample pairs of the same or different categories. Experimental results over …

First Measurements Of The Spectral And Angular Distribution Of Transition Radiation Using A Silicon Pixel Sensor On A Timepix3 Chip, E. J. Schioppa, F. Dachs, J. Alozy, N. Belyaev, M. Campbell, M. Cherry, S. Doronin, K. Filippov, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, E. H.M. Heijne, S. Konovalov, D. Krasnopevtsev, X. Llopart, F. Loparco, V. Mascagna, M. N. Mazziotta, H. Pernegger, D. Ponomarenko, M. Prest, D. Pyatiizbyantseva, R. Radomskii, C. Rembser, A. Romaniouk, E. Shulga, S. Smirnov, Y. Smirnov, M. Soldani, P. Spinelli, D. Yu Sergeeva, A. A. Savchenko, D. Schaefer, M. Strikhanov

Faculty Publications

X-ray Transition radiation detectors (TRDs) are used for particle identification in both high energy physics and astroparticle physics. Particle identification is often achieved based on a threshold effect of the X-ray transition radiation (TR). In most of the detectors, TR emission starts at γ factors above ∼500 and reaches saturation at γ∼2−3⋅103. However, many experiments require particle identification up to γ∼105, which is difficult to achieve with current detectors, based only on the measurement of the photon energy together with the particle ionization losses. Additional information on the Lorentz factor can be extracted from the angular distribution of TR photons. …

Use Of Logistic Regression To Identify Factors Influencing The Post-Incident State Of Occupational Injuries In Agribusiness Operations, Fatemeh Davoudi Kakhki, Steven Freeman, Gretchen Mosher

Faculty Publications

Agribusiness industries are among the most hazardous workplaces for non-fatal occupational injuries. The term “post-incident state” is used to describe the health status of an injured person when a non-fatal occupational injury has occurred, in the post-incident period when the worker returns to work, either immediately with zero days away from work (medical state) or after a disability period (disability state). An analysis of nearly 14,000 occupational incidents in agribusiness operations allowed for the classification of the post-incident state as medical or disability (77% and 23% of the cases, respectively). Due to substantial impacts of occupational incidents on labor-market outcomes, …

Thylakoid Localized Bestrophin-Like Proteins Are Essential For The Co2 Concentrating Mechanism Of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Ananya Mukherjee, Chun Sing Lau, Charlotte E. Walker, Ashwani K. Rai, Camille I. Prejean, Gary Yates, Thomas Emrich-Mills, Spencer G. Lemoine, David J. Vinyard, Luke C.M. Mackinder, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

© 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) that helps in successful acclimation to low CO2 conditions. Current models of the CCM postulate that a series of ion transporters bring HCO3− from outside the cell to the thylakoid lumen, where the carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAH3) dehydrates accumulated HCO3− to CO2, raising the CO2 concentration for Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Previously, HCO3− transporters have been identified at both the plasma membrane and the chloroplast envelope, but the transporter thought to be on the thylakoid membrane has not been identified. …

Seasonal Variability Of Forces Controlling Sedimentation In The Sundarbans National Forest, Bangladesh, Carol A. Wilson, E. J. Bomer

Faculty Publications

Southwest Bangladesh, located on the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, is experiencing the impacts of sea level rise (SLR) due to processes at both the local and global scale. In particular, regional alterations of the hydrodynamic network, due to embankment construction, have drastically altered effective SLR, placing millions of inhabitants at risk of prolonged inundation, and threatening the world's largest continuous mangrove stand, the Sundarbans National Forest (SNF). In order to effectively employ landscape recovery solutions, an understanding of local sediment transport and deposition is critical. This field-based study investigates the sediment dynamics between the mangrove platform and tidal channels of the SNF …

Social Media Goes To The Movies: Fear Of Missing Out, Social Capital, And Social Motivations Of Cinema Attendance, Alec C. Tefertiller, Lindsey Conlin Maxwell, David L. Morris Ii

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of participation in social media networks on theatrical movie attendance, with particular attention paid to the fear-of-missing-out (FoMO) and social media social capital. Using an online survey (N = 472), it was determined that the direct social utility of the theatrical experience was a better predictor of theatrical attendance than social media FoMO or social capital. However, both bridging social capital and FoMO were predictors of the post-viewing social media sharing of the film experience, with bridging social capital best predicting social media sharing. Furthermore, FoMO did not moderate …

Prospects For The Sustainable Management Of Public Oyster Resources, Thomas M. Soniat, Nathan A. Cooper, Eric N. Powell

Faculty Publications

Common-pool resources such as public oyster grounds are especially vulnerable to overexploitation and habitat loss. Like those elsewhere, oyster populations and habitat of Louisiana public grounds are in decline. To maintain reef habitat and increase oyster abundance, a sustainable harvest model is applied, which allows harvest above that required to maintain reef cultch stasis. The model is restrained to promote shell gain by limiting fishing by area, type (sack versus seed), effort, and season. Harvest quotas and cultch removal rates derived from shell-budget–based modeling are a foundation for sustainable management of public oyster resources.

The Value Of Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare For Adolescent Substance Users With Comorbid Conditions, Michael A. Gass, Thomas Wilson, Brett Talbot, Anita Reithoffer Tucker, Melissa Ugianskis, Nicholas Brennan

Faculty Publications

The damage inflicted on our society by mental health and substance use issues is reaching epidemic proportions with few signs of abating. One new and innovative strategy for addressing these comorbid issues has been the development of outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH). This study compared the effectiveness of three post-acute adolescent substance use situations: OBH, treatment as usual (TAU), and no structured treatment (NST). The simulated target population was 13-17 years old with comorbid substance use and mental health issues. When costs were adjusted for actual completion rates of 94% in OBH, 37% in TAU, and $0 for NST, the actual …

Contract Law And The Liberalism Of Fear, Nathan B. Oman

Faculty Publications

Liberalism’s concern with human freedom seems related to contractual freedom and thus contract law. There are, however, many strands of liberal thought and which of them best justifies contract is a difficult question. In The Choice Theory of Contracts, Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller offer a vision of contract based on autonomy. Drawing on the work of Joseph Raz, they argue that extending autonomy should be the law’s primary concern, which requires that we extend the range of contractual choices available. While there is much to admire in their work, I argue that autonomy as conceived by Dagan and Heller …

Odds Of Acute Kidney Injury In Patients Receiving Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors: A National Cohort Study Within The Department Of Veterans Affairs, Shawn Scott Sutton, Joseph Maggnoli, Tammy H. Cummings, James W. Hardin

Faculty Publications

Preclinical and clinical data of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors have demonstrated discordant data regarding acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between DPP‐4 use and AKI. This cohort study utilized data from the Department of Veterans Affairs evaluating patients diagnosed with type 2 (T2) diabetes with a DPP‐4 inhibitor and compared with nondiabetic and diabetic patients. The primary end point is the development of AKI, and statistical analyses were performed to examine the association. DPP‐4 use is associated with a lower odds of AKI compared with diabetics (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.39; 95% confidence …

Firearm Availability And Storage Practices Among Military Personnel Who Have Thought About Suicide, Craig J. Bryan, Annabelle O. Bryan, Michael D. Anestis, Lauren Khazem, Julia Harris, Alexis May, Cynthia Thomsen

Faculty Publications

More than 60% of US military suicides occur at home and involve a firearm. Nearly all military firearm suicides (95%) involve a personally owned firearm. Nonmilitary data indicate that the risk of suicide is 6 times higher in households with a firearm, although this risk may be reduced if the firearms are kept unloaded and/or locked. Because attempts using firearms have very high fatality rates, safe firearm storage practices could be an important component of comprehensive suicide prevention in the military. This study examined associations of firearm ownership and storage practices with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among military personnel.