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The Role Of Optimal Healing Environments In The Management Of Childhood Obesity, Marjorie Freedman, Judith Stern Oct 2004

The Role Of Optimal Healing Environments In The Management Of Childhood Obesity, Marjorie Freedman, Judith Stern

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased steadily over the past three decades such that obesity is now a major worldwide pediatric health risk factor. Pediatric obesity is associated with significant health problems, and is an important early risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on the role and components of optimal healing environments (OHEs) that may be useful in the management of childhood obesity: healing intention, healing relationships, health promotion and disease prevention, and healing spaces. Diet, physical activity, and behavior modification strategies used in the treatment of childhood obesity are also reviewed.

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Racial/Ethnic Differences In Hypertension And Hypertension Treatment And Control In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Holly Kramer, Cong Han, Wendy Post, David Goff, Ana Diez-Roux, Richard Cooper, Sujata Jinagouda, Steven Shea Oct 2004

Racial/Ethnic Differences In Hypertension And Hypertension Treatment And Control In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Holly Kramer, Cong Han, Wendy Post, David Goff, Ana Diez-Roux, Richard Cooper, Sujata Jinagouda, Steven Shea

Faculty Publications

Most previous studies investigating the association between ethnicity and hypertension focused on differences between African Americans and whites and did not include other racial/ethnic groups such as Chinese or Hispanics. We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a population-based study of 6814 adults without clinical cardiovascular disease, to examine the association between ethnicity and hypertension and hypertension treatment among white, African American, Chinese, and Hispanic ethnic groups. The prevalence of hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) hypertension, was significantly higher in African Americans compared to whites (60% v 38%; P < .0001), whereas prevalence in Hispanic (42%) and Chinese participants (39%) did not differ significantly from that in whites. After adjustment for age, body mass index, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and smoking, African American (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.91-2.56) and Chinese (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.07-1.56) ethnicity were significantly associated with hypertension compared to whites. Among hypertensive MESA participants, the percentage of treated but uncontrolled hypertension in whites (24%) was significantly lower than in African Americans (35%, P < .0001), Chinese (33%, P =. 003), and Hispanics (32%, P =. 0005), but only African-American race/ethnicity remained significantly associated with treated but uncontrolled hypertension after controlling for socioeconomic factors (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.71). Diuretic use was lowest in the Chinese (22%) and Hispanic participants (32%) and was significantly lower in these groups compared with white participants (47%; P < .0001 for both comparisons). Programs to improve hypertension treatment and control should focus on a better understanding of differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension control among minority groups in the United States, especially African Americans, compared with whites, and on techniques to prevent hypertension and improve control in high-risk groups. © 2004 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd.

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A Specific Interface Between Integrin Transmembrane Helices And Affinity For Ligand, Bing Hao Luo, Timothy A. Springer, Junichi Takagi Sep 2004

A Specific Interface Between Integrin Transmembrane Helices And Affinity For Ligand, Bing Hao Luo, Timothy A. Springer, Junichi Takagi

Faculty Publications

Conformational communication across the plasma membrane between the extracellular and intracellular domains of integrins is beginning to be defined by structural work on both domains. However, the role of the α and β subunit transmembrane domains and the nature of signal transmission through these domains have been elusive. Disulfide bond scanning of the exofacial portions of the integrin αIIβ and β 3transmembrane domains reveals a specific heterodimerization interface in the resting receptor. This interface is lost rather than rearranged upon activation of the receptor by cytoplasmic mutations of the a subunit that mimic physiologic inside-out activation, demonstrating a link between …

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Defining A Link With Asthma In Mice Congenitally Deficient In Eosinophils, James J. Lee, Dawn Dimina, Mi Mi P. Macias, Sergei I. Ochkur, Michael P. Mcgarry, Katie R. O'Neill, Cheryl Protheroe, Ralph Pero, Thanh Nguyen, Stephania A. Cormier, Elizabeth Lenkiewicz, Dana Colbert, Lisa Rinaldi, Steven J. Ackerman, Charles G. Irvin, Nancy A. Lee Sep 2004

Defining A Link With Asthma In Mice Congenitally Deficient In Eosinophils, James J. Lee, Dawn Dimina, Mi Mi P. Macias, Sergei I. Ochkur, Michael P. Mcgarry, Katie R. O'Neill, Cheryl Protheroe, Ralph Pero, Thanh Nguyen, Stephania A. Cormier, Elizabeth Lenkiewicz, Dana Colbert, Lisa Rinaldi, Steven J. Ackerman, Charles G. Irvin, Nancy A. Lee

Faculty Publications

Eosinophils are often dominant inflammatory cells present in the lungs of asthma patients. Nonetheless, the role of these leukocytes remains poorly understood. We have created a transgenic line of mice (PHIL) that are specifically devoid of eosinophils, but otherwise have a full complement of hematopoietically derived cells. Allergen challenge of PHIL mice demonstrated that eosinophils were required for pulmonary mucus accumulation and the airway hyperresponsiveness associated with asthma. The development of an eosinophi-less mouse now permits an unambiguous assessment of a number of human diseases that have been linked to this granulocyte, including allergic diseases, parasite infections, and tumorigenesis.

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Rapid And Convenient Method For Preparing Masters For Microcontact Printing With 1–12 Μm Features, Lloyd W. Zilch, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Yit-Yian Lua, Michael V. Lee, Kevin R. Gertsch, Bennion R. Cannon, Robert M. Perry, Eric T. Sevy, Matthew C. Asplund, Adam T. Woolley, Matthew R. Linford Sep 2004

Rapid And Convenient Method For Preparing Masters For Microcontact Printing With 1–12 Μm Features, Lloyd W. Zilch, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Yit-Yian Lua, Michael V. Lee, Kevin R. Gertsch, Bennion R. Cannon, Robert M. Perry, Eric T. Sevy, Matthew C. Asplund, Adam T. Woolley, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Mechanical scribing can be employed to create surfaces with recessed features. Through replica molding elastomeric copies of these scribed surfaces are created that function as stamps for microcontact printing. It is shown that this new method for creating masters for microcontact printing can be performed with a computer-controlled milling machine (CNC), making this method particularly straightforward and accessible to a large technical community that does not need to work in a particle free environment. Thus, no clean room, or other specialized equipment is required, as is commonly needed to prepare masters. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirms surface pattering by …

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Evidence Of Linear Lattice Expansion And Covalency Enhancement In Rutile Tio2 Nanocrystals, Guangshe Li, Juliana Boerio-Goates, Brian F. Woodfield, Liping Li Sep 2004

Evidence Of Linear Lattice Expansion And Covalency Enhancement In Rutile Tio2 Nanocrystals, Guangshe Li, Juliana Boerio-Goates, Brian F. Woodfield, Liping Li

Faculty Publications

Lattice variations and bonding characteristics in rutile TiO2 nanocrystals were examined by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With a reduction in the physical dimensions, rutile TiO2 nanocrystals show a linear lattice expansion and an anomalous covalency enhancement in apparent contradiction to the ionicity increase in BaTiO3 and CuO nanocrystals as reported recently by S. Tsunekawa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 3440] and V. R. Palkar et al. [Phys. Rev. B 1996, 53, 2167]. A surface defect dipole model is proposed to explain these physical phenomena in terms of the strong interactions among the surface dipoles that produce …

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Analysis Of The Human Alu Ya-Lineage, Anthony C. Otieno, Anthony B. Carter, Dale J. Hedges, Jerilyn A. Walker, David A. Ray, Randall K. Garber, Bridget A. Anders, Nadica Stoilova, Meredith E. Laborde, Justin D. Fowlkes, Cheney H. Huang, Benjamin Perodeau, Mark A. Batzer Sep 2004

Analysis Of The Human Alu Ya-Lineage, Anthony C. Otieno, Anthony B. Carter, Dale J. Hedges, Jerilyn A. Walker, David A. Ray, Randall K. Garber, Bridget A. Anders, Nadica Stoilova, Meredith E. Laborde, Justin D. Fowlkes, Cheney H. Huang, Benjamin Perodeau, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

The Alu Ya-lineage is a group of related, short interspersed elements (SINEs) found in primates. This lineage includes subfamilies Ya1-Ya5, Ya5a2 and others. Some of these subfamilies are still actively mobilizing in the human genome. We have analyzed 2482 elements that reside in the human genome draft sequence and focused our analyses on the 2318 human autosomal Ya Alu elements. A total of 1470 autosomal loci were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that allow analysis of individual Ya-lineage Alu elements. About 22% (313/1452) of the Ya-lineage Alu elements were polymorphic for the insertion presence on human autosomes. Less …

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Isca Mediates Iron Delivery For Assembly Of Iron-Sulfur Clusters In Iscu Under The Limited Accessible Free Iron Conditions, Huangen Ding, Robert J. Clark, Baojin Ding Sep 2004

Isca Mediates Iron Delivery For Assembly Of Iron-Sulfur Clusters In Iscu Under The Limited Accessible Free Iron Conditions, Huangen Ding, Robert J. Clark, Baojin Ding

Faculty Publications

Increasing evidence suggests that IscS, a cysteine desulfurase, provides sulfur for assembly of transient iron-sulfur clusters in IscU. IscU appears to act as a scaffold and eventually transfers the assembled clusters to target proteins. However, the iron donor for the iron-sulfur cluster assembly largely remains elusive. Here we find that Escherichia coli IscU fails to assemble iron-sulfur clusters when the accessible "free" iron in solution is limited by an iron chelator sodium citrate. Remarkably, IscA, an iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein with an iron association constant of 3.0 × 1019 M-1, is able to overcome the iron limitation due to sodium …

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Estimating The Degree Of Saturation In Mutant Screens, David D. Pollock, John C. Larkin Sep 2004

Estimating The Degree Of Saturation In Mutant Screens, David D. Pollock, John C. Larkin

Faculty Publications

Large-scale screens for loss-of-function mutants have played a significant role in recent advances in developmental biology and other fields. In such mutant screens, it is desirable to estimate the degree of "saturation" of the screen (i.e., what fraction of the possible target genes has been identified). We applied Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods for estimating the number of loci remaining undetected in large-scale screens and produced credibility intervals to assess the uncertainty of these estimates. Since different loci may mutate to alleles with detectable phenotypes at different rates, we also incorporated variation in the degree of mutability among genes, using either …

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Macrocycle-Derived Functional Xanthenes And Progress Towards Concurrent Detection Of Glucose And Fructose, Oleksandr Rusin, Onur Alpturk, Ming He, Jorge O. Escobedo, Shan Jiang, Fareed Dawan, Kun Lian, Matthew E. Mccarroll, Isiah M. Warner, Robert M. Strongin Sep 2004

Macrocycle-Derived Functional Xanthenes And Progress Towards Concurrent Detection Of Glucose And Fructose, Oleksandr Rusin, Onur Alpturk, Ming He, Jorge O. Escobedo, Shan Jiang, Fareed Dawan, Kun Lian, Matthew E. Mccarroll, Isiah M. Warner, Robert M. Strongin

Faculty Publications

The detection of saccharides in biological media is of great current importance for the monitoring of disease states. We have previously reported that solutions of boronic acid-functionalized macrocycles form acyclic oligomeric materials in situ. The oligomers contain fluorescent xanthene moieties. Current efforts are aimed at modulating the spectroscopic responses of these materials for the analysis of specific sugars. We describe conditions whereby the xanthene boronic acids exhibit high colorimetric fructose selectivity. In contrast, at physiological levels selective glucose monitoring can be achieved via fluorescence. Additionally, we describe a method which exhibits promise for detecting both glucose and fructose at dual …

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Test Of The Mechanotactile Hypothesis: Neuromast Morphology And Response Dynamics Of Mechanosensory Lateral Line Primary Afferents In The Stingray, Karen P. Maruska, Timothy C. Tricas Sep 2004

Test Of The Mechanotactile Hypothesis: Neuromast Morphology And Response Dynamics Of Mechanosensory Lateral Line Primary Afferents In The Stingray, Karen P. Maruska, Timothy C. Tricas

Faculty Publications

The mechanotactile hypothesis proposes that ventral non-pored lateral line canals in the stingray function to facilitate localization of prey that contact the skin during benthic feeding. This study used comparative neurophysiological and morphological techniques to test whether ventral non-pored canals encode the velocity of skin movements, and show other adaptations that may enhance detection of tactile stimuli from their prey. Resting discharge rate of lateral line primary afferent neurons was lower among units from ventral than dorsal canal groups. The ventral non-pored canals had a higher proportion of silent units (31%) than either ventral (3%) or dorsal (13%) pored canals, …

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The Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Proteins Ccp1 And Ccp2 Are Required For Long-Term Growth, But Are Not Necessary For Efficient Photosynthesis, In A Low-Co2 Environment, Steve V. Pollock, Davey L. Prout, Ashley C. Godfrey, Stephane D. Lemaire, James V. Moroney Sep 2004

The Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Proteins Ccp1 And Ccp2 Are Required For Long-Term Growth, But Are Not Necessary For Efficient Photosynthesis, In A Low-Co2 Environment, Steve V. Pollock, Davey L. Prout, Ashley C. Godfrey, Stephane D. Lemaire, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimates to a low-CO2 environment by modifying the expression of a number of messages. Many of the genes that increase in abundance during acclimation to low-CO2 are under the control of the putative transcription factor Cia5. C. reinhardtii mutants null for cia5 do not express several of the known low-CO2 inducible genes and do not grow in a low-CO2 environment. Two of the genes under the control of Cia5, Ccp1 and Ccp2, encode polypeptides that are localized to the chloroplast envelope and have a high degree of similarity to members of the mitochondrial carrier …

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On The Approximation Of The Coriolis Terms In C-Grid Models, Dmitri A. Nechaev, Max Yaremchuk Sep 2004

On The Approximation Of The Coriolis Terms In C-Grid Models, Dmitri A. Nechaev, Max Yaremchuk

Faculty Publications

A new representation of the Coriolis terms on the Arakawa C grid is proposed. The approximation dumps the grid-scale noise that arises because of spatial averaging of the Coriolis terms when the grid spacing is larger than the deformation radius. The proposed approximation can also be applied in C-grid schemes with semi-implicit treatment of the Coriolis terms. The new scheme is analyzed in the context of the linear inertial-gravity waves and its advantageous behavior is demonstrated with respect to the conventional technique.

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Prickly Pear Cactus And Pastoralism In Southwest Madagascar, Jeffrey C. Kaufmann Sep 2004

Prickly Pear Cactus And Pastoralism In Southwest Madagascar, Jeffrey C. Kaufmann

Faculty Publications

Madagascar's Mahafale cattle raisers have adopted several species of the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia) into their subsistence patterns. Their use of Opuntia has had the economic effects of both sedentary and transhumant intensification. It lengthens the stay of pastoralists at their villages and structures the timing of their seasonal migration to distant pastures.

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Testing Species Boundaries In An Ancient Species Complex With Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae), Keith A. Crandall, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Robert L. Bezy, Kathryn Bolles, Jose L. Camarillo, Jack W. Sites Sep 2004

Testing Species Boundaries In An Ancient Species Complex With Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae), Keith A. Crandall, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Robert L. Bezy, Kathryn Bolles, Jose L. Camarillo, Jack W. Sites

Faculty Publications

Identification of species in natural populations has recently received increased attention with a number of investigators proposing rigorous methods for species delimitation. Morphologically conservative species (or species complexes) with deep phylogenetic histories (and limited gene flow) are likely to pose particular problems when attempting to delimit species, yet this is crucial to comparative studies of the geography of speciation. We apply two methods of species delimitation to an ancient group of lizards (genus Xantusia) that occur throughout southwestern North America. Mitochondrial cytochrome b and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene sequences were generated from samples taken throughout the geographic …

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Jumpstarting Phylogenetic Analysis, Mark J. Clement, Keith A. Crandall, Kevin Seppi, Quinn O. Snell Sep 2004

Jumpstarting Phylogenetic Analysis, Mark J. Clement, Keith A. Crandall, Kevin Seppi, Quinn O. Snell

Faculty Publications

When a new epidemic strikes, it is often important to determine the relationship between the current organism and others that have been successfully treated previously. The phylogenetic analysis problem generates the most likely family tree for a group of organisms based on DNA sequence data. This process can take a prohibitively long period of time with current algorithms. If trees resulting from prior searches are used to seed the search, correct trees can be found much more quickly. This jumpstarting algorithm can generate superior phylogenetic solutions much more quickly than existing algorithms.

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Assignment Of The Four Disulfides In The N-Terminal Somatomedin B Domain Of Native Vitronectin Isolated From Human Plasma, Nancy A. Horn, Gregory B. Hurst, Anand Mayasundari, Neil A. Whittemore, Engin H. Serpersu, Cynthia B. Peterson Aug 2004

Assignment Of The Four Disulfides In The N-Terminal Somatomedin B Domain Of Native Vitronectin Isolated From Human Plasma, Nancy A. Horn, Gregory B. Hurst, Anand Mayasundari, Neil A. Whittemore, Engin H. Serpersu, Cynthia B. Peterson

Faculty Publications

The primary sequence of the N-terminal somatomedin B (SMB) domain of native vitronectin contains 44 amino acids, including a framework of four disulfide bonds formed by 8 closely spaced cysteines in sequence patterns similar to those found in the cystine knot family of proteins. The SMB domain of vitronectin was isolated by digesting the protein with endoproteinase Glu-C and purifying the N-terminal 1-55 peptide by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Through a combination of techniques, including stepwise reduction and alkylation at acidic pH, peptide mapping with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and NMR, the disulfide bonds contained in the …

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Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii: Expression And Characterization Of Ctp:Phosphoethanolamine Cytidylyltransferase, Wenyu Yang, Catherine B. Mason, Steve V. Pollock, Tracey Lavezzi, James V. Moroney, Thomas S. Moore Aug 2004

Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii: Expression And Characterization Of Ctp:Phosphoethanolamine Cytidylyltransferase, Wenyu Yang, Catherine B. Mason, Steve V. Pollock, Tracey Lavezzi, James V. Moroney, Thomas S. Moore

Faculty Publications

CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ECT) is considered to be the regulatory enzyme in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis. The ECT cDNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes a protein of 443 amino acid residues, which is longer than the same protein in yeast, rat or human. The translated product of cloned cDNA was expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli, and was shown to have ECT activity. The deduced amino acid sequence has 41% identity with that of human or rat, and 30% with yeast. The ECT protein has a repetitive internal sequence in its N-and C-terminal halves and a signature …

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Crystal Structure Of A High-Affinity Variant Of Rat Α-Parvalbumin, Yong Hwan Lee, John J. Tanner, John D. Larson, Michael T. Henzl Aug 2004

Crystal Structure Of A High-Affinity Variant Of Rat Α-Parvalbumin, Yong Hwan Lee, John J. Tanner, John D. Larson, Michael T. Henzl

Faculty Publications

In model peptide systems, Ca2+ affinity is maximized in EF-hand motifs containing four carboxylates positioned on the +x and -x and +z and -z axes; introduction of a fifth carboxylate ligand reduces the affinity. However, in rat β-parvalbumin, replacement of Ser-55 with aspartate heightens divalent ion affinity [Henzl, M. T., et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 5856-5869]. The corresponding α-parvalbumin variant (S55D/E59D) likewise exhibits elevated affinity [Henzl, M. T., et al. (2003) Anal. Biochem. 319, 216-233]. To determine whether these mutations produce a variation on the archetypal EF-hand coordination scheme, we have obtained high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data for α S55D/E59D. As …

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Noncontact Scanning Impedance Imaging In An Aqueous Solution, Aaron R. Hawkins, Hongze Liu, Travis E. Oliphant, Stephen M. Schultz Aug 2004

Noncontact Scanning Impedance Imaging In An Aqueous Solution, Aaron R. Hawkins, Hongze Liu, Travis E. Oliphant, Stephen M. Schultz

Faculty Publications

We present a method for imaging based on noncontact electrical impedance measurements and mechanical scanning. Measurement results are shown for an initial system based on this concept. An impedance probe design is presented, applicable to the test system. Line-scan data plots of high impedance contrast structures show a good fit to a theoretical physical model. Image resolutions on the order of 100 m are indicated for the initial system. Two-dimensional impedance images of biological tissue generated by this technique are shown.

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Citation Indexes For Online Interdisciplinary Learning, Anita Coleman Aug 2004

Citation Indexes For Online Interdisciplinary Learning, Anita Coleman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Like Your Classes, Know Your Professors? Predictors Of Talented College Students’ Science And Technology Careers, James Lee, Christina Stow Aug 2004

Like Your Classes, Know Your Professors? Predictors Of Talented College Students’ Science And Technology Careers, James Lee, Christina Stow

Faculty Publications

In the US, there is great loss of academically talented college-level science and technology students as many decide not to follow through with their initial career choices. Following research that has implicated personal relationships in career decision-making, we study the effects of college course experiences, relationships with professors, and individual characteristics on career plans of 58 talented university students by analyzing interview data gathered in 1999. Among other things, we find that students who dropped out have few positive science course experiences and no relationships with faculty. Life sciences students report that they do not like science courses, but they …

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Low Levels Of Nucleotide Diversity In Crocodylus Moreletii And Evidence Of Hybridization With C. Acutus, David A. Ray, Jennifer A. Dever, Steven G. Platt, Thomas R. Rainwater, Adam G. Finger, Scott T. Mcmurry, Mark A. Batzer, Brady Barr, Peter J. Stafford, Jenna Mcknight, Llewellyn D. Densmore Aug 2004

Low Levels Of Nucleotide Diversity In Crocodylus Moreletii And Evidence Of Hybridization With C. Acutus, David A. Ray, Jennifer A. Dever, Steven G. Platt, Thomas R. Rainwater, Adam G. Finger, Scott T. Mcmurry, Mark A. Batzer, Brady Barr, Peter J. Stafford, Jenna Mcknight, Llewellyn D. Densmore

Faculty Publications

Examinations of both population genetic structure and the processes that lead to such structure in crocodilians have been initiated in several species in response to a call by the IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. A recent study used microsatellite markers to characterize Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) populations in north-central Belize and presented evidence for isolation by distance. To further investigate this hypothesis, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial control region for representative animals after including samples from additional locales in Belize, Guatemala and Mexico. While there is limited evidence of subdivision involving other locales, we found that most of the …

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Homologs Of Plant Psbp And Psbq Proteins Are Necessary For Regulation Of Photosystem Ii Activity In The Cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 W Inside Box Sign, Leeann E. Thomton, Hiroshi Ohkawa, Johnna L. Roose, Yasuhiro Kashino, Nir Keren, Himadri B. Pakrasi Aug 2004

Homologs Of Plant Psbp And Psbq Proteins Are Necessary For Regulation Of Photosystem Ii Activity In The Cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 W Inside Box Sign, Leeann E. Thomton, Hiroshi Ohkawa, Johnna L. Roose, Yasuhiro Kashino, Nir Keren, Himadri B. Pakrasi

Faculty Publications

The mechanism of oxygen evolution by photosystem II (PSII) has remained highly conserved during the course of evolution from ancestral cyanobacteria to green plants. A cluster of manganese, calcium, and chloride ions, whose binding environment is optimized by PSII extrinsic proteins, catalyzes this water-splitting reaction. The accepted view is that in plants and green algae, the three extrinsic proteins are PsbO, PsbP, and PsbQ, whereas in cyanobacteria, they are PsbO, PsbV, and PsbU. Our previous proteomic analysis established the presence of a PsbQ homolog in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. The current study additionally demonstrates the presence of a PsbP homolog …

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Hydrothermal Venting In Magma Deserts: The Ultraslow-Spreading Gakkel And Southwest Indian Ridges, Edward T. Baker, Henrietta N. Edmonds, Peter J. Michael, Wolfgang Bach, Henry J.B. Dick, Jonathan E. Snow, Sharon L. Walker, Neil R. Banerjee, Charles H. Langmuir Aug 2004

Hydrothermal Venting In Magma Deserts: The Ultraslow-Spreading Gakkel And Southwest Indian Ridges, Edward T. Baker, Henrietta N. Edmonds, Peter J. Michael, Wolfgang Bach, Henry J.B. Dick, Jonathan E. Snow, Sharon L. Walker, Neil R. Banerjee, Charles H. Langmuir

Faculty Publications

Detailed hydrothermal surveys over ridges with spreading rates of 50-150 mm/yr have found a linear relation between spreading rate and the spatial frequency of hydrothermal venting, but the validity of this relation at slow and ultraslow ridges is unproved. Here we compare hydrothermal plume surveys along three sections of the Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean) and the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) to determine if hydrothermal activity is similarly distributed among these ultraslow ridge sections and if these distributions follow the hypothesized linear trend derived from surveys along fast ridges. Along the Gakkel Ridge, most apparent vent sites occur on volcanic highs, …

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Carbon Balance And Vegetation Dynamics In An Old‐Growth Amazonian Forest, Amy H. Rice, Elizabeth Hammond Pyle, Scott R. Saleska, Lucy Hutyra, Michael W. Palace, Michael M. Keller, Plinio B. De Camargo, Kleber Portilho, Dulcyana F. Marques, Steven C. Wofsy Aug 2004

Carbon Balance And Vegetation Dynamics In An Old‐Growth Amazonian Forest, Amy H. Rice, Elizabeth Hammond Pyle, Scott R. Saleska, Lucy Hutyra, Michael W. Palace, Michael M. Keller, Plinio B. De Camargo, Kleber Portilho, Dulcyana F. Marques, Steven C. Wofsy

Faculty Publications

Amazon forests could be globally significant sinks or sources for atmospheric carbon dioxide, but carbon balance of these forests remains poorly quantified. We surveyed 19.75 ha along four 1‐km transects of well‐drained old‐growth upland forest in the Tapajós National Forest near Santarém, Pará, Brazil (2°51′ S, 54°58′ W) in order to assess carbon pool sizes, fluxes, and climatic controls on carbon balance. In 1999 there were, on average, 470 live trees per hectare with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥10 cm. The mean (and 95% ci) aboveground live biomass was 143.7 ± 5.4 Mg C/ha, with an additional 48.0 ± …

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Visualizing Chromosome Structure/Organization, Eric Lam, Naohiro Kato, Koichi Watanabe Jul 2004

Visualizing Chromosome Structure/Organization, Eric Lam, Naohiro Kato, Koichi Watanabe

Faculty Publications

With the rapid development of sequencing technologies in the past decade, many eukaryotic genomes have been resolved at the primary sequence level. However, organization of the genome within nuclei and the principles that govern such properties remain largely unclear. Optimization of fluorescence probe-based hybridization technologies combined with new advances in the instrumentation for microscopy has steadily yielded more structural information on chromosome organization in eukaryote model systems. These studies provide static snapshots of the detailed organization of chromatin. More recently, the successful application of a chromatin tagging strategy utilizing auto fluorescent fusion proteins opened a new era of chromatin studies …

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Polymorphisms Within A Polymorphism: Snps In And Around A Polymorphic Alu Insertion In Intron 44 Of The Human Dystrophin Gene, Alan D. Lovell, Vania Yotova, Fengxia Xiao, Mark A. Batzer, Damian Labuda Jul 2004

Polymorphisms Within A Polymorphism: Snps In And Around A Polymorphic Alu Insertion In Intron 44 Of The Human Dystrophin Gene, Alan D. Lovell, Vania Yotova, Fengxia Xiao, Mark A. Batzer, Damian Labuda

Faculty Publications

A polymorphic Yb-type Alu insertion on Xp21.3 shows a genotypic gradient across worldwide populations. We used single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and sequencing to characterize the level of polymorphism within this region. Two novel polymorphic sites were found within the Alu insertion itself, and a further seven novel polymorphic sites in the 2-kb flanking region. Our results showed that while DHPLC was more sensitive than SSCP, the limitations of DHPLC included the lack of ability to distinguish between multiple alleles or safely identify mutations on a polymorphic background. We believe that this is the first …

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Genetic Diversity Of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) And Its Wild Relatives Based On The Analysis Of Hypervariable Regions Of The Genome, Marcio De Carvalho Moretzsohn, Mark S. Hopkins, Sharon E. Mitchell, Stephen Kresovich, Jose Francisco Montenegro Valls, Marcio Elias Ferreira Jul 2004

Genetic Diversity Of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) And Its Wild Relatives Based On The Analysis Of Hypervariable Regions Of The Genome, Marcio De Carvalho Moretzsohn, Mark S. Hopkins, Sharon E. Mitchell, Stephen Kresovich, Jose Francisco Montenegro Valls, Marcio Elias Ferreira

Faculty Publications

Background: The genus Arachis is native to a region that includes Central Brazil and neighboring countries. Little is known about the genetic variability of the Brazilian cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea, genome AABB) germplasm collection at the DNA level. The understanding of the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild species of peanut (Arachis spp.) is essential to develop strategies of collection, conservation and use of the germplasm in variety development. The identity of the ancestor progenitor species of cultivated peanut has also been of great interest. Several species have been suggested as putative AA and BB genome donors …

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Zapus Princeps, E. Blake Hart, Mark C. Belk, Eralee Jordan, Malinda W. Gonzalez Jul 2004

Zapus Princeps, E. Blake Hart, Mark C. Belk, Eralee Jordan, Malinda W. Gonzalez

Faculty Publications

Zapus princeps Allen, 1893:71. Type locality “Florida, La Plata Co., Colorado.”
Zapus pacificus Merriam, 1897:104. Type locality “Prospect, Rogue River Valley, Jackson Co., Oregon.”
Zapus saltator Allen, 1899:3. Type locality “Telegraph Creek, British Columbia.”

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