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Transcription-Driven Dna Methylation Setting On The Mouse Peg3 Locus, Corey L. Bretz, Joomyeong Kim Nov 2017

Transcription-Driven Dna Methylation Setting On The Mouse Peg3 Locus, Corey L. Bretz, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The imprinting of the mouse Peg3 domain is controlled through the Peg3-DMR, which obtains its maternal-specific DNA methylation during oogenesis. In the current study, we deleted an oocyte-specific alternative promoter, termed U1, which is localized 20 kb upstream of the Peg3-DMR. Deletion of this alternative promoter resulted in complete removal of the maternal-specific DNA methylation on the Peg3-DMR. Consequently, the imprinted genes in the Peg3 domain become biallelic in the mutants with maternal transmission of the deletion. Expression levels of the imprinted genes were also affected in the mutants: 2-fold upregulation of Peg3 …

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Classifying And Predicting Occupational Incident Severity, Fatemeh Davoudi Kakhki, Steven Freeman, Gretchen Mosher Nov 2017

Classifying And Predicting Occupational Incident Severity, Fatemeh Davoudi Kakhki, Steven Freeman, Gretchen Mosher

Faculty Publications

The focus of the study is to build a predictive model and assess its performance in classifying the financial severity of occupational injuries in agribusiness bulk storage facilities (i.e. grain elevators). The data specifically look at food processing and feed milling operations within these facilities. The severity of occupational injuries is determined by the total dollar amount incurred on medical costs, indemnity costs and other expenses in workers’ compensation claims. The data is available from an agribusiness insurance provider in Midwest USA. First, the most important independent variables that affect the total cost of claims are extracted from the original …

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Efficient Identification Of Tanimoto Nearest Neighbors; All Pairs Similarity Search Using The Extended Jaccard Coefficient, David Anastasiu, George Karypis Nov 2017

Efficient Identification Of Tanimoto Nearest Neighbors; All Pairs Similarity Search Using The Extended Jaccard Coefficient, David Anastasiu, George Karypis

Faculty Publications

Tanimoto, or extended Jaccard, is an important similarity measure which has seen prominent use in fields such as data mining and chemoinformatics. Many of the existing state-of-the-art methods for market basket analysis, plagiarism and anomaly detection, compound database search, and ligand-based virtual screening rely heavily on identifying Tanimoto nearest neighbors. Given the rapidly increasing size of data that must be analyzed, new algorithms are needed that can speed up nearest neighbor search, while at the same time providing reliable results. While many search algorithms address the complexity of the task by retrieving only some of the nearest neighbors, we propose …

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Structural Basis Of Antifreeze Activity Of A Bacterial Multi-Domain Antifreeze Protein, Chen Wang, Svetlana Pakhomova, Marcia E. Newcomer, Brent C. Christner, Bing Hao Luo Nov 2017

Structural Basis Of Antifreeze Activity Of A Bacterial Multi-Domain Antifreeze Protein, Chen Wang, Svetlana Pakhomova, Marcia E. Newcomer, Brent C. Christner, Bing Hao Luo

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) enhance the survival of organisms inhabiting cold environments by affecting the formation and/or structure of ice. We report the crystal structure of the first multi-domain AFP that has been characterized. The two ice binding domains are structurally similar. Each consists of an irregular β-helix with a triangular cross-section and a long α-helix that runs parallel on one side …

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Diversity Of Arthropods In Farmed Wetlands In The Gulf Of Mexico Coastal Plain And Effects Of Detrital Subsidies, Nathan Mercer, Michael D. Kaller, Michael J. Stout Nov 2017

Diversity Of Arthropods In Farmed Wetlands In The Gulf Of Mexico Coastal Plain And Effects Of Detrital Subsidies, Nathan Mercer, Michael D. Kaller, Michael J. Stout

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Author(s). Wetland acreage has declined continentally in the USA. With the loss of natural wetlands, farmed wetlands may be a surrogate for natural wetlands. Seasonally, flooded rice fields are commonly managed wetlands on the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain. This study had two objectives: (1) catalog arthropod diversity in rice fields; (2) investigate if detrital subsidies could elicit trophic cascades that reduce nuisance organisms. In 2013 and 2014, experimental rice plots were established, and detritus was applied to half of the plots in each year. Floating pitfall traps, aquatic D-net sweeping, Gee crawfish traps and root/sediment corers …

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Cysteines And N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved Among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion In Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection, Paul J.F. Rider, Misagh Naderi, Scott Bergeron, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Nov 2017

Cysteines And N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved Among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion In Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection, Paul J.F. Rider, Misagh Naderi, Scott Bergeron, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society for Microbiology. Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion …

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Habitat Association Predicts Genetic Diversity And Population Divergence In Amazonian Birds, Michael G. Harvey, Alexandre Aleixo, Camila C. Ribas, Robb T. Brumfield Nov 2017

Habitat Association Predicts Genetic Diversity And Population Divergence In Amazonian Birds, Michael G. Harvey, Alexandre Aleixo, Camila C. Ribas, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2017 by The University of Chicago. The ecological traits of organisms may predict their genetic diversity and population genetic structure and mediate the action of evolutionary processes important for speciation and adaptation. Making these ecological-evolutionary links is difficult because it requires comparable genetic estimates from many species with differing ecologies. In Amazonian birds, habitat association is an important component of ecological diversity. Here, we examine the link between habitat association and genetic parameters using 20 pairs of closely related Amazonian bird species in which one member of the pair occurs primarily in forest edge and floodplains and the other …

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Cysteines And N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved Among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion In Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection, Paul J.F. Rider, Misagh Naderi, Scott Bergeron, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Nov 2017

Cysteines And N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved Among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion In Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection, Paul J.F. Rider, Misagh Naderi, Scott Bergeron, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society for Microbiology. Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion …

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Prolonged Viral Replication And Longitudinal Viral Dynamic Differences Among Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infected Infants, Monica E. Brint, Joshua M. Hughes, Aditya Shah, Chelsea R. Miller, Lisa G. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Meals, Jacqueline Blanch, Charlotte R. Thompson, Stephania A. Cormier, John P. Devincenzo Nov 2017

Prolonged Viral Replication And Longitudinal Viral Dynamic Differences Among Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infected Infants, Monica E. Brint, Joshua M. Hughes, Aditya Shah, Chelsea R. Miller, Lisa G. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Meals, Jacqueline Blanch, Charlotte R. Thompson, Stephania A. Cormier, John P. Devincenzo

Faculty Publications

© 2017 2017 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. BackgroundLongitudinal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) dynamics have not been well studied despite the existence of factors favoring prolonged RSV replication including high mutation rates allowing rapid evolution and potential escape from immune control. We therefore measured viral load in previously RSV-naive infants over prolonged time spans.MethodsDuring 2014-2015, quantitative nasal aspirates were collected from 51 RSV-PCR+ infants. Multiple parallel assessments of viral loads were quantified at each collected time point using a well-validated real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. After observing viral load rebound phenomenon in some infants, the viral dynamics …

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Internode Morphometrics And Allometry Of Tonkin Cane Pseudosasa Amabilis, Liang Cheng, Cang Hui, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Yu Long Ding, Pei Jian Shi Nov 2017

Internode Morphometrics And Allometry Of Tonkin Cane Pseudosasa Amabilis, Liang Cheng, Cang Hui, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Yu Long Ding, Pei Jian Shi

Faculty Publications

Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) (Poales: Gramineae) is a typical bamboo species naturally distributed in large area of south China and famous for its culm strength. Although bamboos were found to share the same development rule, the detailed internode morphology of bamboo culm was actually not fully expressed. We explored internode morphology of P. amabilis using 11 different physical parameters in different dimensions (1–4). As Taylor's power law (TPL) is generally applicable to describe relationship between mean and variance of population density, here we used TPL to evaluate the differences between internodes, and further, the relationship between dimension and TPL. Results showed …

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Arthropod Development’S Response To Temperature: A Review And New Software For Modeling, Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini, Yaghoub Fathipour, Gadi V.P. Reddy Nov 2017

Arthropod Development’S Response To Temperature: A Review And New Software For Modeling, Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini, Yaghoub Fathipour, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Among environmental factors, temperature has a direct and crucial influence on the key life processes of survival, development, reproduction, and movement of poikilothermic animals and hence their population dynamics. The lower and upper temperature thresholds and optimal temperature have ramifications for all major life processes, where within a specific range, a temperature change results in a proportional rise or fall of the rate of any given process. There are some basic approaches for modeling development response to temperature in arthropods. The oldest and most widely used model is a simple linear description of arthropod development in relation to temperature.The linear …

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Comparison Of Thermal Performance Equations In Describing Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates Of Insects: (Iii) Phenological Applications, Pei Jian Shi, Mei Ling Fan, Gadi V.P. Reddy Nov 2017

Comparison Of Thermal Performance Equations In Describing Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates Of Insects: (Iii) Phenological Applications, Pei Jian Shi, Mei Ling Fan, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

The developmental times of poikilotherms at different stages are significantly affected by temperature. Most mathematical models describing the temperature-dependent developmental rates of poikilotherms are built according to the experimental data at various constant temperatures. However, these models can also be applied to the developmental rates at variable temperatures. It is more meaningful to use models to predict the occurrence times of pest insects that actually represent the completion for a particular developmental stage (e.g., hatching, pupation, eclosion) under a natural thermal environment. For some developmental stages, insects might experience a period of high temperatures. In this case, skewed bell-shaped nonlinear …

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The Stadium Effect: Rodent Damage Patterns In Rice Fields Explored Using Giving-Up Densities, Clare R. Jones, Renee P. Lorica, James M. Villegas, Angelee F. Ramal, Finbarr G. Horgan, Grant R. Singleton, Alexander M. Stuart Nov 2017

The Stadium Effect: Rodent Damage Patterns In Rice Fields Explored Using Giving-Up Densities, Clare R. Jones, Renee P. Lorica, James M. Villegas, Angelee F. Ramal, Finbarr G. Horgan, Grant R. Singleton, Alexander M. Stuart

Faculty Publications

Rodents are globally important pre-harvest pests of rice. In Southeast Asia, rodent damage to growing rice crops is commonly concentrated towards the center of rice fields, away from the field edge, resulting in a clear pattern known as the “stadium effect.” To further understand this behavior of rodent pests and to develop recommendations for future research and management, we examined the relation between giving-up densities (GUDs) and damage patterns. In Tanay, Luzon, Philippines, GUD trays containing pieces of coconut in a matrix of sand were placed at 4 different distances from the field edge to quantify the perceived risk of …

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Molecular Systematics Of Targeted Flat Sedges (Cyperus, Cyperaceae) Of The Americas, Christopher S. Reid, Vinson P. Doyle, J. Richard Carter, Yalma Vargas-Rodriguez, Lowell E. Urbatsch Nov 2017

Molecular Systematics Of Targeted Flat Sedges (Cyperus, Cyperaceae) Of The Americas, Christopher S. Reid, Vinson P. Doyle, J. Richard Carter, Yalma Vargas-Rodriguez, Lowell E. Urbatsch

Faculty Publications

Background and aims – Cyperus is a large, ecologically diverse, and important sedge genus. Recent systematic work resolved problems with generic delimitation and implicated C4 photosynthesis as a possible key innovation spurring diversification. Our research addressed several systematic, taxonomic, and biogeographic questions at the levels of species, species groups, and taxonomic sections. By targeting American taxa, this work helped fill a geographic sampling gap. Methods – Phylogenetic relationships of 121 ingroup samples representing 93 taxa were inferred using both Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches in a multi-locus framework with nucleotide data from nuclear ITS, and plastid markers matK, ndhF, rpl32-trnL(UAG), …

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Admixture Mapping In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos Reveals Regions Of Genetic Associations With Blood Pressure Traits, Tamar Sofer, Leslie J. Baier, Sharon R. Browning, Timothy A. Thornton, Gregory A. Talavera, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Martha L. Daviglus, Robert Hanson, Sayuko Kobes, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Daniel Levy, Alex P. Reiner, Nora Franceschini Nov 2017

Admixture Mapping In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos Reveals Regions Of Genetic Associations With Blood Pressure Traits, Tamar Sofer, Leslie J. Baier, Sharon R. Browning, Timothy A. Thornton, Gregory A. Talavera, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Martha L. Daviglus, Robert Hanson, Sayuko Kobes, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Daniel Levy, Alex P. Reiner, Nora Franceschini

Faculty Publications

Admixture mapping can be used to detect genetic association regions in admixed populations, such as Hispanics/Latinos, by estimating associations between local ancestry allele counts and the trait of interest. We performed admixture mapping of the blood pressure traits systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP), in a dataset of 12,116 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Hispanics/Latinos have three predominant ancestral populations (European, African, and Amerindian), for each of which we separately tested local ancestry intervals across the genome. We identified four regions that were significantly associated with …

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Unravelling The Relative Contribution Of Dissolved Carbon By The Red River To The Atchafalaya River, Yi Jun Xu, Emily Marie Delduco Nov 2017

Unravelling The Relative Contribution Of Dissolved Carbon By The Red River To The Atchafalaya River, Yi Jun Xu, Emily Marie Delduco

Faculty Publications

The Atchafalaya River (AR), North America's largest swamp river, annually discharges a large volume of freshwater (nearly 200 km3), delivering ~25% of the Mississippi River's (MR) flow and the entire Red River's (RR) flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Studies have reported higher levels of organic carbon in the AR's outlets compared to the MR's outlet, raising questions about local carbon sources. In this study, we investigated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inputs into the AR from the RR and MR using DOC and DIC concentrations, mass loading, and isotopic signature (δ13C) analyses. Monthly river water …

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Hybridization Between Mottled Ducks (Anas Fulvigula Maculosa) And Mallards (A. Platyrhynchos) In The Western Gulf Coast Region, Robert J. Ford, Will Selman, Sabrina S. Taylor Nov 2017

Hybridization Between Mottled Ducks (Anas Fulvigula Maculosa) And Mallards (A. Platyrhynchos) In The Western Gulf Coast Region, Robert J. Ford, Will Selman, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Hybridization between species that do not normally interbreed has increased due to human impacts on natural environments, such as habitat alteration or introductions of nonnative species. In particular, the introduction of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) globally has led to hybridization with many duck species. In the southeastern United States, hybridization with Mallards is a potential threat to the genetic identity of Mottled Ducks (A. fulvigula), a nonmigratory, coastal duck species. Hybridization between Mallards and Mottled Ducks has been examined in South Carolina and Florida, but not extensively in the remaining part of the Mottled Duck range. Mottled Ducks introduced into South …

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Special Issue Of Applied Mechanics Reviews In Collaboration With The Journal Of Tribology, Harry Dankowicz, Michael Khonsari Nov 2017

Special Issue Of Applied Mechanics Reviews In Collaboration With The Journal Of Tribology, Harry Dankowicz, Michael Khonsari

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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A Communal Catalogue Reveals Earth's Multiscale Microbial Diversity, Luke R. Thompson, Jon G. Sanders, Daniel Mcdonald, Amnon Amir, Joshua Ladau, Kenneth J. Locey, Robert J. Prill, Anupriya Tripathi, Sean M. Gibbons, Gail Ackermann, Jose A. Navas-Molina, Stefan Janssen, Evguenia Kopylova, Yoshiki Vazquez-Baeza, Antonio Gonzalez, James T. Morton, Siavash Mirarab, Zhenjiang Zech Xu, Lingjing Jiang, Mohamed F. Haroon, Jad Kanbar, Qiyun Zhu, Se Jin Song, Tomasz Kosciolek, Nicholas A. Bokulich, Joshua Lefler, Colin J. Brislawn, Gregory Humphrey, Sarah M. Owens, Jarrad Hampton-Marcell, Donna Berg-Lyons, Valerie Mckenzie, Noah Fierer, Jed A. Fuhrman, Aaron Clauset, Rick L. Stevens, Ashley Shade, Katherine S. Pollard, Kelly D. Goodwin, Janet K. Jansson, Jack A. Gilbert, Rob Knight, The Earth Microbiome Project Consortium Nov 2017

A Communal Catalogue Reveals Earth's Multiscale Microbial Diversity, Luke R. Thompson, Jon G. Sanders, Daniel Mcdonald, Amnon Amir, Joshua Ladau, Kenneth J. Locey, Robert J. Prill, Anupriya Tripathi, Sean M. Gibbons, Gail Ackermann, Jose A. Navas-Molina, Stefan Janssen, Evguenia Kopylova, Yoshiki Vazquez-Baeza, Antonio Gonzalez, James T. Morton, Siavash Mirarab, Zhenjiang Zech Xu, Lingjing Jiang, Mohamed F. Haroon, Jad Kanbar, Qiyun Zhu, Se Jin Song, Tomasz Kosciolek, Nicholas A. Bokulich, Joshua Lefler, Colin J. Brislawn, Gregory Humphrey, Sarah M. Owens, Jarrad Hampton-Marcell, Donna Berg-Lyons, Valerie Mckenzie, Noah Fierer, Jed A. Fuhrman, Aaron Clauset, Rick L. Stevens, Ashley Shade, Katherine S. Pollard, Kelly D. Goodwin, Janet K. Jansson, Jack A. Gilbert, Rob Knight, The Earth Microbiome Project Consortium

Faculty Publications

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple …

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Screen Violence And Youth Behavior, Craig Anderson, Brad J. Bushman, Bruce D. Bartholow, Joanne Cantor, Dimitri Christakis, Sarah Coyne, Edward Dnonnerstein, Jeanne Funk Brockmyer, Douglas A. Gentile, C. Shawn Green, Rowell Huesmann, Tom Hummer, Barbara Krahé, Victor C. Strasburger, Wayne Warburton, Barbara J. Wilson, Michelle Ybarra Nov 2017

Screen Violence And Youth Behavior, Craig Anderson, Brad J. Bushman, Bruce D. Bartholow, Joanne Cantor, Dimitri Christakis, Sarah Coyne, Edward Dnonnerstein, Jeanne Funk Brockmyer, Douglas A. Gentile, C. Shawn Green, Rowell Huesmann, Tom Hummer, Barbara Krahé, Victor C. Strasburger, Wayne Warburton, Barbara J. Wilson, Michelle Ybarra

Faculty Publications

Violence in screen entertainment media (ie, television, film, video games, and the Internet), defined as depictions of characters (or players) trying to physically harm other characters (or players), is ubiquitous. The Workgroup on Media Violence and Violent Video Games reviewed numerous meta-analyses and other relevant research from the past 60 years, with an emphasis on violent video game research. Consistent with every major science organization review, the Workgroup found compelling evidence of short-term harmful effects, as well as evidence of long-term harmful effects. The vast majority of laboratory-based experimental studies have revealed that violent media exposure causes increased aggressive thoughts, …

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Combating Subclonal Evolution Of Resistant Cancer Phenotypes, Samuel W. Brady, Jasmine A. Mcquerry, Yi Qiao, Stephen Piccolo, Gajendra Shrestha, David F. Jenkins, Ryan M. Layer, Brent S. Pedersen, Ryan H. Miller, Amanda Esch, Sara R. Selitsky, Joel S. Parker, Layla A. Anderson, Brian K. Dalley, Rachel E. Factor, Chakravarthy B. Reddy, Jonathan P. Boltax, Dean Li, Philip J. Moos, Joe W. Gray, Laura M. Heiser, Saundra S. Buys, Adam L. Cohen, W. Evan Johnson, Aaron R. Quinlan, Gabor Marth, Theresa L. Werner, Andrea H. Bild Nov 2017

Combating Subclonal Evolution Of Resistant Cancer Phenotypes, Samuel W. Brady, Jasmine A. Mcquerry, Yi Qiao, Stephen Piccolo, Gajendra Shrestha, David F. Jenkins, Ryan M. Layer, Brent S. Pedersen, Ryan H. Miller, Amanda Esch, Sara R. Selitsky, Joel S. Parker, Layla A. Anderson, Brian K. Dalley, Rachel E. Factor, Chakravarthy B. Reddy, Jonathan P. Boltax, Dean Li, Philip J. Moos, Joe W. Gray, Laura M. Heiser, Saundra S. Buys, Adam L. Cohen, W. Evan Johnson, Aaron R. Quinlan, Gabor Marth, Theresa L. Werner, Andrea H. Bild

Faculty Publications

Metastatic breast cancer remains challenging to treat, and most patients ultimately progress on therapy. This acquired drug resistance is largely due to drug-refractory sub-populations (subclones) within heterogeneous tumors. Here, we track the genetic and phenotypic subclonal evolution of four breast cancers through years of treatment to better understand how breast cancers become drug-resistant. Recurrently appearing post-chemotherapy mutations are rare. However, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal acquisition of malignant phenotypes after treatment, including enhanced mesenchymal and growth factor signaling, which may promote drug resistance, and decreased antigen presentation and TNF-α signaling, which may enable immune system avoidance. Some of these …

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The Stringent Response Induced By Phosphate Limitation Promotes Purine Salvage In Agrobacterium Fabrum, Smitha Sivapragasam, Dinesh K. Deochand, Jacob K. Meariman, Anne Grove Oct 2017

The Stringent Response Induced By Phosphate Limitation Promotes Purine Salvage In Agrobacterium Fabrum, Smitha Sivapragasam, Dinesh K. Deochand, Jacob K. Meariman, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Chemical Society. Agrobacterium fabrum induces tumor growth in susceptible plant species. The upregulation of virulence genes that occurs when the bacterium senses plant-derived compounds is enhanced by acidic pH and limiting inorganic phosphate. Nutrient starvation may also trigger the stringent response, and purine salvage is among the pathways expected to be favored under such conditions. We show here that phosphate limitation induces the stringent response, as evidenced by production of (p)ppGpp, and that the xdhCSML operon encoding the purine salvage enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase is upregulated ∼15-fold. The xdhCSML operon is under control of the TetR family transcription …

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Why Does It Take Two To Tango? Lifetime Fitness Consequences Of Parental Care In A Burying Beetle, Ashlee N. Smith, J. Curtis Creighton, Mark C. Belk Oct 2017

Why Does It Take Two To Tango? Lifetime Fitness Consequences Of Parental Care In A Burying Beetle, Ashlee N. Smith, J. Curtis Creighton, Mark C. Belk

Faculty Publications

In species that require parental care, each parent can either care for their offspring or leave them in the care of the other parent. For each parent this creates three possible parental care strategies: biparental care, uniparental (male or female) care, and uniparental desertion by either the male or female. The burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, typically exhibits biparental care of offspring, and thus provides a unique system that allows us to compare the fitness benefits of these parental care strategies in an unconfounded way. In this study, we assess the lifetime fitness of biparental care, uniparental care, and uniparental …

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The Saharan Air Layer As An Early Rainfall Season Suppressant In The Eastern Caribbean: The 2015 Puerto Rico Drought, Thomas L. Mote, Craig A. Ramseyer, Paul W. Miller Oct 2017

The Saharan Air Layer As An Early Rainfall Season Suppressant In The Eastern Caribbean: The 2015 Puerto Rico Drought, Thomas L. Mote, Craig A. Ramseyer, Paul W. Miller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Swainson's Thrushes Do Not Show Strong Wing Selectivity Prior To Crossing The Gulf Of Mexico, Rachel T. Bolus, Robert H. Diehl, Frank R. Moore, Jill L. Deppe, Michael P. Ward, Jaclyn Smolinsky, Theodore J. Zenzal Jr. Oct 2017

Swainson's Thrushes Do Not Show Strong Wing Selectivity Prior To Crossing The Gulf Of Mexico, Rachel T. Bolus, Robert H. Diehl, Frank R. Moore, Jill L. Deppe, Michael P. Ward, Jaclyn Smolinsky, Theodore J. Zenzal Jr.

Faculty Publications

During long-distance fall migrations, nocturnally migrating Swainson’s Thrushes often stop on the northern Gulf of Mexico coast before flying across the Gulf. To minimize energetic costs, trans-Gulf migrants should stop over when they encounter crosswinds or headwinds, and depart with supportive tailwinds. However, time constrained migrants should be less selective, balancing costs of headwinds with benefits of continuing their migrations. To test the hypotheses that birds select supportive winds and that selectivity is mediated by seasonal time constraints, we examined whether local winds affected Swainson’s Thrushes’ arrival and departure at Ft. Morgan, Alabama, USA at annual, seasonal, and nightly time …

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Introducing Virtual Representation, Thomas Simmons Oct 2017

Introducing Virtual Representation, Thomas Simmons

Faculty Publications

The general rule that a person cannot be bound by an agreement or decree unless she received notice encounters practical difficulties where a person is missing, incompetent, a minor, unascertained, or even unborn. All beneficiaries are necessary parties in a trust proceeding. But short of appointing a guardian ad litem to represent persons who are difficult to notice, uncertainty and inefficiencies would be encountered were it not for the doctrine of virtual representation. Under the doctrine of virtual representation, persons - even if not yet in existence - can be held to be parties to a proceeding or an agreement …

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Ultrafast And Nonlinear Spectroscopy Of Brilliant Green-Based Nanogumbos With Enhanced Near-Infrared Emission, Tony E. Karam, Noureen Siraj, Zhenyu Zhang, Abdulrahman F. Ezzir, Isiah M. Warner, Louis H. Haber Oct 2017

Ultrafast And Nonlinear Spectroscopy Of Brilliant Green-Based Nanogumbos With Enhanced Near-Infrared Emission, Tony E. Karam, Noureen Siraj, Zhenyu Zhang, Abdulrahman F. Ezzir, Isiah M. Warner, Louis H. Haber

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Author(s). The synthesis, characterization, ultrafast dynamics, and nonlinear spectroscopy of 30 nm nanospheres of brilliant green-bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ([BG][BETI]) in water are reported. These thermally stable nanoparticles are derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (nanoGUMBOS) that exhibit enhanced near-infrared emission compared with the molecular dye in water. The examination of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy results reveals that the overall excited-state relaxation lifetimes of [BG][BETI] nanoGUMBOS are longer than the brilliant green molecular dye in water due to steric hindrance of the torsional degrees of freedom of the phenyl rings around the central carbon. Furthermore, the …

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Climatic History Of The Northeastern United States During The Past 3000 Years, Jennifer R. Marlon, Neil Pederson, Connor Nolan, Simon Goring, Bryan Shuman, Ann Robertson, Robert Booth, Patrick J. Bartlein, Melissa A. Berke, Michael Clifford, Edward Cook, Ann Dieffenbacher-Krall, Michael C. Dietze, Amy Hessl, J. Bradford Hubeny, Stephen T. Jackson, Jeremiah Marsicek, Jason Mclachlan, Cary J. Mock, David J.P. Moore, Jonathan Nichols, Dorothy Peteet, Kevin Schaefer, Valerie Trouet, Charles Umbanhowar, John W. Williams, Zicheng Yu Oct 2017

Climatic History Of The Northeastern United States During The Past 3000 Years, Jennifer R. Marlon, Neil Pederson, Connor Nolan, Simon Goring, Bryan Shuman, Ann Robertson, Robert Booth, Patrick J. Bartlein, Melissa A. Berke, Michael Clifford, Edward Cook, Ann Dieffenbacher-Krall, Michael C. Dietze, Amy Hessl, J. Bradford Hubeny, Stephen T. Jackson, Jeremiah Marsicek, Jason Mclachlan, Cary J. Mock, David J.P. Moore, Jonathan Nichols, Dorothy Peteet, Kevin Schaefer, Valerie Trouet, Charles Umbanhowar, John W. Williams, Zicheng Yu

Faculty Publications

Many ecosystem processes that influence Earth system feedbacks - vegetation growth, water and nutrient cycling, disturbance regimes - are strongly influenced by multidecadal- to millennial-scale climate variations that cannot be directly observed. Paleoclimate records provide information about these variations, forming the basis of our understanding and modeling of them. Fossil pollen records are abundant in the NE US, but cannot simultaneously provide information about paleoclimate and past vegetation in a modeling context because this leads to circular logic. If pollen data are used to constrain past vegetation changes, then the remaining paleoclimate archives in the northeastern US (NE US) are …

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The Aspergillus Flavus Homeobox Gene, Hbx1, Is Required For Development And Aflatoxin Production, Jeffrey W. Cary, Pamela Y. Harris-Coward, Leslie Scharfenstein, Brian M. Mack, Perng-Kuang Chang, Qijian Wei, Matthew Lebar, Carol Carter-Wientjes, Rajtilak Majumdar, Chandrani Mitra, Sourav Banerjee, Anindya Chanda Oct 2017

The Aspergillus Flavus Homeobox Gene, Hbx1, Is Required For Development And Aflatoxin Production, Jeffrey W. Cary, Pamela Y. Harris-Coward, Leslie Scharfenstein, Brian M. Mack, Perng-Kuang Chang, Qijian Wei, Matthew Lebar, Carol Carter-Wientjes, Rajtilak Majumdar, Chandrani Mitra, Sourav Banerjee, Anindya Chanda

Faculty Publications

Homeobox proteins, a class of well conserved transcription factors, regulate the expression of targeted genes, especially those involved in development. In filamentous fungi, homeobox genes are required for normal conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. In the present study, we identified eight homeobox (hbx) genes in the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus, and determined their respective role in growth, conidiation and sclerotial production. Disruption of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development. However, disruption of the homeobox gene AFLA_069100, designated as hbx1, in two morphologically different A. flavus strains, CA14 and AF70, resulted in …

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Exopolysaccharides Regulate Calcium Flow In Cariogenic Biofilms, Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Muth M. Varenganayil, Alan W. Decho, Tuomas Waltimo, Olivier Braissant Oct 2017

Exopolysaccharides Regulate Calcium Flow In Cariogenic Biofilms, Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Muth M. Varenganayil, Alan W. Decho, Tuomas Waltimo, Olivier Braissant

Faculty Publications

Caries-associated biofilms induce loss of calcium from tooth surfaces in the presence of dietary carbohydrates. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a matrix scaffold and an abundance of primary binding sites within biofilms. The role of EPS in binding calcium in cariogenic biofilms is only partially understood. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the calcium dissolution rates and calcium tolerance of caries-associated bacteria and yeast as well as to examine the properties of EPS to quantify its binding affinity for dissolved calcium. Calcium dissolution was measured by dissolution zones on Pikovskaya’s agar. Calcium tolerance was assessed …

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