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Effect Of Overall Charge And Charge Distribution On Cellular Uptake, Distribution And Phototoxicity Of Cationic Porphyrins In Hep2 Cells, Timothy J. Jensen, M. Graça H. Vicente, Raymond Luguya, Jolanna Norton, Frank R. Fronczek, Kevin M. Smith Aug 2010

Effect Of Overall Charge And Charge Distribution On Cellular Uptake, Distribution And Phototoxicity Of Cationic Porphyrins In Hep2 Cells, Timothy J. Jensen, M. Graça H. Vicente, Raymond Luguya, Jolanna Norton, Frank R. Fronczek, Kevin M. Smith

Faculty Publications

Five cationic porphyrins bearing one to four -N(CH3)3+ groups linked to the p-phenyl positions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were synthesized in order to study the effect of overall charge and its distribution on the cellular uptake, phototoxicity and intracellular localization using human carcinoma HEp2 cells. The di-cationic porphyrins DADP-o and DADP-a accumulated the most within cells and preferentially localize within vesicular compartments and in mitochondria. Of these two only DADP-a was phototoxic to the cells (IC50=3μM at 1J/cm2). The mono-cationic porphyrin MAP was found to be the most phototoxic of the series, and it localized mainly in lipid membranes, including the …

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A Comparative Study Of Salt Tolerance Parameters In 11 Wild Relatives Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Francesco Orsini, Matilde Paino D'Urzo, Gunsu Inan, Sara Serra, Dong Ha Oh, Michael V. Mickelbart, Federica Consiglio, Xia Li, Jae Cheol Jeong, Dae Jin Yun, Hans J. Bohnert, Ray A. Bressan, Albino Maggio Aug 2010

A Comparative Study Of Salt Tolerance Parameters In 11 Wild Relatives Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Francesco Orsini, Matilde Paino D'Urzo, Gunsu Inan, Sara Serra, Dong Ha Oh, Michael V. Mickelbart, Federica Consiglio, Xia Li, Jae Cheol Jeong, Dae Jin Yun, Hans J. Bohnert, Ray A. Bressan, Albino Maggio

Faculty Publications

Salinity is an abiotic stress that limits both yield and the expansion of agricultural crops to new areas. In the last 20 years our basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant tolerance and adaptation to saline environments has greatly improved owing to active development of advanced tools in molecular, genomics, and bioinformatics analyses. However, the full potential of investigative power has not been fully exploited, because the use of halophytes as model systems in plant salt tolerance research is largely neglected. The recent introduction of halophytic Arabidopsis-Relative Model Species (ARMS) has begun to compare and relate several unique genetic resources …

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Metabolic Preconditioning Of Cells With Aicar-Riboside: Improved Cryopreservation And Cell-Type Specific Impacts On Energetics And Proliferation, Michael A. Menze, Nilay Chakraborty, Matthew Clavenna, Mitali Banerjee, Xiang Hong Liu, Mehmet Toner, Steven C. Hand Aug 2010

Metabolic Preconditioning Of Cells With Aicar-Riboside: Improved Cryopreservation And Cell-Type Specific Impacts On Energetics And Proliferation, Michael A. Menze, Nilay Chakraborty, Matthew Clavenna, Mitali Banerjee, Xiang Hong Liu, Mehmet Toner, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

In species whose evolutionary history has provided natural tolerance to dehydration and freezing, metabolic depression is often a pre-requisite for survival. We tested the hypothesis that preconditioning of mammalian cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) to achieve metabolic depression will promote greater survivorship during cryopreservation. AICAR is used extensively to stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can result in downregulation of biosynthetic processes. We showed that the metabolic interconversion of AICAR was cell-type dependent. Accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1b-d-ribofuranosyl-5'-monophosphate (ZMP), as well as other metabolites that possess multiple phosphates (i.e., ZDP, ZTP), varied approximately 3.5-fold across the cell lines tested. AICAR treatment also significantly …

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A Mobile Threat To Genome Stability: The Impact Of Non-Ltr Retrotransposons Upon The Human Genome, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer Aug 2010

A Mobile Threat To Genome Stability: The Impact Of Non-Ltr Retrotransposons Upon The Human Genome, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

It is now commonly agreed that the human genome is not the stable entity originally presumed. Deletions, duplications, inversions, and insertions are common, and contribute significantly to genomic structural variations (SVs). Their collective impact generates much of the inter-individual genomic diversity observed among humans. Not only do these variations change the structure of the genome; they may also have functional implications, e.g. altered gene expression. Some SVs have been identified as the cause of genetic disorders, including cancer predisposition. Cancer cells are notorious for their genomic instability, and often show genomic rearrangements at the microscopic and submicroscopic level to which …

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Cryptotanshinone Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation By Suppressing Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin - Mediated Cyclin D1 Expression And Rb Phosphorylation, Wenxing Chen, Yan Luo, Lei Liu, Hongyu Zhou, Baoshan Xu, Xiuzhen Han, Tao Shen, Zhijun Liu, Yin Lu, Shile Huang Aug 2010

Cryptotanshinone Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation By Suppressing Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin - Mediated Cyclin D1 Expression And Rb Phosphorylation, Wenxing Chen, Yan Luo, Lei Liu, Hongyu Zhou, Baoshan Xu, Xiuzhen Han, Tao Shen, Zhijun Liu, Yin Lu, Shile Huang

Faculty Publications

Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a natural compound isolated from the plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is a potential anticancer agent. However, little is known about its anticancer mechanism. Here, we show that CPT inhibited cancer cell proliferation by arresting cells in G1-G0 phase of the cell cycle. This is associated with the inhibition of cyclin D1 expression and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that CPT inhibited the signaling pathway of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a central regulator of cell proliferation. This is evidenced by the findings that CPT inhibited type I insulin-like growth factor I- or 10% fetal bovine …

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Obesity Increases The Production Of Proinflammatory Mediators From Adipose Tissue T Cells And Compromises Tcr Repertoire Diversity: Implications For Systemic Inflammation And Insulin Resistance, Hyunwon Yang, Yun Hee Youm, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Anthony Ravussin, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Frank Greenway, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Randall L. Mynatt, Vishwa Deep Dixit Aug 2010

Obesity Increases The Production Of Proinflammatory Mediators From Adipose Tissue T Cells And Compromises Tcr Repertoire Diversity: Implications For Systemic Inflammation And Insulin Resistance, Hyunwon Yang, Yun Hee Youm, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Anthony Ravussin, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Frank Greenway, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Randall L. Mynatt, Vishwa Deep Dixit

Faculty Publications

Emerging evidence suggests that increases in activated T cell populations in adipose tissue may contribute toward obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. The present study investigates three unanswered questions: 1) Do adipose-resident T cells (ARTs) from lean and obese mice have altered cytokine production in response to TCR ligation?; 2) Do the extralymphoid ARTs possess a unique TCR repertoire compared with lymphoid-resident T cells and whether obesity alters the TCR diversity in specific adipose depots?; and 3) Does short-term elimination of T cells in epididymal fat pad without disturbing the systemic T cell homeostasis regulate inflammation and insulin-action during obesity? We found that …

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Body Image In Middle-Aged Mormon Women: A Comparative Case Study, Janette Olsen Aug 2010

Body Image In Middle-Aged Mormon Women: A Comparative Case Study, Janette Olsen

Faculty Publications

Body image is a multifaceted construct developed from perceived experiences and personal and cultural attitudes towards the body. Women are more vulnerable than men to internal and external influences regarding negative body image. A qualitative comparative case study design was utilized to explore how 10 lifelong, middle-aged LDS women, either married (n=5) with children or single, never married (n=5), experienced body image through their perceptions of religiosity and spirituality. The participants lived along the Wasatch Front in Utah and were recruited through known LDS gatekeepers. Each participant completed three in-person interviews and three audio or paper journals, which were transcribed …

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Cenozoic Mud Volcano Activity Along The Indus Fan: Offshore Pakistan, G. Calvès, A. M. Schwab, M. Huuse, P. Van Rensbergen, P. D. Clift, A. R. Tabrez, A. Inam Aug 2010

Cenozoic Mud Volcano Activity Along The Indus Fan: Offshore Pakistan, G. Calvès, A. M. Schwab, M. Huuse, P. Van Rensbergen, P. D. Clift, A. R. Tabrez, A. Inam

Faculty Publications

This study documents the tectono-stratigraphic setting and expulsion history of a major, previously undescribed mud volcano (MV) province in the Indus Submarine Fan, offshore Pakistan. A buried MV field of nine composite MVs has been recognized using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D seismic reflection data in a confined area of 50 × 65 km2. Conduits are recognized on each of these MVs connecting the pre-Eocene parent beds to the stacked mud cones. The buried MVs are up to 8.4 km wide (4.5 km average) with a central conduit of 1.23 km average diameter and an average mud cone thickness of 0.33 …

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Genetic Evidence For High Propagule Pressure And Long-Distance Dispersal In Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta Monachus) Invasive Populations, Anders Gonçalves Da Silva, Jessica R. Eberhard, Timothy F. Wright, Michael L. Avery, Michael A. Russello Aug 2010

Genetic Evidence For High Propagule Pressure And Long-Distance Dispersal In Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta Monachus) Invasive Populations, Anders Gonçalves Da Silva, Jessica R. Eberhard, Timothy F. Wright, Michael L. Avery, Michael A. Russello

Faculty Publications

The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) is a successful invasive species that does not exhibit life history traits typically associated with colonizing species (e.g., high reproductive rate or long-distance dispersal capacity). To investigate this apparent paradox, we examined individual and population genetic patterns of microsatellite loci at one native and two invasive sites. More specifically, we aimed at evaluating the role of propagule pressure, sexual monogamy and long-distance dispersal in monk parakeet invasion success. Our results indicate little loss of genetic variation at invasive sites relative to the native site. We also found strong evidence for sexual monogamy from patterns of …

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Alteration Of Microbial Communities Colonizing Leaf Litter In A Temperate Woodland Stream By Growth Of Trees Under Conditions Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2, John J. Kelly, Amit Bansal, Jonathan Winkelman, Lori R. Janus, Shannon Hell, Marie Wencel, Patricia Belt, Kevin A. Kuehn, Steven T. Rier, Nancy C. Tuchman Aug 2010

Alteration Of Microbial Communities Colonizing Leaf Litter In A Temperate Woodland Stream By Growth Of Trees Under Conditions Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2, John J. Kelly, Amit Bansal, Jonathan Winkelman, Lori R. Janus, Shannon Hell, Marie Wencel, Patricia Belt, Kevin A. Kuehn, Steven T. Rier, Nancy C. Tuchman

Faculty Publications

Elevated atmospheric CO2 can cause increased carbon fixation and altered foliar chemical composition in a variety of plants, which has the potential to impact forested headwater streams because they are detritus-based ecosystems that rely on leaf litter as their primary source of organic carbon. Fungi and bacteria play key roles in the entry of terrestrial carbon into aquatic food webs, as they decompose leaf litter and serve as a source of nutrition for invertebrate consumers. This study tested the hypothesis that changes in leaf chemistry caused by elevated atmospheric CO2 would result in changes in the size and …

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Malware Type Recognition And Cyber Situational Awareness, Thomas E. Dube, Richard A. Raines, Gilbert L. Peterson, Kenneth W. Bauer, Michael R. Grimaila, Steven K. Rogers Aug 2010

Malware Type Recognition And Cyber Situational Awareness, Thomas E. Dube, Richard A. Raines, Gilbert L. Peterson, Kenneth W. Bauer, Michael R. Grimaila, Steven K. Rogers

Faculty Publications

Current technologies for computer network and host defense do not provide suitable information to support strategic and tactical decision making processes. Although pattern-based malware detection is an active research area, the additional context of the type of malware can improve cyber situational awareness. This additional context is an indicator of threat capability thus allowing organizations to assess information losses and focus response actions appropriately. Malware Type Recognition (MaTR) is a research initiative extending detection technologies to provide the additional context of malware types using only static heuristics. Test results with MaTR demonstrate over a 99% accurate detection rate and 59% …

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Analytical Solutions For Efficient Interpretation Of Single-Well Push-Pull Tracer Tests, Junqi Huang, John A. Christ, Mark N. Goltz Aug 2010

Analytical Solutions For Efficient Interpretation Of Single-Well Push-Pull Tracer Tests, Junqi Huang, John A. Christ, Mark N. Goltz

Faculty Publications

Single-well push-pull tracer tests have been used to characterize the extent, fate, and transport of subsurface contamination. Analytical solutions provide one alternative for interpreting test results. In this work, an exact analytical solution to two-dimensional equations describing the governing processes acting on a dissolved compound during a modified push-pull test (advection, longitudinal and transverse dispersion, first-order decay, and rate-limited sorption/partitioning in steady, divergent, and convergent flow fields) is developed. The coupling of this solution with inverse modeling to estimate aquifer parameters provides an efficient methodology for subsurface characterization. Synthetic data for single-well push-pull tests are employed to demonstrate the utility …

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Wind Speed Dependence Of Single-Site Wave-Height Retrievals From High-Frequency Radars, Brian K. Haus, Lynn K. Shay, Paul A. Work, George Voulgaris, Rafael J. Ramos, Jorge Martinez-Pedraja Aug 2010

Wind Speed Dependence Of Single-Site Wave-Height Retrievals From High-Frequency Radars, Brian K. Haus, Lynn K. Shay, Paul A. Work, George Voulgaris, Rafael J. Ramos, Jorge Martinez-Pedraja

Faculty Publications

Wave-height observations derived from single-site high-frequency (HF) radar backscattered Doppler spectra are generally recognized to be less accurate than overlapping radar techniques but can provide significantly larger sampling regions. The larger available wave-sampling region may have important implications for observing system design. Comparison of HF radar–derived wave heights with acoustic Doppler profiler and buoy data revealed that the scale separation between the Bragg scattering waves and the peak energy-containing waves may contribute to errors in the single-site estimates in light-to-moderate winds. A wave-height correction factor was developed that explicitly considers this scale separation and eliminates the trend of increasing errors …

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Metabolic Syndrome And Risk Of Death From Cancers Of The Digestive System, Charles E. Matthews, Xuemei Sui, Michael J. Lamonte, Swann A. Adams, James R. Hébert, Steven N. Blair Aug 2010

Metabolic Syndrome And Risk Of Death From Cancers Of The Digestive System, Charles E. Matthews, Xuemei Sui, Michael J. Lamonte, Swann A. Adams, James R. Hébert, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that risk of early mortality from cancers of the digestive system will be greater in men with, compared to men without, the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants were 33,230 men who were seen at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas and followed for 14.4 (SD=7.0) yrs. MetS was defined as having at least three of the following risk factors: abdominal obesity, fasting hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, or high fasting glucose level or diabetes. MetS was associated with higher mortality (HR=1.90 [95% Confidence Interval=1.42-2.55]), and there was a graded positive association for the addition …

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Social Relationships And Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, J. Bradley Layton Jul 2010

Social Relationships And Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, J. Bradley Layton

Faculty Publications

Background: The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which factors may moderate the risk. Data Extraction: Data were extracted on several participant characteristics, including cause of mortality, initial health status, and pre-existing health conditions, as well as on study characteristics, including length of follow-up and type of assessment of social relationships. Results: Across 148 studies (308,849 …

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Structural, Nmr Spectroscopic, And Computational Investigation Of Hemin Loading In The Hemophore Hasap From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Grace Jepkorir, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, Huan Rui, Wonpil Im, Scott Lovell, Kevin P. Battaile, Aileen Y. Alontaga, Erik T. Yukl, Pierre Moënne-Loccoz, Mario Rivera Jul 2010

Structural, Nmr Spectroscopic, And Computational Investigation Of Hemin Loading In The Hemophore Hasap From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Grace Jepkorir, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, Huan Rui, Wonpil Im, Scott Lovell, Kevin P. Battaile, Aileen Y. Alontaga, Erik T. Yukl, Pierre Moënne-Loccoz, Mario Rivera

Faculty Publications

When challenged by low-iron conditions several Gram-negative pathogens secrete a hemophore (HasA) to scavenge hemin from its host and deliver it to a receptor (HasR) on their outer membrane for internalization. Here we report results from studies aimed at probing the structural and dynamic processes at play in the loading of the apo-hemophore secreted by P. aeruginosa (apo-HasAp) with hemin. The structure of apo-HasAp shows a large conformational change in the loop harboring axial ligand His32 relative to the structure of holo-HasAp, whereas the loop bearing the other axial ligand, Tyr75, remains intact. To investigate the role played by the …

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A New Lysozyme From The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And A Possible Evolutionary Pathway For I-Type Lysozymes In Bivalves From Host Defense To Digestion, Qinggang Xue, Michael E. Hellberg, Kevin L. Schey, Naoki Itoh, Ron I. Eytan, Richard K. Cooper, Jerome F. La Peyre Jul 2010

A New Lysozyme From The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And A Possible Evolutionary Pathway For I-Type Lysozymes In Bivalves From Host Defense To Digestion, Qinggang Xue, Michael E. Hellberg, Kevin L. Schey, Naoki Itoh, Ron I. Eytan, Richard K. Cooper, Jerome F. La Peyre

Faculty Publications

Background. Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. Results. We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it …

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A New Lysozyme From The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And A Possible Evolutionary Pathway For I-Type Lysozymes In Bivalves From Host Defense To Digestion, Qinggang Xue, Michael E. Hellberg, Kevin L. Schey, Naoki Itoh, Ron I. Eytan, Richard K. Cooper, Jerome F. La Peyre Jul 2010

A New Lysozyme From The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And A Possible Evolutionary Pathway For I-Type Lysozymes In Bivalves From Host Defense To Digestion, Qinggang Xue, Michael E. Hellberg, Kevin L. Schey, Naoki Itoh, Ron I. Eytan, Richard K. Cooper, Jerome F. La Peyre

Faculty Publications

Background. Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. Results. We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it …

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A New Lysozyme From The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And A Possible Evolutionary Pathway For I-Type Lysozymes In Bivalves From Host Defense To Digestion, Qinggang Xue, Michael E. Hellberg, Kevin L. Schey, Naoki Itoh, Ron I. Eytan, Richard K. Cooper, Jerome F. La Peyre Jul 2010

A New Lysozyme From The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And A Possible Evolutionary Pathway For I-Type Lysozymes In Bivalves From Host Defense To Digestion, Qinggang Xue, Michael E. Hellberg, Kevin L. Schey, Naoki Itoh, Ron I. Eytan, Richard K. Cooper, Jerome F. La Peyre

Faculty Publications

Background. Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. Results. We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it …

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Beyond Employment And Income: The Association Between Young Adults’ Finances And Marital Timing, Jeffrey P. Dew, Joseph Price Jul 2010

Beyond Employment And Income: The Association Between Young Adults’ Finances And Marital Timing, Jeffrey P. Dew, Joseph Price

Faculty Publications

This study tested an extension of the theory of marital timing (Oppenheimer, Am J Sociol 94:563–591, 1988) by assessing whether visible and less visible financial assets and debt mediated the relationship between employment and the likelihood of marriage. We conducted these prospective, longitudinal analyses using a sample of 1,522 never-married young adults from the National Survey of Families and Households. For participants who were not cohabiting at Wave 1, financial issues such as car values predicted marriage but did not mediate the relationship between work hours, occupational prestige, and the likelihood of marriage. For cohabiting participants, employment factors were the …

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Identity In A Digital Age, Andrew Root Jul 2010

Identity In A Digital Age, Andrew Root

Faculty Publications

Not long ago, “identity” was understood to be established and retained more-or-less as is throughout life. No longer. The digital shrinking of time and space has made identity fluid, and the church faces a new task.

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Accounting For Historical Forces In The Effort To Align Law With Science, Derek W. Black Jul 2010

Accounting For Historical Forces In The Effort To Align Law With Science, Derek W. Black

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Oxygen Is Required For The L-Cysteine-Mediated Decomposition Of Protein-Bound Dinitrosyl-Iron Complexes, Juanjuan Yang, Xuewu Duan, Aaron P. Landry, Huangen Ding Jul 2010

Oxygen Is Required For The L-Cysteine-Mediated Decomposition Of Protein-Bound Dinitrosyl-Iron Complexes, Juanjuan Yang, Xuewu Duan, Aaron P. Landry, Huangen Ding

Faculty Publications

Increasing evidence suggests that iron-sulfur proteins are the primary targets of nitric oxide (NO). Exposure of Escherichia coli cells to NO readily converts iron-sulfur proteins to protein-bound dinitrosyl-iron complexes (DNICs). Although the protein-bound DNICs are stable in vitro under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, they are efficiently repaired in aerobically growing E. coli cells even without new protein synthesis. The cellular repair mechanism for the NO-modified iron-sulfur proteins remains largely elusive. Here we report that, unlike aerobically growing E. coli cells, starved E. coli cells fail to reactivate the NO-modified iron-sulfur proteins. Significantly, the addition of l-cysteine, but not other related …

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Pangea: Pipeline For Analysis Of Next Generation Amplicons, Adriana Giongo, David B. Crabb, Austin G. Davis-Richardson, Diane Chauliac, Jennifer M. Mobberley, Kelsey A. Gano, Nabanita Mukherjee, George Casella, Luiz F.W. Roesch, Brandon Walts, Alberto Riva, Gary King, Eric W. Triplett Jul 2010

Pangea: Pipeline For Analysis Of Next Generation Amplicons, Adriana Giongo, David B. Crabb, Austin G. Davis-Richardson, Diane Chauliac, Jennifer M. Mobberley, Kelsey A. Gano, Nabanita Mukherjee, George Casella, Luiz F.W. Roesch, Brandon Walts, Alberto Riva, Gary King, Eric W. Triplett

Faculty Publications

High-throughput DNA sequencing can identify organisms and describe population structures in many environmental and clinical samples. Current technologies generate millions of reads in a single run, requiring extensive computational strategies to organize, analyze and interpret those sequences. A series of bioinformatics tools for high-throughput sequencing analysis, including pre-processing, clustering, database matching and classification, have been compiled into a pipeline called PANGEA. The PANGEA pipeline was written in Perl and can be run on Mac OSX, Windows or Linux. With PANGEA, sequences obtained directly from the sequencer can be processed quickly to provide the files needed for sequence identification by BLAST …

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Behavioral And Physiological Plasticity: Rapid Changes During Social Ascent In An African Cichlid Fish, Karen P. Maruska, Russell D. Fernald Jul 2010

Behavioral And Physiological Plasticity: Rapid Changes During Social Ascent In An African Cichlid Fish, Karen P. Maruska, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

In many vertebrates, reproduction is regulated by social interactions in which dominant males control access to females and food. Subordinate males that displace dominant individuals must rapidly adopt behavioral and physiological traits of the higher rank to gain reproductive success. To understand the process of phenotypic plasticity during social ascent, we analyzed the temporal expression pattern of dominance behaviors and circulating androgen levels when socially-suppressed males of an African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni ascended in status. These experiments tested a prediction of the 'challenge hypothesis' that, during periods of social instability, male androgen levels are higher than during socially stable …

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Laboratory Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Fluorescent Biomarkers For Sugar-Feeding Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), T. M. Mascari, L. D. Foil Jul 2010

Laboratory Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Fluorescent Biomarkers For Sugar-Feeding Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), T. M. Mascari, L. D. Foil

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of four fluorescent dyes (rhodamine B, uranine O, auramine O, and erythrosin B) and two nonfluorescent dyes (carmoisine and indigotine) incorporated into sugar baits as biomarkers for phlebotomine sand flies, Each dye could be detected in sand flies fed baits with dye for 24 h when examined using bright field microscopy, although there was considerable variability in the marking produced; all sand flies that had ingested rhodamine B-treated sucrose solution were marked clearly. Sand flies that had ingested sucrose solution containing rhodamine B or uranine O at concentrations as low …

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Rapid Identification Of Oil-Contaminated Soils Using Visible Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Somsubhra Chakraborty, David C. Weindorf, Cristine L.S. Morgan, Yufeng Ge, John M. Galbraith, Bin Li, Charanjit S. Kahlon Jul 2010

Rapid Identification Of Oil-Contaminated Soils Using Visible Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Somsubhra Chakraborty, David C. Weindorf, Cristine L.S. Morgan, Yufeng Ge, John M. Galbraith, Bin Li, Charanjit S. Kahlon

Faculty Publications

In the United States, petroleum extraction, refinement, and transportation present countless opportunities for spillage mishaps. A method for rapid field appraisal and mapping of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils for environmental cleanup purposes would be useful. Visible near-infrared (VisNIR, 350-2500 nm) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a rapid, nondestructive, proximal-sensing technique that has proven adept at quantifying soil properties in situ. The objective of this study was to determine the prediction accuracy of VisNIR DRS in quantifying petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. Forty-six soil samples (including both contaminated and reference samples) were collected from six different parishes in Louisiana. Each soil sample …

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Host Behaviour And Exposure Risk In An Insect-Pathogen Interaction, Benjamin J. Parker, Bret D. Elderd, Greg Dwyer Jul 2010

Host Behaviour And Exposure Risk In An Insect-Pathogen Interaction, Benjamin J. Parker, Bret D. Elderd, Greg Dwyer

Faculty Publications

1. Studies of variability in host resistance to disease generally emphasize variability in susceptibility given exposure, neglecting the possibility that hosts may vary in behaviours that affect the risk of exposure. 2. In many insects, horizontal transmission of baculoviruses occurs when larvae consume foliage contaminated by the cadavers of virus-infected conspecific larvae; so, host behaviour may have a strong effect on the risk of infection. 3. We studied variability in the behaviour of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae, which are able to detect and avoid virus-contaminated foliage. 4. Our results show that detection ability can be affected by the family …

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Bending Nature, Bending Law, David Owen Jul 2010

Bending Nature, Bending Law, David Owen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Weeds In The Flower Garden: An Exploration Of Plagiarism In Graduate Students’ Research Proposals And Its Connection To Enculturation, Esl, And Contextual Factors, Joanna Gilmore, Denise Strickland, Briana Eileen Timmerman, Michelle Maher, David Feldon Jul 2010

Weeds In The Flower Garden: An Exploration Of Plagiarism In Graduate Students’ Research Proposals And Its Connection To Enculturation, Esl, And Contextual Factors, Joanna Gilmore, Denise Strickland, Briana Eileen Timmerman, Michelle Maher, David Feldon

Faculty Publications

Existing literature provides insight into the nature and extent of plagiarism amongst undergraduate students (e.g., Ellery, 2008; Parameswaran & Devi, 2006; Selwyn, 2008). Plagiarism amongst graduate students is relatively unstudied, however, and the existing data are largely based on self-reports. This study investigated the rates and potential causes of plagiarism amongst graduate students in master’s and doctoral programmes in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and science or mathematics education by examining actual research proposals written by graduate students. Results indicate that plagiarism is a prevalent issue at each of the three university sites sampled and across all of the investigated disciplines. …

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