Digital Commons Network^™

Changes In Regional Snowfall In Central North America (1961-2017): Mountain Versus Plains, Jiyang Zhang, Haochi Zheng, Xiaodong Zhang, Jeffrey Vanlooy

Faculty Publications

Long-term snowfall change offers insight for understanding climate change, managing water resources, and assessing climate model performance, especially at regional scales where topography plays an important role in shaping regional climate and water availability. In this study, we examined the changes of annual snowfall using observations from 1961 to 2017 in central North America, a region with high contrast in topographic complexities. There is a general, yet distinct difference in the snowfall trends demarcated approximately along the 105° W meridian. To its east, which is dominated by plains, snowfall had increased overall, except in a limited area south of 42° …

Ultrastructural Analysis Of Cells From Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) Infected With Bell Pepper Endornavirus, Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł, Edmund Kozieł, Cesar Escalante, Rodrigo A. Valverde

Faculty Publications

Endornaviruses include viruses that infect fungi, oomycetes, and plants. The genome of plant endornaviruses consists of linear ssRNA ranging in size from approximately 13-18 kb and lacking capsid protein and cell-to-cell movement capability. Although, plant endornaviruses have not been shown to cause detectable changes in the plant phenotype, they have been associated with alterations of the host physiology. Except for the association of cytoplasmic vesicles with infections by Vicia faba endornavirus, effects on the plant cell ultrastructure caused by endornaviruses have not been reported. Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) has been identified in several pepper (Capsicum spp.) species. We conducted ultrastructural …

Turbulence Modulation In Particle-Laden Stationary Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence Using One-Dimensional Turbulence, Marco Fistler, Alan Kerstein, David O. Lignell, Michael Oevermann

Faculty Publications

Turbulence modulation in particle-laden stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulence is investigated using one-dimensional turbulence (ODT), a low-dimensional stochastic flow simulation model. For this purpose, ODT is extended in two ways. First, a forcing scheme that maintains statistical stationarity is introduced. Unlike direct numerical simulation (DNS) of forced turbulence, the ODT framework accommodates forcing that is not directly coupled to the momentum equation. For given forcing the ODT energy dissipation rate is therefore the same in particle-laden cases as in the corresponding single-phase reference case. Second, previously implemented one-way-coupled particle phenomenology is extended to two-way coupling using the general ODT methodology for …

The Relation Between Linguistic Awareness Skills And Spelling In Adults: A Comparison Among Scoring Procedures, Victoria S. Henbest, Lisa A. Fitton Ph.D., Krystal L. Werfel, Kenn Apel

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Spelling is a skill that relies on an individual’s linguistic awareness, the ability to overtly manipulate language. The ability to accurately spell is important for academic and career success into adulthood. The spelling skills of adults have received some attention in the literature, but there is limited information regarding which approach for analyzing adults’ spelling is optimal for guiding instruction or intervention for those who struggle. Thus, we aimed to examine the concurrent validity of four different scoring methods for measuring adults’ spellings (a dichotomous scoring method and three continuous methods) and to determine whether adults’ linguistic awareness skills …

Relaxation Phenomena In Adiabatic Temperature Changes Near Magnetostructural Transitions In Heusler Alloys, Yury Koshkid'ko, Sudip Pandey, Jacek Cwik, Igor Dubenko, Anil Aryal, Alexander Granovsky, Damian Szymanski, Shane Stadler, Erkki Lähderanta, Naushad Ali

Faculty Publications

The relaxation processes of the adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTad) at the phase transitions in Ni45Mn43CoSn11, Ni50Mn36.5In13.5, and Ni50Mn35In14.25B0.75 Heusler alloys with different magnetic structures have been studied using a direct extraction method in magnetic fields up to 14 T. It has been found that ΔTad exhibits short relaxation times (less than 10−1 (s)) in the vicinity of the second order phase transitions at the Curie temperatures. The relaxation times of the first order martensitic transitions strongly depend on the latent heat of the transition and can be characterized by a logarithmic law.

Search For Electron Antineutrino Appearance In A Long-Baseline Muon Antineutrino Beam, K. Abe, R. Akutsu, A. Ali, C. Alt, C. Andreopoulos, L. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, Y. Awataguchi, S. Ban, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, C. Barry, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, A. Beloshapkin, F. Bench, V. Berardi, S. Berkman, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, S. Bienstock, A. Blondel

Faculty Publications

Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam operation to constrain parameters of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. T2K observes 15 candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3 events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored with a significance of 2.40σ and no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data …

Multi-Attribute Analysis Using Coherency And Ant-Tracking Techniques For Fault And Fracture Detection In La Florida Anticline, Llanos Foothills, Colombia, Ziyad Albesher, James N. Kellogg, Ibraheem Hafiza, Essam Saeid

Faculty Publications

We present techniques to reduce noise and enhance seismic quality, making possible the first multi-attribute analysis of a 3D seismic volume in the Llanos Foothills (La Florida anticline) of Colombia using coherency and ant-tracking techniques for fault and fracture detection. The results could help reduce risk in models of reservoir fracture porosity and permeability. The dominant fracture strike direction in the studied seismic volume (La Florida anticline) is NE–SW (055 ± 20°), parallel to the structural strike of the adjacent Eastern Cordillera Foothills. The application of the ant-tracking technique also reveals the NE-SW fracture set for the reservoir rocks in …

Gauge-Invariant Bounce From Loop Quantum Gravity, Klaus Liegener, Parampreet Singh

Faculty Publications

We present a gauge-invariant treatment of singularity resolution using loop quantum gravity techniques with respect to local SU(2) transformations. Our analysis reveals many novel features of quantum geometry which were till now hidden in models based on non-gauge-invariant discretizations. Quantum geometric effects resolve the big bang singularity replacing it with a non-singular bounce when spacetime curvature reaches Planckian value. The bounce is found to be generically asymmetric in the sense that pre-bounce and post-bounce branches are not mirrored to each other and effective constants, such as Newton's constant, are rescaled across the bounce. Furthermore, in the vicinity of the bounce, …

Pharmacist-Driven Culture And Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Follow-Up Program In The Emergency Department, Stephanie C. Shealy, Christine Alexander, Tina Grof Hardison, Joseph Magagnoli, Julie Ann Justo, Caroline Derrick, Joseph Kohn, Hana Rac Winders, Troy Privette, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, P. Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

Expanding pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship efforts in the emergency department (ED) can improve antibiotic management for both admitted and discharged patients. We piloted a pharmacist-driven culture and rapid diagnostic technology (RDT) follow-up program in patients discharged from the ED. This was a single-center, pre- and post-implementation, cohort study examining the impact of a pharmacist-driven culture/RDT follow-up program in the ED. Adult patients discharged from the ED with subsequent positive cultures and/or RDT during the pre- (21 August 2018–18 November 2018) and post-implementation (19 November 2018–15 February 2019) periods were screened for inclusion. The primary endpoints were time from ED discharge to …

Convergent Evolution Of Olfactory And Thermoregulatory Capacities In Small Amphibious Mammals, Quentin Martinez, Julien Clavel, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang S. Achmadi, Camille Grohé, Nelly Pirot, Pierre Henri Fabre

Faculty Publications

Olfaction and thermoregulation are key functions for mammals. The former is critical to feeding, mating, and predator avoidance behaviors, while the latter is essential for homeothermy. Aquatic and amphibious mammals face olfactory and thermoregulatory challenges not generally encountered by terrestrial species. In mammals, the nasal cavity houses a bony system supporting soft tissues and sensory organs implicated in either olfactory or thermoregulatory functions. It is hypothesized that to cope with aquatic environments, amphibious mammals have expanded their thermoregulatory capacity at the expense of their olfactory system. We investigated the evolutionary history of this potential trade-off using a comparative dataset of …

Patient With Questions About Cancer Risk, Deborah O. Himes, Jennie Vagher

Faculty Publications

Primary care nurse practitioners routinely care for patients with personal or family histories of cancer. Approximately 5% to 10% of all cancers are related to hereditary cancer syndromes (HCSs), which cause an increased risk for developing more cancers and cancers at earlier ages than the general population. Nurse practitioners in primary care must become comfortable with identifying patients at risk for HCSs. Ordering genetic tests can be a challenge because the number of genetic tests available is growing at a rapid pace. This case highlights a woman who survived breast cancer at age 25 and basal cell carcinoma at age …

A Joint Fermi-Gbm And Ligo/Virgo Analysis Of Compact Binary Mergers From The First And Second Gravitational-Wave Observing Runs, R. Hamburg, C. Fletcher, E. Burns, A. Goldstein, E. Bissaldi, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, M. M. Giles, C. M. Hui, D. Kocevski, S. Lesage, B. Mailyan, C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, R. Preece, O. J. Roberts, P. Veres, A. Von Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, J. Wood, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar

Faculty Publications

We present results from offline searches of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) data for gamma-ray transients coincident with the compact binary coalescences observed by the gravitational-wave (GW) detectors Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo during their first and second observing runs. In particular, we perform follow-up for both confirmed events and low significance candidates reported in the LIGO/Virgo catalog GWTC-1. We search for temporal coincidences between these GW signals and GBM-triggered gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We also use the GBM Untargeted and Targeted subthreshold searches to find coincident gamma-rays below the onboard triggering threshold. This work implements a refined statistical approach by …

Genetic Dissection Of Heat-Responsive Physiological Traits To Improve Adaptation And Increase Yield Potential In Soft Winter Wheat, Sumit Pradhan, Md Ali Babar, Guihua Bai, Jahangir Khan, Dipendra Shahi, Muhsin Avci, Jia Guo, Jordan Mcbreen, Senthold Asseng, Salvador Gezan, Byung Kee Baik, Ann Blount, Stephen Harrison, Suraj Sapkota, Paul St. Amand, Sanju Kunwar

Faculty Publications

Background: Climate change, including higher temperatures (HT) has a detrimental impact on wheat productivity and modeling studies predict more frequent heat waves in the future. Wheat growth can be impaired by high daytime and nighttime temperature at any developmental stage, especially during the grain filling stage. Leaf chlorophyll content, leaf greenness, cell membrane thermostability, and canopy temperature have been proposed as candidate traits to improve crop adaptation and yield potential of wheat under HT. Nonetheless, a significant gap exists in knowledge of genetic backgrounds associated with these physiological traits. Identifying genetic loci associated with these traits can facilitate physiological breeding …

Gas-Solid Reaction Pathway For Chlorination Of Rare Earth And Actinide Metals Using Hydrogen And Chlorine Gas, Parker Okabe, Matthew Newton, Devin Rappleye, Michael F. Simpson

Faculty Publications

Hydriding and chlorination of buttons of metallic cerium have been tested as a head-end step to separating metal impurities from actinides. The objective was to achieve complete conversion to chlorides while maintaining high surface area via small particles and open porosity. Hydriding by reaction with 100% H2 gas at 573 K was successful at reducing cm-scale metal buttons into small particles/fragments. This step was followed by reaction with flowing 99.5% anhydrous Cl2 gas at temperatures ranging from 423 to 573 K for 60 min. In experiments reported here, up to 92% conversion to cerium chloride was achieved from reacting with …

Imperfect Recollisions In High-Harmonic Generation In Solids, Lun Yue, Mette B. Gaarde

Faculty Publications

We theoretically investigate high-harmonic generation in hexagonal boron nitride with linearly polarized laser pulses. We show that imperfect recollisions between electron-hole pairs in the crystal give rise to an electron-hole-pair polarization energy that leads to a double-peak structure in the subcycle emission profiles. An extended recollision model (ERM) is developed that allows for such imperfect recollisions, as well as effects related to Berry connections, Berry curvatures, and transition-dipole phases. The ERM illuminates the distinct spectrotemporal characteristics of harmonics emitted parallel and perpendicularly to the laser polarization direction. Imperfect recollisions are a general phenomenon and a manifestation of the spatially delocalized …

Emerging Roles For The Nucleolus 2019, Susan J. Baserga, Patrick J. Dimario, Francesca E. Duncan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measurements Of The Absolute Branching Fractions Of B± → K±Xcc, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges

Faculty Publications

A study of the two-body decays B^±→X_ccK^±, where Placeholder refers to one charmonium state, is reported by the BABAR Collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb⁻¹. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BABARmeasurements. Evidence is found for the decay B⁺→ X ( 3872) K ⁺

at the Placeholder level. The absolute branching fraction Placeholder is measured for the first time. It follows that Placeholder, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance.

Impact Of Reappraisal Of Fluoroquinolone Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Susceptibility Breakpoints In Gram-Negative Bloodstream Isolates, Stephanie C. Shealy, Matthew M. Brigmon, Julie Ann Justo, P Brandon Bookstaver, Joseph Kohn, Majdi N. Al-Hasan

Faculty Publications

The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute lowered the fluoroquinolone minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility breakpoints for and glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli in January 2019. This retrospective cohort study describes the impact of this reappraisal on ciprofloxacin susceptibility overall and in patients with risk factors for antimicrobial resistance. Gram-negative bloodstream isolates collected from hospitalized adults at Prisma Health-Midlands hospitals in South Carolina, USA, from January 2010 to December 2014 were included. Matched pairs mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to examine the change in ciprofloxacin susceptibility after MIC breakpoint reappraisal. Susceptibility of to ciprofloxacin declined by 5.2% (95% …

Constraint On The Matter–Antimatter Symmetry-Violating Phase In Neutrino Oscillations, K. Abe, R. Akutsu, A. Ali, C. Alt, C. Andreopoulos, L. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, T. Arihara, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, Y. Awataguchi, S. Ban, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, C. Barry, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, A. Beloshapkin, F. Bench, V. Berardi, S. Berkman, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, S. Bienstock

Faculty Publications

The charge-conjugation and parity-reversal (CP) symmetry of fundamental particles is a symmetry between matter and antimatter. Violation of this CP symmetry was first observed in 19641, and CP violation in the weak interactions of quarks was soon established2. Sakharov proposed3 that CP violation is necessary to explain the observed imbalance of matter and antimatter abundance in the Universe. However, CP violation in quarks is too small to support this explanation. So far, CP violation has not been observed in non-quark elementary particle systems. It has been shown that CP violation in leptons could generate the matter–antimatter disparity through a process …

Material Discovery And High Throughput Exploration Of Ru Based Catalysts For Low Temperature Ammonia Decomposition, Katherine Mccullough, Pei-Hua Chiang, Juan D. Jimenez, Jochen A. Lauterbach

Faculty Publications

High throughput experimentation has the capability to generate massive, multidimensional datasets, allowing for the discovery of novel catalytic materials. Here, we show the synthesis and catalytic screening of over 100 unique Ru-Metal-K based bimetallic catalysts for low temperature ammonia decomposition, with a Ru loading between 1–3 wt% Ru and a fixed K loading of 12 wt% K, supported on γ-Al2O3. Bimetallic catalysts containing Sc, Sr, Hf, Y, Mg, Zr, Ta, or Ca in addition to Ru were found to have excellent ammonia decomposition activity when compared to state-of-the-art catalysts in literature. Furthermore, the Ru content could be reduced to 1 …

Energetics Of Interfacial Interactions Of Hydrocarbon Fluids With Kerogen And Calcite Using Molecular Modeling, Zelong Zhang, Haoran Liu, Jianwei Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Understanding of the fluid-rock interactions is essential to characterize the behavior of petroleum fluids in reservoir formations. Such knowledge is difficult to obtain due to the heterogeneous nature of hydrocarbon systems. This study investigated the interactions of light oil molecules with kerogen and calcite using molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, octane and octanthiol were used as model molecules for non-polar and polar oil compounds; a kerogen fragment molecule was employed as the building block for kerogen, the major constituent of reservoir rock organics; calcite was used as a model system for hydrophilic materials in reservoir rocks. …

Hysteresis And Beating Phenomena In Loop Quantum Cosmology, John L. Dupuy, Parampreet Singh

Faculty Publications

Difference in pressure during expansion and contraction stages of the cosmic evolution can result in a hysteresislike phenomenon in nonsingular cyclic models sourced with a massive scalar field. We discuss this phenomenon for spatially closed isotropic spacetimes in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) for a quadratic and a coshlike potential, with and without a negative cosmological constant using an effective spacetime description of the underlying quantum geometry. Two inequivalent loop quantizations are investigated-one based on holonomies of the Ashtekar-Barbero connection using closed loops, and another based on the connection operator. Due to the underlying quantum geometric effects, both of the models …

Primordial Power Spectrum From The Dressed Metric Approach In Loop Cosmologies, Bao Fei Li, Parampreet Singh, Anzhong Wang

Faculty Publications

We investigate the consequences of different regularizations and ambiguities in loop cosmological models on the predictions in the scalar and tensor primordial spectrum of the cosmic microwave background using the dressed metric approach. Three models, standard loop quantum cosmology (LQC), and two modified loop quantum cosmologies (mLQC-I and mLQC-II) arising from different regularizations of the Lorentzian term in the classical Hamiltonian constraint are explored for chaotic inflation in spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. In each model, two different treatments of the conjugate momentum of the scale factor are considered. The first one corresponds to the conventional treatment in dressed metric …

Optically Targeted Search For Gravitational Waves Emitted By Core-Collapse Supernovae During The First And Second Observing Runs Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud

Faculty Publications

We present the results from a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernovae observed within a source distance of approximately 20 Mpc during the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. No significant gravitational-wave candidate was detected. We report the detection efficiencies as a function of the distance for waveforms derived from multidimensional numerical simulations and phenomenological extreme emission models. The sources with neutrino-driven explosions are detectable at the distances approaching 5 kpc, and for magnetorotationally driven explosions the distances are up to 54 kpc. However, waveforms for extreme emission models are detectable up to …

Comparison Of Terrestrial Lidar, Sfm, And Mbes Resolution And Accuracy For Geomorphic Analyses In Physical Systems That Experience Subaerial And Subaqueous Conditions, Taylor Rowley, Mick Ursic, Kory Konsoer, Eddy Langendon, Mike Mutschler, Josh Sampey, Pawel Pocwiardowski

Faculty Publications

This study provides a systematic comparison of lidar, Multibeam Echo Sounders (MBES), and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) derived datasets collected over a fixed surface contained within a large outdoor flume converted to a 15 × 2.5 × 1.5 m tank. The surface incorporated various morphological features and structures for measurement technique comparison over varying surface type and geometries. Two lidar scans and two photograph sets (used in SfM) capture the subaerial surface within the experimental tank before and after the tank was filled for MBES measurements. MBES surveys at varied frequencies (200 and 400 kHz), swath widths (90° and 150°), and phase/amplitude …

Everyday Communication Challenges In Aphasia: Descriptions Of Experiences And Coping Strategies, Tyson G. Harmon

Faculty Publications

Background: Everyday communication often occurs in situations that pose high attentional and social demands. People with aphasia have reported perceiving greater challenge communicating in these situations, but more specific information about these challenges could help clinicians and researchers work toward more meaningful intervention outcomes and increased life participation.

Aims: To explore the everyday communication experiences of people with aphasia based on their own perspectives and to identify how they report coping with everyday communication challenges.

Method: Twenty-one participants with mild or moderate aphasia completed semi-structured interviews that immediately followed the experimental arm of a larger project. Interview questions solicited descriptions …

Nocturnal Copulation In Glaucous-Winged Gulls Larus Glaucescens, Floyd E. Hayes, James L. Hayward

Faculty Publications

Gulls (Laridae) are primarily diurnal, although many species forage opportunistically at night, and several species copulate at night. We used trail cameras to study time-of-day variation in the rate of copulation by Glaucous-winged Gulls Larus glaucescens in a breeding colony (1500+ pairs) at Protection Island, Washington, USA, from 31 May to 07 June 2018. Copulations (n = 353) occurred at a significantly higher rate during the day (0.82/camera-h) than at night (0.51/camera-h), with 76.3 % of copulations during the day and 23.7 % at night (daylight comprised 66.1 % and darkness comprised 33.9 % of the study period). The …

Water Lily (Nymphaea Thermarum) Genome Reveals Variable Genomic Signatures Of Ancient Vascular Cambium Losses, Rebecca A. Povilus, Jeffrey M. Dacosta, Christopher Grassa, Prasad R.V. Satyaki, Morgan Moeglein, Johan Jaenisch, Zhenxiang Xi, Sarah Mathews, Mary Gehring, Charles C. Davis, William E. Friedman

Faculty Publications

© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For more than 225 million y, all seed plants were woody trees, shrubs, or vines. Shortly after the origin of angiosperms ∼140 million y ago (MYA), the Nymphaeales (water lilies) became one of the first lineages to deviate from their ancestral, woody habit by losing the vascular cambium, the meristematic population of cells that produces secondary xylem (wood) and phloem. Many of the genes and gene families that regulate differentiation of secondary tissues also regulate the differentiation of primary xylem and phloem, which are produced by apical meristems and retained in …

Framework For Implementing Socially Just Climate Adaptation (Post-Print), Jeffrey T. Malloy, Catherine M. Ashcraft

Faculty Publications

The previous two decades of scholarship devoted to the role of social justice in climate change adaptation has established an important theoretical basis to evaluate the concept of just adaptation, or, in other words, how the implementation of climate adaptation policy affects socially vulnerable groups. This paper synthesizes insights from relevant literature on urban climate change governance, climate adaptation, urban planning, social justice theory, and policy implementation to develop three propositions concerning the conditions that must occur to implement just adaptation. First, just adaptation requires the inclusion of socially vulnerable as full participants with agency to shape the decisions that …

New Course: Writing With Data In The Public Interest, Paul A. Djupe

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.