Digital Commons Network^™

Steering Particles Via Micro-Actuation Of Chemical Gradients Using Model Predictive Control, Mark N. Mcdonald, Cameron K. Peterson, Douglas R. Tree

Faculty Publications

Biological systems rely on chemical gradients to direct motion through both chemotaxis and signaling, but synthetic approaches for doing the same are still relatively naïve. Consequently, we present a novel method for using chemical gradients to manipulate the position and velocity of colloidal particles in a microfluidic device. Specifically, we show that a set of spatially localized chemical reactions that are sufficiently controllable can be used to steer colloidal particles via diffusiophoresis along an arbitrary trajectory. To accomplish this, we develop a control method for steering colloidal particles with chemical gradients using nonlinear model predictive control with a model based …

Ads-B Classification Using Multivariate Long Short-Term Memory–Fully Convolutional Networks And Data Reduction Techniques, Sarah Bolton, Richard Dill, Michael R. Grimaila, Douglas Hodson

Faculty Publications

Researchers typically increase training data to improve neural net predictive capabilities, but this method is infeasible when data or compute resources are limited. This paper extends previous research that used long short-term memory–fully convolutional networks to identify aircraft engine types from publicly available automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data. This research designs two experiments that vary the amount of training data samples and input features to determine the impact on the predictive power of the ADS-B classification model. The first experiment varies the number of training data observations from a limited feature set and results in 83.9% accuracy (within 10% of …

Design And Characterization Of An Aerosol Test Chamber For Emergency Response Patient Contamination Control Simulation And Research, Megan L. Steele, Emily M. Spatz, George P. Lemmer, Jacob M. Denney, Casey Cooper, Jeremy M. Slagley, Robert M. Eninger

Faculty Publications

Contaminated or infected patients present a risk of cross-contamination for emergency responders, attending medical personnel and medical facilities as they enter a treatment facility. The controlled conditions of an aerosol test chamber are required to examine factors of contamination, decontamination, and cross-contamination. This study presents the design, construction, and a method for characterizing an aerosol test chamber for a full-sized manikin on a standard North Atlantic Treaty Organization litter. The methodology combined air velocity measurements, aerosol particle counts and size distributions, and computational fluid dynamics modeling to describe the chamber’s performance in three dimensions. This detailed characterization facilitates future experimental …

A Pseudo-Static Model For Dynamic Analysis On Frequency Domain Of Distributed Compliant Mechanisms, Mingxiang Ling, Larry L. Howell, June Cao, Zhou Jiang

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a pseudo-static modeling methodology for dynamic analysis of distributed compliant mechanisms to provide accurate and efficient solutions. First, a dynamic stiffness matrix of the flexible beam is deduced, which has the same definition and a similar form as the traditional static compliance/stiffness matrix but is frequency-dependent. Second, the pseudo-static modeling procedure for the dynamic analysis is implemented in a statics-similar way. Then, all the kinematic, static and dynamic performances of compliant mechanisms can be analyzed based on the pseudo- static model. The superiority of the proposed method is that when it is used for the dynamic modeling …

Regional Stiffness Reduction Using Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints For Flexible Printed Circuit Board Design, Bryce P. Defigueiredo, Brian Dale Russell, Trent K. Zimmerman, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs) make it possi- ble for engineers to design devices that use space efficiently

and can undergo changes in shape and configuration. How- ever, they also suffer from trade-offs due to non-ideal mate- rial properties. Here, a method is presented that allows en- gineers to introduce regions of flexibility in otherwise rigid

PCB substrates. This method employs geometric features to reduce local stiffness in the PCB, rather than reducing

the global stiffness by material selection. Analytical and fi- nite element models are presented to calculate the maximum

stresses caused by deflection. An example device is produced …

Normalized Coordinate Equations And Energy Method For Predicting Natural Curved-Fold Configurations, Jacob Badger, Todd G. Nelson, Rober J. Lang, Denise M. Halverson, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Of the many valid configurations that a curved fold may assume, it is of particular interest to identify natural—or lowest energy—configurations that physical models will preferentially assume. We present normalized coordinate equations—equations that relate fold surface properties

to their edge of regression—to simplify curved-fold rela- tionships. An energy method based on these normalized

coordinate equations is developed to identify natural con- figurations of general curved folds. While it has been noted

that natural configurations have nearly planar creases for curved folds, we show that non-planar behavior near the crease ends substantially reduces the energy of a fold.

Origami-Inspired Sacrificial Joints For Folding Compliant Mechanisms, Todd G. Nelson, Alex Avila, Larry L. Howell, Just L. Herder, Davood Farhadi Machekposhtic

Faculty Publications

Folding is a manufacturing method which can create complex 3D geometries from flat materi- als and can be particularly useful in cost-sensitive or planar-limited fabrication applications.

This paper introduces compliant mechanisms that employ folding techniques from origami to evolve from a flat material to deployed state. We present origami-inspired sacrificial joints, joints which have mobility during assembly of the mechanism but are rigid in their final position, to create regions of high and low stiffness and the proper alignment of compliant flexures in folded mechanisms. To demonstrate the method we fold steel sheet to create some well-known and complex compliant …

Kinematic/Static Model Of Complex Compliant Mechanisms With Serial-Parallel Substructures: A General Approach, Mingxiang Ling, Junyi Cao, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Kinematic and static analyses of compliant mechanisms are crucial at the early stage of design, and it can be difficult and laborsome for complex configurations with distributed compliance. In this paper, a general and concise kinematic/static modeling method of flexure-hinge-based compliant mechanisms with arbitrary serial-parallel substructures is presented to provide accurate and efficient solutions by combining the matrix displacement method with the transfer matrix method. The transition between the elemental stiffness matrix and the transfer matrix of the flexure hinge and the flexible beam is straightforward, enabling the condensation of a hybrid serial-parallel substructure into one equivalent element simple. Then, …

Origami-Based Design Of Conceal-And-Reveal Systems, Bryce P. Defigueiredo, Kyler A. Tolman, Spencer P. Magleby, Nathan A. Pehrson, Erica Crampton, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

This work introduces a type of motion termed “conceal-and-reveal” which is characterized by a state that protects a payload, a state that exposes the payload, and coupled motions between these two states. As techniques for thick, rigid origami-based engineering designs are being developed, origami is becoming increasingly more

attractive as inspiration for complex systems. This paper proposes a process for designing origami-based conceal- and-reveal systems, which can be generalized to design similar thick, rigid origami-based systems. The process

is demonstrated through the development of three conceal-and-reveal systems that present a luxury product to the consumer. The three designs also confirm …

Accomplishments And Challenges Of The Research On Antillean Manatee: A Bibliometric Analysis, Delma Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, Leslie Cabrias, Natalia Garcés-Cuartas, Gloria Katerin Arévalo-González, João Carlos Gomes Borges, Miriam Marmontel

Faculty Publications

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is an endangered subspecies of the West Indian manatee inhabiting countries of South America, Meso America and the Caribbean. Basic and applied research is necessary to inform management plans for the effective recovery of this subspecies. The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature regarding Antillean manatees, without restriction of the research topic. Article selection and screening process are described. Our final database consisted of 456 publications, of which peer-reviewed literature (articles, reviews, and notes in research journals) represent the most important type (63.4%), followed by BSc, MSc, and PhD theses (28.1%). …

Seeing In The Dark: A Review Of The Use Of Side-Scan Sonar To Detect And Study Manatees, With An Emphasis On Latin America, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, León David Olivera-Gómez

Faculty Publications

Manatees are aquatic mammals that live in a variety of environments. Many of those shallow water environments have murky water, making detection using traditional visual surveys very challenging. Side-scan sonar was first proposed as a tool to detect and study manatees in these complicated habitats in 2005. Here, we summarize the use of this tool from 2005 to 2022 by searching the available literature. Our literature search revealed that this tool is being widely used in more than 20 locations and over 15 countries. All three manatee species are being studied with side-scan sonar. It is most useful in murky …

Publisher Correction: A Very Luminous Jet From The Disruption Of A Star By A Massive Black Hole (Nature, (2022), 612, 7940, (430-434), 10.1038/S41586-022-05465-8), Igor Andreoni, Michael W. Coughlin, Daniel A. Perley, Yuhan Yao, Wenbin Lu, S. Bradley Cenko, Harsh Kumar, Shreya Anand, Anna Y.Q. Ho, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Antonio De Ugarte Postigo, Ana Sagués-Carracedo, Steve Schulze, D. Alexander Kann, S. R. Kulkarni, Jesper Sollerman, Nial Tanvir, Armin Rest, Luca Izzo, Jean J. Somalwar, David L. Kaplan, Tomás Ahumada, G. C. Anupama, Katie Auchettl, Sudhanshu Barway, Eric C. Bellm, Varun Bhalerao, Joshua S. Bloom, Michael Bremer, Mattia Bulla, Eric Burns, Sergio Campana, Poonam Chandra

Faculty Publications

In the version of this article initially published, there was in an error in the third-to-last sentence of the abstract, now reading, in part, “we calculate a rate of 0.02–0.01 +0.04 Gpc–3 yr–1”, where Gpc was spelled out as gigapascals, not gigaparsecs. Also, the scale label (2″) was missing in the lower-left corner of Fig. 1b. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Magnetic Tilt Effect On Externally Driven Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (Emic) Waves, Eun-Hwa Kim, Jay R. Johnson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Integrated Ion-Exchange Membrane Resin Wafer Assemblies For Aromatic Organic Acid Separations Using Electrodeionization, Matthew L. Jordan, Grzegorz Kokoszka, Hishara Keshani Gallage Dona, Dodangodage Ishara Senadheera, Revati Kumar, Yupo J. Lin, Christopher G. Arges

Faculty Publications

Aromatic acids, such as p-coumaric acid, are valuable chemical intermediates that are used in the specialty chemical industries because they are precursors to phenylpropanoid compounds. The separation of p-coumaric acid from fermentation broths is a critical step in the biochemical production process and more broadly the circular carbon economy. Electrodeionization (EDI) has been applied toward separations of low-carbon chain acids, but purifying p-coumaric acid has been challenging due to fouling and irreversible binding with ion-exchange membranes and resins. Here, we report a new membrane wafer assembly (MWA) consisting of laminated ion exchange membranes to porous ionomer-binder resin wafers for EDI. …

Editorial: Abiotic Stress: Molecular Genetics And Genomics, Volume Ii, Rohini Garg, Prasanta K. Subudhi, Rajeev K. Varshney, Mukesh Jain

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Performance Of Rubberized Concrete And The Effect Of Temperature And Stainless Steel Fibers, Ayman El-Zohairy, Matthew Sanchez, Bahram Abediniangerabi, Perry Moler

Faculty Publications

Rubberized concrete is widely used in construction by utilizing the advantages of partially replacing fine or coarse aggregate with rubber to enhance several properties of concrete and provide an environmentally friendly solution. This paper experimentally explores the influence of utilizing crumb rubber (CR) as an alternate coarse aggregate in concrete. Concrete specimens were prepared with different percentages of rubber (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Additionally, other parameters, such as freezing–thawing cycles, temperature, and stainless steel fibers (SSFs), were investigated. The workability of fresh concrete and the compression properties of hardened concrete were examined. Reductions in the mechanical properties of …

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Activity Of A Plant-Made Vaccine Against West Nile Virus, Haiyan Sun, Dhiraj Acharya, Amber M. Paul, Huafang Lai, Junyun He, Fengwei Bai, Qiang Chen

Faculty Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) causes annual outbreaks globally and is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in Unite States. In the absence of licensed therapeutics, there is an urgent need to develop effective and safe human vaccines against WNV. One of the major safety concerns for WNV vaccine development is the risk of increasing infection by related flaviviruses in vaccinated subjects via antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). Herein, we report the development of a plant-based vaccine candidate that provides protective immunity against a lethal WNV challenge mice, while minimizes the risk of ADE for infection by Zika (ZIKV) and dengue …

Ion Transport On Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Electrolytes With Different Side Chain Chemistries, Mario V. Ramos-Garcés, Dodangodage Ishara Senadheera, Karthik Arunagiri, Polyxeni P. Angelopoulou, Georgios Sakellariou, Ke Li, Bryan D. Vogt, Revati Kumar, Christopher G. Arges

Faculty Publications

Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are used in electrochemical systems for a wide variety of applications, including water purification, mineral recovery, and energy storage and conversion. These materials often dictate the ohmic overpotential drop in electrochemical systems and can have a profound impact on process efficiency. Central to the rationale design of ion-conducting polymers is a fundamental understanding as to how chemical composition and macromolecular architecture influence ion and water transport. Herein, we report the preparation of three microphase separated block copolymer electrolytes (BCEs) with long-range order that have different side chain chemistries in the ionic domain. The side chain variants are …

Externalities,Scarcity And Abundance, Brett M. Frischmann, Giovanni B. Ramello

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Do externalities work and matter differently in a world of scarcity vs. a world of abundance? In this article, we critically examine the economic phenomena of externalities. The concept of externality, an important idea in economics and law, is useful in exploring the complex and dynamic relationships between resource supply and human flourishing within various sociotechnical systems.

Methods: First, we define the basic concept and explain why it is fundamental to economic analysis of complex social environments Second, we briefly survey the intellectual history of externalities with the goal of tying together a few different strands of economic theory …

Sexual Dimorphism In Corallite Size And Modularity Of A Broadcast Spawning Coral, Porites Lobata, Ricardo M. Pedraza-Pohlenz, Eduardo F. Balart, J. J.Adolfo Tortolero-Langarica, Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso, Michael E. Hellberg, Orión Norzagaray-López, Rafael A. Cabral-Tena, Amílcar Leví Cupul-Magaña, David A. Paz-García

Faculty Publications

Differences in selective pressures and the energetic cost of gametes in gonochoristic corals should vary with the sex of the colony, which may lead to sexual dimorphism. Coral colonies are composed of subunits (corallites) that create a complex morphological architecture. If corallite features are distinct between sexes, then the degree of coordinated change among these subunits may also vary (phenotypic modularity). This study tested for sexual dimorphism in the corallites of the reef-building coral Porites lobata, a gonochoric broadcast spawner, and compared this with previously demonstrated sexual dimorphism in its congener P. panamensis, a gonochoric brooder. Corallite area in P. …

Changing Features Of The Northern Hemisphere 500-Hpa Circumpolar Vortex, Nazla Bushra, Robert V. Rohli, Chunyan Li, Paul W. Miller, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz

Faculty Publications

The tropospheric circumpolar vortex (CPV), an important signature of processes steering the general atmospheric circulation, surrounds each pole and is linked to the surface weather conditions. The CPV can be characterized by its area and circularity ratio (Rc), which both vary temporally. This research advances previous work identifying the daily 500-hPa Northern Hemispheric CPV (NHCPV) area, Rc, and temporal trends in its centroid by examining linear trends and periodic cycles in NHCPV area and Rc (1979–2017). Results suggest that NHCPV area has increased linearly over time. However, a more representative signal of the planetary warming may be the temporally weakening …

Flood Risk Assessment For Residences At The Neighborhood Scale By Owner/Occupant Type And First-Floor Height, Ayat Al Assi, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz, Carol J. Friedland, Md Adilur Rahim, Robert V. Rohli

Faculty Publications

Evaluating flood risk is an essential component of understanding and increasing community resilience. A robust approach for quantifying flood risk in terms of average annual loss (AAL) in dollars across multiple homes is needed to provide valuable information for stakeholder decision-making. This research develops a computational framework to evaluate AAL at the neighborhood level by owner/occupant type (i.e., homeowner, landlord, and tenant) for increasing first-floor height (FFH). The AAL values were calculated here by numerically integrating loss-exceedance probability distributions to represent economic annual flood risk to the building, contents, and use. A simple case study for a census block in …

How Good Is A Tactical-Grade Gnss + Ins (Mems And Fog) In A 20-M Bathymetric Survey?, Johnson O. Oguntuase, Anand Hiroji, Peter Komolafe

Faculty Publications

This paper examines how tactical-grade Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), aided by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) modules, vary from a survey-grade system in the bath-ymetric mapping in depths less than 20 m. The motivation stems from the advancements in sensor developments, measurement processing algorithms, and the proliferation of autonomous and uncrewed surface vehicles often seeking to use tactical-grade systems for high-quality bathymetric products. While the performance of survey-grade GNSS + INS is well-known to the hydrographic and marine science community, the performance and limitations of the tactical-grade micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and tactical-grade fiber-optic-gyro (FOG) INS aided with GNSS require some …

Chronic And Postprandial Metabolic Responses To A Ketogenic Diet Compared To High-Carbohydrate And Habitual Diets In Trained Competitive Cyclists And Triathletes: A Randomized Crossover Trial, Austin J. Graybeal, Andreas Kreutzer, Kamiah Moss, Petra Rack, Garrett Augsburger, Robyn Braun-Trocchio, Jada L. Willis, Meena Shah

Faculty Publications

Extreme carbohydrate deficits during a ketogenic diet (KD) may result in metabolic adaptations reflective of low energy availability; however, the manifestation of these adaptations outside of exercise have yet to be elucidated in cyclists and triathletes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the chronic and postprandial metabolic responses to a KD compared to a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and habitual diet (HD) in trained competitive cyclists and triathletes. For this randomized crossover trial, six trained competitive cyclist and triathletes (F: 4, M: 2) followed an ad libitum KD and HCD for 14 d each after their HD. Fasting energy …

Expanding Swirl Combustor Operability On Methane-Ammonia-Air Mixtures Using A Distributed Fuel Injection Technique And Inlet Air Preheating, V. Viswamithra, M. Gurunadhan, S. Menon

Faculty Publications

The necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has prompted the search for carbon-free fuel alternatives. One such carbon-free fuel source that can be used for power generation in a gas turbine-based system is ammonia. Ammonia combustion poses challenges due to reduced flame speed and reactivity, which can be alleviated by addition of methane or natural gas. However, NOx emissions continue to be an issue, which needs resolution before practical consideration of ammonia as a fuel source. One of the potential solutions that has been proposed is a two-stage, rich-lean combustion process to minimize NOx while ensuring complete reactant consumption. This …

Deep Transfer Learning For Approximate Model Predictive Control, Samuel Arce Munoz, Junho Park, Cristina M. Stewart, Adam M. Martin, John Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that takes a pre-trained model that has already been trained on a related task, and adapts it for use on a new, related task. This is particularly useful in the context of model predictive control (MPC), where deep transfer learning is used to improve the training of the MPC by leveraging the knowledge gained from related controllers. One way in which transfer learning is applied in the context of MPC is by using a pre-trained deep learning model of the MPC, and then fine-tuning the controller training for a new process automation task. …

Engineering At-Home Dilution And Filtration Methods To Enable Paper-Based Colorimetric Biosensing In Human Blood With Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, Tyler J. Free, Ryan W. Tucker, Katelyn M. Simonson, Sydney A. Smith, Caleb M. Lindgren, William G. Pitt, Bradley C. Bundy

Faculty Publications

Diagnostic blood tests can guide the administration of healthcare to save and improve lives. Most clinical biosensing blood tests require a trained technician and specialized equipment to process samples and interpret results, which greatly limits test accessibility. Colorimetric paper-based diagnostics have an equipment-free readout, but raw blood obscures a colorimetric response which has motivated diverse efforts to develop blood sample processing techniques. This work uses inexpensive readily-available materials to engineer user-friendly dilution and filtration methods for blood sample collection and processing to enable a proof-of-concept colorimetric biosensor that is responsive to glutamine in 50 µL blood drop samples in less …

Skinks Of Oceania, New Guinea, And Eastern Wallacea: An Underexplored Biodiversity Hotspot, Alex Slavenko, Allen Allison, Christopher C. Austin, Aaron M. Bauer, Rafe M. Brown, Robert N. Fisher, Ivan Ineich, Bulisa Iova, Benjamin R. Karin, Fred Kraus, Sven Mecke, Shai Meiri, Clare Morrison, Paul M. Oliver, Mark O. Shea, Jonathan Q. Richmond, Glenn M. Shea, Oliver J.S. Tallowin, David G. Chapple

Faculty Publications

Context. Skinks comprise the dominant component of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna in Oceania, New Guinea, and Eastern Wallacea (ONGEW). However, knowledge of their diversity is incomplete, and their conservation needs are poorly understood. Aims. To explore the diversity and threat status of the skinks of ONGEW and identify knowledge gaps and conservation needs. Methods. We compiled a list of all skink species occurring in the region and their threat categories designated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We used available genetic sequences deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's GenBank to generate a phylogeny of the region’s …

Data Augmentation For Neutron Spectrum Unfolding With Neural Networks, James Mcgreivy, Juan J. Manfredi, Daniel Siefman

Faculty Publications

Neural networks require a large quantity of training spectra and detector responses in order to learn to solve the inverse problem of neutron spectrum unfolding. In addition, due to the under-determined nature of unfolding, non-physical spectra which would not be encountered in usage should not be included in the training set. While physically realistic training spectra are commonly determined experimentally or generated through Monte Carlo simulation, this can become prohibitively expensive when considering the quantity of spectra needed to effectively train an unfolding network. In this paper, we present three algorithms for the generation of large quantities of realistic and …

The Light Of The Revival: Stained-Glass Designs For Restituted Synagogues In Ukraine, Eugeny Kotylar, Magda Teter

Faculty Publications

The catalogue for the exhibition "The Light of the Revival: Stained-Glass Designs for Restituted Synagogues in Ukraine by Eugeny Kotlyar" held at Fordham University from September 10-December 10, 2023 offers a broad perspective on the revival of Ukrainian synagogues after Ukraine’s independence. It showcases three sets of stained-glass windows, which were designed by Eugeny Kotlyar and partially implemented in Ukrainian synagogues in the period from 1995 to 2005. Two early works shown here were the first samples of stained-glass designs for modern Ukrainian synagogues, which set a new trend. The first of them—the stained-glass windows for the Kharkiv Choral Synagogue …