Digital Commons Network^™

What Is School For? Dilemmas Of Secondary Education In Bush Alaska, Lawrence C. Hamilton

Faculty Publications

The remote towns and villages of bush Alaska confront dilemmas in the design of secondary education. Systems based on a single statewide boarding school, or alternatively on small schools in each individual community, have both been tried. Debates about these two approaches reflect a more basic question: What is the purpose of secondary education? Should it (A) prepare students to become functional members of their home communities, or (B) prepare them to compete for education and jobs elsewhere? This question has implications for all aspects of educational design, and indeed for the future of rural villages themselves.

A paper presented …

Influence Of Ash Deposit Chemistry And Structure On Physical And Transport Properties, Larry Lin Baxter 8507091

Faculty Publications

Boiler ash deposits generated during combustion of coal, biomass, black liquor, and energetic materials affect both the net plant efficiency and operating strategy of essentially all boilers. Such deposits decrease convective and radiative heat exchange with boiler heat transfer surfaces. In many cases, even a small amount of ash on a surface decreases local heat transfer rates by factors of three or more. Apart from their impact on heat transfer, ash deposits in boilers represent potential operational problems and boiler maintenance issues, including plugging, tube wastage (erosion and corrosion), and structural damage. This report relates the chemistry and microstructural properties …

Binary Multilevel Convolutional Codes With Unequal Error Protection Capabilities, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Hideki Imai

Faculty Publications

Binary multilevel convolutional codes (CCs) with unequal error protection (UEP) capabilities are studied. These codes belong to the class of generalized concatenated (GC) codes. Binary CCs are used as outer codes. Binary linear block codes of short length, and selected subcodes in their two-way subcode partition chain, are used as inner codes. Multistage decodings are presented that use Viterbi decoders operating on trellises with similar structure to that of the constituent binary CCs. Simulation results of example binary two-level CC's are also reported.

Tribute To Professor Richard B. Tyler, William B. Fisch

Faculty Publications

Tribute to Professor Richard B. Tyler

Development And Experimental Validation Of An Underwater Manipulator Hydrodynamic Model, Timothy W. Mclain, Stephen M. Rock

Faculty Publications

Hydrodynamic forces can be large and hence have a significant effect on the dynamic performance of underwater manipulation systems. this paper investigates these forces for a cylindrical single-link arm undergoing motions that are characteristics of a robotic manipulator. Based on flow visualization, theoretical analysis, and experimental measurements, a new model is developed that describes these forces. This model differs from previous models in that the drag and added-mass coefficients are state-dependent functions that depend on the distance traveled by the arm. A factor of four improvement in accuracy is demonstrated over standard constant-coefficient models.

Successive Galerkin Approximations To The Nonlinear Optimal Control Of An Underwater Robotic Vehicle, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

The application of a new nonlinear optimal control strategy to the station-keeping control of an underwater robotic vehicle is considered. The control approach described and demonstrated here is based upon the numerical approximation of solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. These solutions are computed by an iterative application of Galerkin's method. Preliminary simulation results demonstrating the application of this approach to the control of an underwater vehicle in the horizontal plane are presented.

Status Processes And Mental Ability Test Scores, Michael J. Lovaglia, Jeffrey W. Lucas, Jeffrey A. Houser, Shane R. Thye, Barry N. Markovsky

Faculty Publications

The expected consequences of a score on an ability test can constrain individual performance. The authors predict that status processes, including status differences and the differences in rewards and costs that result, will produce differences in ability test scores between high-status and low-status individuals. In three controlled experi- ments, participants randomly assigned low status scored lower on a standard test of mental ability (the Raven Progressive Matrices) than did participants assigned high status. For both men and women, the difference in ability test score between low-status and high-status participants was about half a standard deviation. The results suggest the need …

Where's Dolan? Exactions Law In 1998, Jonathan M. Davidson, Ronald H. Rosenberg, Michael C. Spata

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Generating Needed Modernization Funds: Streamlining The Bureaucracy--Not Outsourcing And Privatizing--Is The Best Solution, Jan P. Muczyk

Faculty Publications

The Department of Defense (DoD) budget, in real dollars, has decreased for a dozen years or so, and will likely continue to do so. Since all the funds necessary for warfighting asset modernization will not come from Congress, DoD must free up existing funds for reallocation to its modernization program. So far, much reliance has been placed on privatization and outsourcing as ways of releasing large sums of money. But it is highly unlikely that these instrumentalities are up to the task, and other sources must shoulder a large part of the load. Although eliminating duplication of mission and roles …

Preparing An Assessment Plan At San Jose State University, Michael Jennings, Thalia Anagnos

Faculty Publications

The College of Engineering at San Jose State University is scheduled for an accreditation visit in Fall 1999 and has decided to seek reaccreditation under the ABET 2000 criteria. An assessment implementation project has been active for the past two years within the College; with primary objectives of refining missions for programs, defining program outcome objectives, determining which components to assess, and developing appropriate metrics and methods. Longer term objectives of this project are to establish a continuous quality improvement philosophy in the College and to provide information for the ABET accreditation review.This paper is an evaluation of the status …

Structure And Elasticity Of Cao At High Pressure, Bijaya B. Karki, Jason Crain

Faculty Publications

We investigate the structural and elastic properties of CaO up to 140 GPa using the plane wave pseudopotential method within the local density approximation. Free energy comparison suggests that the transition from the low-pressure sodium chloride (B1) to the high-pressure cesium chloride (B2) structure in CaO occurs at 58 GPa, which falls within the experimental range of 53-70 GPa. The zero-pressure values and initial pressure dependences of the calculated athermal elastic moduli compare favorably with the experiments. We find that the elastic properties of the two phases vary differently with pressure. The degree of the anisotropy strongly increases with pressure …

Parallel Linear Congruential Generators With Prime Moduli, Michael Mascagni

Faculty Publications

Linear congruential generators (LCGs) remain the most popular method of pseudorandom number generation on digital computers. Ease of implementation has favored implementing LCGs with power-of-two moduli. However, prime modulus LCGs are superior in quality to power-of-two modulus LCGs, and the use of a Mersenne prime minimizes the computational cost of generation. When implemented for parallel computation, quality becomes an even more compelling issue. We use a full-period exponential sum as the measure of stream independence and present a method for producing provably independent streams of LCGs in parallel by utilizing an explicit parameterization of all of the primitive elements module …

Fuel Equalized Retargeting For Separated Spacecraft Interferometry, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Fred Y. Hadaegh

Faculty Publications

Motivated by NASA's proposed Deep Space 3 interferometer mission, the paper considers the problem of reorienting a constellation of spacecraft such that the total fuel distributed across the constellation is both conserved and expended uniformly. The spacecraft constellation is controlled to reorient as if it were a rigid body. Two approaches to fuel equalization are investigated. The first approach picks a point of rotation a priori that optimizes an objective function that trades off minimum-fuel maneuvers and maneuvers that equalize the fuel. Since the point of rotation is selected a priori and is fixed during the rotation, this approach is …

A Practical Algorithm For Designing H∞ Control Laws, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

We describe an approximation method for the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) equation that results in feedback control. The approximation is accomplished via a two-step successive Galerkin approximation scheme. An application of the technique to the control of the forward motion of an underwater vehicle is described.

Photochemical Production And Loss Rates Of Ozone At Sable Island, Nova Scotia During The North Atlantic Regional Experiment (Nare) 1993 Summer Intensive, Katharine A. Duderstadt, M. A. Carroll, S. Sillman, T. Wang, G. M. Albercook, L. Feng, D. D. Parrish, J. S. Holloway, F. C. Fehsenfeld, Donald R. Blake, N. J. Blake, G. Forbes

Faculty Publications

Three weeks of summertime surface‐based chemical and meteorological observations at Sable Island, Nova Scotia during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993 summer intensive are used to study instantaneous photochemical production and loss rates of ozone by means of a numerical photochemical model. Results are most sensitive to the averaging scheme of data used to constrain the model and the ambient variability of the measurements. Model simulations driven by a time series of 5 min averaged data, most representative of the chemistry at the site, yield an average net photochemical ozone production of 3.6 ppbv/d. Estimates of net ozone production …

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I- And Ii-Deficient Knock-Out Mice Are Resistant To Primary But Susceptible To Secondary Eimeria Papillata Infections, Marco L. Schito, Bill Chobotar, John R. Barta

Faculty Publications

Two distinct mechanisms seem to function in reducing oocyst output during Eimeria papillata infections in mice. For naive mice, immunity was afforded by a T-cell-independent gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) response mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. On reinfection, resistance was associated with T-cells and, to a lesser extent, perforin. To determine if antigen presentation with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules was required to control oocyst production by NK cells during primary infection or by T-cells during secondary infection, mutant mice that lacked H2-IAβb (Aβb(-/-)) or β2-microglobulin (β2m(-/-)) were used. Since MHC molecules are required for the maturation of αβ T-cells, Aβb(-/-) and …

Constructing High Order Perceptrons With Genetic Algorithms, Timothy L. Andersen, Tony R. Martinez

Faculty Publications

Constructive induction, which is defined to be the process of constructing new and useful features from existing ones, has been extensively studied in the literature. Since the number of possible high order features for any given learning problem is exponential in the number of input attributes (where the order of a feature is defined to be the number of attributes of which it is composed), the main problem faced by constructive induction is in selecting which features to use out of this exponentially large set of potential features. For any feature set chosen the desirable characteristics are minimality and generalization …

Optimal Control Using A Neural/Evolutionary Hybrid System, Tony R. Martinez, Dan A. Ventura

Faculty Publications

One of the biggest hurdles to developing neurocontrollers is the difficulty in establishing good training data for the neural network. We propose a hybrid approach to the development of neurocontrollers that employs both evolutionary computation (EC) and neural networks (NN). EC is used to discover appropriate control actions for specific plant states. The survivors of the evolutionary process are used to construct a training set for the NN. The NN leams the training set, is able to generalize to new plant states, and is then used for neurocontrol. Thus the EC/NN approach combines the broad, parallel search of EC with …

English Loanwords In Chicano Spanish: Characterization And Rationale, Robert N. Smead

Faculty Publications

One highly visible, often stigmatized feature of Chicano Spanish is lexical innovation due to intimate contact with English and the mainstream culture. As noted in table 1, these Anglicisms are the result of varying degrees of host language adaptation and integration and include at least three distinct types of innovations: the lexical switch, the loanword, and the calque.

Resources For Undergraduate User Interface Implementation Courses, Charles J. Welty Ms

Faculty Publications

It has been estimated that 48% of the code and 50% of the implementation time required in new applications are directly related to the user interface (Myers and Rosson, 1992). Our research shows that most undergraduate courses that consider graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have no implementation component. Most undergraduate programs (85%) that include GUI implementation are offered at the Doctoral II Carnegie classification or above. Appropriate Web and print references and other materials given in this paper will help faculty at smaller institutions offer such courses.

Biblical Narratives And Christian Decision, Miroslav Kis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Failing Faith In Litigation? A Survey Of Business Lawyers' And Executives' Opinions, John M. Lande

Faculty Publications

To provide a more systematic assessment of contemporary faith in litigation, this article looks at a particular context-- business litigation--and analyzes the opinions of three groups of respondents: lawyers in private law firms who do commercial litigation (“outside counsel”), lawyers employed in business firms who do some litigation (“inside counsel”), and nonlawyer executives in business firms (“executives”). These groups have the greatest exposure to litigation in the corporate setting; furthermore, because they play powerful roles in our political, economic, and social life as well as the legal system, their opinions influence public opinion more generally.

Political Culture In The Nineteenth Century South: Mississippi, 1830-1900, By Bradley G. Bond, Lacy K. Ford, Jr.

Faculty Publications

A review of Political Culture in the Nineteenth Century South: Mississippi, 1830-1900, by Bradley G. Bond

Event Shape Analysis Of Deep Inelastic Scattering Events With A Large Rapidity Gap At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

A global event shape analysis of the multihadronic final states observed in neutral current deep inelastic scattering events with a large rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction is presented. The analysis is performed in the range 5 ≤ Q2 ≤ 185 GeV2 and 160 ≤ W ≤ 250 GeV, where Q2 is the virtuality of the photon and W is the virtual-photon proton centre of mass energy. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of the shape variables, measured in the γ * -pomeron rest frame, on the mass of the hadronic final state, MX. With increasing MX …

Spatial Resolution Enhancement Of Ssm/I Data, David G. Long, Douglas L. Daum

Faculty Publications

One of the limitations in using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data for land and vegetation studies is the relatively low-spatial resolution. To ameliorate this limitation, resolution-enhancement algorithms can be applied to the data. In this paper, the Backus-Gilbert inversion (BGI) technique and the scatterometer image-reconstruction (SIR) algorithm are investigated as possible methods for creating enhanced resolution images from SSM/I data. The two algorithms are compared via both the simulation and the actual SSM/I data. The algorithms offer similar resolution enhancement, though SIR requires significantly less computation. Sample results over two land regions of South America are presented.

Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, Alan D. Manning

Faculty Publications

INSIGHTS about professional communication may come from odd and unexpected places. McCloud's Understanding Comics (hereafter UC) is a case in point. Despite the juvenile connotations evoked by any discussion of comic books, the theory of visual communication presented in UC arguably rivals the best of contemporary semiotics (that is, the study of how we make meaning out of gestures, words, paragraphs, pictures, and so on).

Determination Of The Asymmetry Parameter And Scattering Coefficient Of Turbid Media From Spatially Resolved Reflectance Measurments, Matthew R. Jones, Yukio Yamada

Faculty Publications

We present a technique for determining the asymmetry parameter and scattering coefficient of turbid media from spatially resolved reflectance measurements. This technique will contribute to the development of medical applications in which it is necessary to predict the distribution and propagation of light in tissue. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we derived correlations which relate the reduced scattering coefficient and the asymmetry parameter to the relative reflectance curve. Initial estimates of the optical properties are obtained from these correlations. Final values are obtained by adjusting the optical parameters and repeating the Monte Carlo simulations until the simulated reflectance pattern matches …

Cryptococcus Neoformans Chemotyping By Quantitative Analysis Of H-1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra Of Glucuronoxylomannans With A Computer-Simulated Artificial Neural Network, Robert Cherniak, Homayoun Valafar, Laura C. Morris, Faramarz Valafar

Faculty Publications

The complete assignment of the proton chemical shifts obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of de-O-acetylated glucuronoxylomannans (GXMs) from Cryptococcus neoformanspermitted the high-resolution determination of the total structure of any GXM. Six structural motifs based on an α-(1→3)-mannotriose substituted with variable quantities of 2-O-β- and 4-O-β-xylopyranosyl and 2-O-β-glucopyranosyluronic acid were identified. The chemical shifts of only the anomeric protons of the mannosyl residues served as structure reporter groups (SRG) for the identification and quantitation of the six triads present in any GXM. The assigned protons for the mannosyl residues resonated at clearly …

Density Functional Study Of Spin State In Cpm(No)X2 (M = Mo, Cr; X = Cl, Nh2, Ch3): Spectrochemical And Nephelauxetic Effects In Organometallic Compounds, Peter Legzdins, W. Stephen Mcneil, Kevin M. Smith, Rinaldo Poli

Faculty Publications

The relationship between spin state and metal-ligand bonding interactions in CpM(NO)-X2 species was investigated using density functional computational techniques. The geometries of CpM(NO)Cl2 (M = Cr, Mo), CpCr(NO)(NH2)X, and CpCr(NO)(CH3)X (X = Cl, CH3) were optimized at the DFT-B3LYP level for both the diamagnetic (S = 0) and paramagnetic (S = 1) electronic configurations. While the geometric parameters of the singlet compounds matched well with structures determined experimentally, the Cr-NO bond lengths in the triplet species exceeded the experimentally observed range by a significant margin, thereby indicating a propensity for nitrosyl-ligand dissociation from the high-spin complexes. The order of relative …

Computer Simulations Of Branched Alkanes: The Effect Of Side Chain And Its Position On Rheological Behavior, Richard L. Rowley, Tapani A. Pakkanen, Maija Lahtela, Mikko Linnolahti

Faculty Publications

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on model fluids representing eicosane isomers in order to investigate the effect of branching and side chain position on fluid rheology. A heterogeneous, united-atom model with 20 Lennard-Jones interaction sites located at carbon centers was used to model the fluids. Vibrations and bond rotations were frozen, but torsional rotation was included. It was found that viscosity increases significantly from the n-alkane structure to a branch on carbon 2, but the movement of the branch along the carbon backbone has a smaller increasing than decreasing effect. The size of the group in a branched …