Digital Commons Network^™

Software Engineering: Ai-Enhanced Full Stack Development, Huixin Wu, Haiying Xiao

Open Educational Resources

This course provides instruction in full‑stack web application development using modern JavaScript technologies. Students design, implement, and deploy web‑based solutions while applying AI‑assisted development tools in an ethical and effective manner. The curriculum emphasizes problem‑solving, system design, teamwork, and industry‑standard best practices, with dedicated focus on cloud‑native development—including containerization, distributed services, and modern deployment pipelines—as well as API‑first architecture, enabling students to build scalable, maintainable, and interoperable applications aligned with current industry expectations.

Exclusion And Enterprise - Entrepreneurship, Poverty And Breaking Down Barriers, Sarah Preedy

Plymouth Business School

No abstract provided.

Designing Captcha Systems With Reinforcement Learning For Adaptive Defense, Meghana Indukuri, Eman Naseerkhan, Joshua Rose, Martin Tran, Younghee Park

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) systems remain a widely deployed defense against automated abuse, but advances in machine learning have reduced the effectiveness of traditional challenge-based designs and exposed limitations in proprietary risk-scoring systems. This paper presents an adaptive, reinforcement learning-based CAPTCHA defense framework for high-security web applications. The proposed system formulates bot detection as a partially observable Markov decision process and uses a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) agent with Long Short-Term Memory to analyze streamed behavioral telemetry, including mouse movements, clicks, keystrokes, and scrolling, over sequential interaction windows. During the observation phase, …

Hydrodynamic Analysis And Cfd Modeling Of Pawec Interacted With Regularwaves Using Cfx, Ahmed Elbaz

Mechanical Engineering

The multiplicity of renewable energy sources represents the biggest challenge for environmental scientists and engineers. This research presents a mathematical model and a numerical study using the high-performance ANSYS-CFX software to analyze the dynamic behavior of the point absorberwave energy converter (PAWEC). Two different models were constructed to predict the hydrodynamic response of the wave energy converter in both free and forced oscillations under the action of incident regular waves and external mechanical damping. The differential equations are solved analytically using RKFOM. CFX multiphase model is constructed to solve the 3D Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes Equation (URANS) using the two-way …

Ho Chi Minh’S Thoughts On Gender Equality In The Political Sphere In Vietnam And Strategic Implications For Indonesia, Tri Minh Nguyen

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This paper provides an exhaustive examination of the theoretical foundations of Ho Chi Minh’s thought regarding gender equality and its institutionalization within the political fabric of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Focusing on the contemporary period (2021–2026), the analysis evaluates the efficacy of the Vietnamese model of State Feminism in achieving descriptive and substantive representation for women in legislative and executive bodies. Furthermore, the paper conducts a comparative analysis with the Republic of Indonesia, particularly following its 2024 general elections, to identify structural, cultural, and legal divergences. By synthesizing data from government reports, international indices, and academic literature, this study …

Simplification Of Technical Language In Tagesschau News For B1-Level German Vocabulary Learning, Syaula Qonit Helga, Dewi Kartika Ardiyani

Journal of Innovation and Teacher Professionalism

This study aims to identify and categorize the types of Fachsprache (specialized language) found in simplified Tagesschau news and to explore their potential use for B1-level German vocabulary learning. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis. Data were collected from news videos available on the Tagesschau YouTube channel and analyzed according to three categories: (1) CEFR level, (2) subject area, and (3) usage context. The data were processed through data reduction techniques to simplify Fachsprache terms at higher CEFR levels, followed by data display and interpretation to examine the identification results, and finally, conclusion drawing. The findings …

Developing A Framework For Mooc Dropout: The Role Of Utilitarian And Hedonic Values In Student Retention, Bipllab Roy, Mave D'Souza, Madhura Laghane

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have expanded access to higher education but continue to face persistently high dropout rates, raising concerns about their long‑term effectiveness and sustainability. This study develops and empirically tests a structural framework that links utilitarian values (perceived usefulness, certificate value, time flexibility), hedonic values (enjoyment, variety and novelty, personal interest alignment), and individual characteristics (goal orientation, self‑efficacy, motivation type) to MOOC student retention. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 200 MOOC learners from Christ University, Lavasa Campus, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS. The results show that goal orientation, self‑efficacy …

Utilizing Research Narratives To Advance Systems Thinking In Doctoral Education, Ryan Charles Weber, Kathleen Teresa Scott

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This study examines how narrative storytelling functions as a pedagogical mechanism for advancing systems thinking in doctoral education. Drawing on a qualitative narrative synthesis of publicly available scholarly literature, the analysis explores how narrative practices support sensemaking, complexity integration, and collaborative learning among doctoral students. Grounded in Senge’s (2006) learning organization framework, the study investigates how storytelling contributes to the development of mental models, shared vision, personal mastery, and team learning in advanced academic contexts. Findings indicate that narrative engagement enhances cognitive integration, deepens understanding of systemic interdependence, and strengthens collaborative discourse among emerging scholars. The study extends leadership and …

Natural Resources Conflict In The Nile River Basin: Natural Resource Nationalism, Environmental Governance, And Transboundary Security., Reagan Ronald Okumu

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

This article used a qualitative literature-based transformation methodology to examine governance and leadership in the shared use of the transboundary water of the River Nile Basin. This is important because the basin is conflict-ridden yet yearns for development, driven by natural resource discoveries and the utilization of the River Nile. Appropriate governance and leadership, along with cooperation, are required for development to be achieved. The article examines the increased competition over the exploitation of natural resources, driven by development objectives, pressured by population growth, and fueled by the need for hydroelectric generation, oil and gas extraction, and mining by international …

When The Therapist Is An Algorithm: Understanding Autism Spectrum Students’ Acceptance Of Generative Ai As A Mental Well-Being Tool Through The Technological Acceptance Model, Jossy P. George, Peter Muttungal, Benny Jeyekumar Davidson, Nishi Priya

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

This study examines the psychological and technological factors of the acceptance and emotional well-being of 349 college students with autism who use generative artificial intelligence tools as sources of psychological and emotional support. Grounded on the model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research studies relationships among perceived empathy, perceived usefulness, ease of use, emotional trust, continuance intention, and overall well-being. Structural equation modelling found that the perceived empathy was a significant predictor of ease of use and usefulness, while emotional trust and continuance intention proved to be significant predictors of emotional well-being. To reinforce these results, predictive modelling performed …

The Brabant Revolution And The American Revolution: Striking Resemblances, John Norman Patterson

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

The American Revolution was the second major Western democratic republican revolution to precede the French Revolution. It was followed by the Brabant Revolution a decade later. The resemblances between the American Revolution of 1765-1783 and the Brabant Revolution of 1789-1790 in the southern Netherlands are evident. Even though the Brabant Revolution was short-lived in comparison to the American Revolution, both populaces sought to establish national independence from a European power. In the case of the American Revolution, the thirteen colonies sought to free themselves from the tyranny of Great Britain. During the Brabant Revolution, nine provinces in the Austrian Netherlands …

Impact Of Package Dimension Changes On The Consumer’S Perception Of Ready-To-Eat Meal Serving Size, Greg Roskos, Koushik Saha

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Consumers increasingly scrutinize changes in food packaging, particularly in the context of “shrinkflation,” yet little empirical work has examined whether small dimensional changes in primary packaging affect perceived value when product weight is held constant. This study investigates the impact of minor tray dimension changes on consumers’ perception of serving size and product quality for ready-to-eat (RTE) frozen meals. Three single-compartment tray formats were evaluated: a control tray, a larger-volume tray (~18% increase), and a hybrid tray with an intermediate volume (~8% increase). All trays contained identical net product weight. Thirty-six untrained panelists from a local community participated in a …

Chopped And Screwed: How The Soundexchange V. Sirius Xm Decision Remixes Section 114 Of The Copyright Act, Cat Wood

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

In SoundExchange, Inc. v. Sirius XM Radio Inc. (S.D.N.Y. 2025), the court held that SoundExchange—the congressionally designated nonprofit that collects and distributes statutory digital performance royalties under 17 U.S.C. § 114—lacks authority to bring suit to recover alleged underpayments. That ruling creates an enforcement paradox at the center of the section 114 statutory-license ecosystem: SoundExchange is the entity built to receive royalty reports, audit compliance, and distribute payments at scale, yet it cannot directly compel payment through litigation when the system fails. This Note argues that the decision misreads statutory structure by treating SoundExchange as a mere administrative clearinghouse rather …

Truth That Lies: How Literal Falsity Lost The Consumer And How To Restore It, Porter Alexander Tynes, Iii

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

The more deceptive the claim, the safer it becomes. Recent false advertising decisions hold that a categorical marketing promise is not literally false so long as it works for someone—even if it fails for ordinary consumers in ordinary use. Under this logic, technical accuracy immunizes practical deception, and truth is measured by theoretical possibility rather than communicative meaning.

This Note argues that this “truth for some” doctrine represents a sharp break from the Lanham Act’s consumer-protection purpose. Decisions such as BPI Sports v. ThermoLife invert the doctrine of literal falsity, transforming it from the Act’s strongest safeguard into a liability …

Skin In The Game: The Case For Statutorily Excluding Tattoos From Copyright Protection, Emily Gamble

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

The growth of social media, AI-generated imagery, and name, image, and likeness (NIL) licensing has exponentially increased the reproduction of tattoos, yet their status under the Copyright Act remains unsettled. While tattoos arguably satisfy the threshold requirements of Title 17, their fixation on human skin challenges the definition of a "material object" and raises unique conflicts regarding bodily autonomy and publicity rights. Currently, courts address these disputes largely through equitable doctrines like implied license and fair use to avoid public policy failures, resulting in an unpredictable and incoherent legal framework.

This Note argues that judicial improvisation is insufficient to resolve …

Patents And Technology Evolution: Altering Innovations And Innovators Via Patent Influences, Richard Gruner

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

Technologies improve primarily through evolutionary change not rational optimization. New technologies emerge as attempts to solve practical problems, the technologies are tested in marketplaces to determine if they are superior in cost and function to alternatives, and those that fare well in the testing gain widespread adoption.  Widely adopted technologies, and their problems, form the basis for the next round of technology improvements and evolution.  Through these steps, evolutionary processes lacking rational direction can generate changing technologies matched to the desires and problems of present society.

As they operate to advance diverse technologies, evolutionary processes governing technology change are subject …

Research To Praxis: Transdisciplinary Skill Development In Graduate Education, Demikia Taylor, Tiffany Drape, Amy Pruden, Todd Schenk, Leigh-Anne Krometis

Journal of Graduate Education Research

This study examines how graduate students' perceptions of transdisciplinary team science evolve as they progress through a graduate training program at a university. Students participated in a series of workshops that built on and reinforced various aspects of training in transdisciplinary team science, including Team Science, Science Communication, Stakeholder Engagement, and International Case Studies in Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring. Students also took accompanying coursework towards a certificate and worked together in collaborative teams in advancing an array of transdisciplinary research projects focused on various dimensions of antibiotic resistance. A qualitative case study approach was taken, systematically examining participants’ reflections following each …

Modulized Binocular Display System, Che-Wei Liu, Yi Qin, Claire Guo, Thomas Hoekman

Defensive Publications Series

An adjustment mechanism is provided to connect a left lens and a right lens of smart glasses such as glasses that can include a head-mounted display (HMD), a heads-up display (HUD), or an augmented reality (AR) overlay. The adjustment mechanism allows modification of the relative orientation of the left lens and the right lens to support stereoscopic imagery. Orientation of the left lens or the right lens is adjusted using a gearbox system that allows modification of a corresponding display angle (or incoming angle) of light representing a stereoscopic image that is overlaid with the passthrough images of the real …

Phase‑Aligned Predictive Audio Modulation Utilizing Biomechanical Telemetry And Asymmetric Compute, Nikita Agarwal

Defensive Publications Series

Current physiological audio‑feedback systems may rely on reactive media adjustments (e.g., track skipping, uniform time‑stretching), which can disrupt user immersion or introduce acoustic phase distortion. This publication describes a predictive audio modulation system that dynamically isolates and modulates individual instrumentation layers within an active audio track. The system utilizes a machine learning model to anticipate pacing deviations based on cardiovascular exertion and topographical data. To improve synchronization, the system phase‑locks audio transients to biomechanical footstrikes using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Further, the system employs an asymmetric computing architecture to dynamically balance computational loads between a primary wearable device and …

Ambient Cognitive‑Clearance System (Accs V4.0): A Zero‑Wearable, Non‑Contact, Sleep‑Synchronized Glymphatic Modulation Platform For Dementia Prevention And Cognitive Health, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Ambient Cognitive‑Clearance System (ACCS v4.0) is a non‑contact, zero‑wearable, room‑scale device designed to support cognitive health by enhancing sleep quality, autonomic stability, and glymphatic clearance — the brain’s natural waste‑removal system.

Unlike wearable neuromodulation, ultrasound helmets, or extracorporeal systems, ACCS v4.0 requires no physical contact, no user compliance, and no medical infrastructure.

The system uses contactless sensing (radar, thermal, acoustic) to detect sleep stages and respiration, and delivers low‑intensity, air‑coupled acoustic/ultrasonic pulses, 40 Hz diffuse light, sub‑audible gamma acoustics, and micro‑airflow cues — all synchronized to the user’s natural physiology.

This document provides full engineering specifications, regulatory considerations, consumer …

Cognitive Fabric Os (Cfos), Johny Manuel-Devadoss, Jayden Jack Johnson

Defensive Publications Series

Modern infrastructure orchestration is approaching a fundamental architectural limit. Most existing systems—whether container orchestrators, HPC schedulers, cloud control planes, or GPU resource managers—still operate using largely reactive models. They rely on predefined resource declarations, queue-driven scheduling, and short-term optimization logic to manage increasingly complex environments.

That model worked well when infrastructure was relatively predictable. It does not hold up in the era of hyperscale AI training, sovereign compute requirements, globally distributed inference systems, autonomous scientific computing, and energy-constrained data centers. Infrastructure today is no longer static. It is dynamic, geographically fragmented, thermally sensitive, economically constrained, and continuously changing in real …

Adaptive Communication Interface With Vocal Identity Persistence, Purvam Pujari

Defensive Publications Series

The User Experience Challenge: During real-time audio calls, severe background noise or strict social constraints often force the sender to abandon live speech. Currently, users must either endure broken, unintelligible audio or abruptly terminate synchronous calls—destroying conversational flow and stripping away the sender's personal vocal presence from the receiver.

The Technical Solution: This disclosure introduces an on-device AI voice bridge to preserve the sender's uninterrupted vocal presence. The system continuously monitors the call's audio quality at the sender's terminal using multidimensional acoustic measurements. The interface executes a graceful handover to a synthesized stream when environmental noise …

The Cross-Session Learning In Automated Bug Repair Via A Reflective Knowledge Feedback Loop, Huang Xia, Ting Liu, Yulong Zhang, Zhixian Yan, Ke Huang, Paul Zhou, Jialin Yu

Defensive Publications Series

Automated bug repair agents may operate in isolated sessions and can lack a memory of past engagements, which may lead to repeating failed strategies and inefficient workflows. A self-improving framework can use a reflective knowledge feedback loop to address potential inefficiencies. Following a bug-fixing attempt, for example, a reflection phase can analyze the session to extract structured, reusable knowledge, such as dead ends, learnings, and fix patterns. This knowledge may then be categorized and stored in a persistent, indexed repository for retrieval during subsequent tasks. This process can facilitate learning from experience across sessions, which may reduce the repetition of …

Dual-Axis Scoring For Automated Synthesis Of Operational Architectures, Hariprasad Rengarajan, Rahul Jindal

Defensive Publications Series

Some workflow automation systems may evaluate tasks based on a single dimension of logical feasibility, which may not account for human-centric factors and can potentially lead to suboptimal automation strategies. A system may utilize a dual-axis scoring engine to analyze discrete operational tasks along both a cognitive complexity axis and a relational sensitivity axis. Based on a resulting two-dimensional score, each task can be mapped to an execution authority protocol that suggests an appropriate level of automation. An algorithmic synthesis module may then restructure the operational process by applying a library of execution patterns, such as parallelizing independent tasks. This …

Network Agent Policy Language (Napl), Sebastian Jeuk, Katrin Simon, Jan Haasch

Defensive Publications Series

Proposed herein is a Network Agent Policy Language (NAPL) that provides a declarative policy language and a nine-component enforcement architecture for governing the actions of autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) agents operating on network infrastructure. As AI agents gain the ability to invoke network management Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), configuration tools, and telemetry interfaces in real time, existing policy frameworks designed for human operators or stateless access control cannot express or enforce the governance rules that network operations require. NAPL addresses this issue by introducing network-domain semantics directly into policy authoring, enabling operators to write governance rules using primitives such as …

Using Data To Discern Whether Nepa Causes Delay, And What Can Be Done About It, John C. Ruple, David E. Adelman, Jamie Pleune

Public Land & Resources Law Review

This article proceeds in three principal parts. Part I provides an overview of NEPA that is focused on the requirements contained in the Act itself, the Supreme Court’s recent opinion in Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County, Colorado, and developments involving agency NEPA regulations. Part II summarizes what we know about factors causing or contributing to delays in permitting in general and NEPA compliance in particular. The central question examined in Part II is the extent to which changes to NEPA respond to barriers to development and are therefore likely to be effective. Part III offers recommendations and is …

Volume Cxlv, Number 24, May 29, 2026, Lawrence University

The Lawrentian

No abstract provided.

Toxitarget: A Multi-Omics Database For Toxicant-Responsive Molecular Targets, Ravindra Kumar, Tianyi Fu, Prashant Kumar Kuntala, Benpeng Miao, Shuhua Fu, Daofeng Li, Frederick L Tyson, Marisa S Bartolomei, Cheryl L Walker, Ting Wang, Bo A Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Environmental toxicant exposures can induce widespread alterations in both the transcriptome and epigenome of mammals, and directly contribute to the increased risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders. To evaluate how early-life toxicants produce long-term impacts on the transcriptome and epigenome in mice, the Toxicant Exposures and Responses by Genomic and Epigenomic Regulators of Transcription II (TaRGET II) Consortium generated a landmark resource comprising 3607 multi-omics datasets from longitudinal studies in mice. The molecular changes in responding to distinct environmental toxicants, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), tributyltin (TBT), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dioxin (TCDD), …

Distilled Intelligence At The Edge: An Iot-Driven Deep Learning Architecture For Plant Health Assessment, Malek Garrach

Masters Theses

This project addresses the challenge of image classification for specific plants in indoor farming environments. With a limited dataset, selecting an efficient and cost-effective model becomes crucial.

The traditional approach of using cloud services for model storage and image processing is not only expensive but also inefficient for this use case, especially when considering the continuous flow of data generated by cameras in indoor farming settings. Cloud-based solutions incur high operational costs, which is not ideal for resource-constrained environments. To overcome these limitations and provide a more economical alternative, we propose the use of IoT devices, specifically Raspberry Pi units, …

Ai-Aided Instructional Framework For Multilingual Learners (Aim-Framework), Boulbaba Abdeljaouad

Masters Theses

This thesis presents EduAtlas, a human-centered AI system that integrates a mobile lesson planning application with wearable smart glasses to support teachers in multilingual classroom environments. The system enables teachers to generate structured lesson plans with multilingual scaffolds and receive real-time instructional support during classroom sessions through a wearable interface. Unlike autonomous systems, EduAtlas is designed to operate collaboratively with teachers, who retain control over all AI-generated suggestions.

The lesson planning component uses large language models and multimodal generation to produce standards-aligned lesson plans, visual aids, and multilingual supports. The wearable component utilizes teacher-triggered audio capture to analyze classroom interactions …