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Time Series Measurements Of Chlorophyll Fluorescence In The Oceanic Bottom Boundary Layer With A Multisensor Fiber-Optic Fluorometer, E.J. D'Sa, S.E. Lohrenz, V.L. Asper, R.A. Walters Jan 1997

Time Series Measurements Of Chlorophyll Fluorescence In The Oceanic Bottom Boundary Layer With A Multisensor Fiber-Optic Fluorometer, E.J. D'Sa, S.E. Lohrenz, V.L. Asper, R.A. Walters

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Reasonable Accommodations And Awkward Compromises: Issues Concerning Learning Disabled Students And Professional Schools In The Law School Context, Lisa A. Eichhorn Jan 1997

Reasonable Accommodations And Awkward Compromises: Issues Concerning Learning Disabled Students And Professional Schools In The Law School Context, Lisa A. Eichhorn

Faculty Publications

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, colleges and universities are prohibited from discriminating against qualified students with learning disabilities and must reasonably accommodate such disabilities so that students have a genuine opportunity to complete academic programs successfully. Not surprisingly, just like their non-disabled peers, a number of learning disabled college graduates are choosing to enter professions such as law and medicine. Their entry into professional schools has raised a number of legal issues concerning their qualification to matriculate, their need for accommodations, and their eventual ability to practice successfully. …

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Legitimacy And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard Jan 1997

Legitimacy And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard

Faculty Publications

The fundamental question this Article addresses is who should be primarily responsible for making patent validity determinations: the courts5 or the Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”)?6 Which entity *517 would best serve the constitutional goal of promoting the progress of the useful arts?

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Cloning And Overexpression Of Two Cdnas Encoding The Low-Co2-Inducible Chloroplast Envelope Protein Lip-36 From Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Zhi Yuan Chen, Lara L. Lavigne, Catherine B. Mason, James V. Moroney Jan 1997

Cloning And Overexpression Of Two Cdnas Encoding The Low-Co2-Inducible Chloroplast Envelope Protein Lip-36 From Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Zhi Yuan Chen, Lara L. Lavigne, Catherine B. Mason, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, grows photoautotrophically at very low concentrations of inorganic carbon due to the presence of an inducible CO2-concentrating mechanism. During the induction of the CO2-concentrating mechanism at low-CO2 growth conditions, at least five polypeptides that are either absent or present in low amounts in cells grown on high-CO2 concentrations are induced. One of these induced polypeptides with a molecular mass of 36 kD, LIP-36, has been localized to the chloroplast envelope. The protein was purified and the partial internal amino acid sequences were obtained through lys-C digestion. Two cDNAs encoding LIP-36 have been cloned using …

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The Human Homolog Of A Mouse-Imprinted Gene, Peg3, Maps To A Zinc Finger Gene-Rich Region Of Human Chromosome 19q13.4, J. Kim, L. Ashworth, E. Branscomb, L. Stubbs Jan 1997

The Human Homolog Of A Mouse-Imprinted Gene, Peg3, Maps To A Zinc Finger Gene-Rich Region Of Human Chromosome 19q13.4, J. Kim, L. Ashworth, E. Branscomb, L. Stubbs

Faculty Publications

Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) is the first imprinted gene detected in the proximal region of mouse chromosome 7. Because imprinting is a trait that is generally conserved among mammals, and imprinted domains generally encompass several adjacent genes, expression patterns and chromosomal environment of the human counterpart of Peg3 are of special interest. In this study we have localized human PEG3 ~ 2 Mb proximal of the telomere of chromosome 19q, within a region known to carry large numbers of tandemly clustered Kruppel-type zinc finger-containing (ZNF) genes. Peg3 also encodes a Kruppel-type ZNF protein but one that is distinguished from …

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The Scs' Boundary Element: Characterization Of Boundary Element- Associated Factors, Craig M. Hart, Keji Zhao, Ulrich K. Laemmli Jan 1997

The Scs' Boundary Element: Characterization Of Boundary Element- Associated Factors, Craig M. Hart, Keji Zhao, Ulrich K. Laemmli

Faculty Publications

Boundary elements are thought to define the peripheries of chromatin domains and to restrict enhancer-promoter interactions to their target genes within their domains. We previously characterized a cDNA encoding the BEAF- 32A protein (32A), which hinds with high affinity to the scs' boundary element from the Drosophila melanogaster 87A7 hsp70 locus. Here, we report a second protein, BEAF-32B, that differs from 32A only in its amino terminus. Unlike 32A, it has the same DNA binding specificity as the complete BEAF activity affinity purified from Drosophila. We characterize three domains in these proteins. Heterocomplex formation is mediated by their identical carboxy-terminal …

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On “Buried Epistemologies: The Politics Of Nature In (Post) Colonial British Columbia”: On Excavating And Burying Epistemologies, Andrew Sluyter Jan 1997

On “Buried Epistemologies: The Politics Of Nature In (Post) Colonial British Columbia”: On Excavating And Burying Epistemologies, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Regional, Holocene Records Of The Human Dimension Of Global Change: Sea-Level And Land-Use Change In Prehistoric Mexico, Andrew Sluyter Jan 1997

Regional, Holocene Records Of The Human Dimension Of Global Change: Sea-Level And Land-Use Change In Prehistoric Mexico, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

Regional, Holocene records hold particular relevance for understanding the reciprocal nature of global environmental change and one of its major human dimensions: "sustainable agriculture", i.e., food production strategies which entail fewer causes of and are less susceptible to environmental change. In an epoch of accelerating anthropogenic transformation, those records reveal the protracted regional causes and consequences of change (often agricultural) in the global system as well as informing models of prehistoric, intensive agriculture which, because of long tenures and high productivities, suggest strategies for sustainable agricultural in the present. This study employs physiographic analysis and the palynological, geochemical record from …

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein K Is Not Essential For Infectious Virus Production In Actively Replicating Cells But Is Required For Efficient Envelopment And Translocation Of Infectious Virions From The Cytoplasm To The Extracellular Space, Sukhanya Jayachandra, Abolghasem Baghian, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Jan 1997

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein K Is Not Essential For Infectious Virus Production In Actively Replicating Cells But Is Required For Efficient Envelopment And Translocation Of Infectious Virions From The Cytoplasm To The Extracellular Space, Sukhanya Jayachandra, Abolghasem Baghian, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

We characterized the glycoprotein K (gK)-null herpes simplex virus type 1 [HSV-1] (KOS) ΔgK and compared it to the gK-null virus HSV-1 F-gKβ (L. Hutchinson et al., J. Virol. 69:5401-5413, 1995). Δgk and F-gKβ mutant viruses produced small plaques on Vero cel monolayers at 48 h postinfection. F-gKβ caused extensive fusion of 143TK cells that was sensitive to melittin, a specific inhibitor of gK-induced cell fusion, while ΔgK virus did not fuse 143TK cells. A recombinant plasmid containing the truncated gK gene specified by F-gKβ failed to rescue the ICP27-null virus KOS (d27-1), while a plasmid with the ΔgK deletion …

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Development Of A Protein-Free Chemically Defined Culture Medium For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, J. F. La Peyre, M. Faisal Jan 1997

Development Of A Protein-Free Chemically Defined Culture Medium For The Propagation Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, J. F. La Peyre, M. Faisal

Faculty Publications

In the present study we describe a protein-free, chemically defined culture medium, designated JL-ODRP-3, which supports the propagation of Perkinsus marinus, a parasite of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. P. marinus adapted rapidly to the defined medium and the growth rate of the protozoan increased significantly following a few subcultures. Two isolates of P. marinus, one from the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia) and the other from the Gulf of Mexico (Texas) were cultured for at least ten passes. The doubling times for the isolates from Virginia and Texas, in log phase, were 18 ± 1.2 and 28.6 ± 3.2 hours respectively, …

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Transgenic Dairy Cattle: Genetic Engineering On A Large Scale, R. J. Wall, D. E. Kerr, K. R. Bondioli Jan 1997

Transgenic Dairy Cattle: Genetic Engineering On A Large Scale, R. J. Wall, D. E. Kerr, K. R. Bondioli

Faculty Publications

Amid the explosion of fundamental knowledge generated from transgenic animal models, a small group of scientists has been producing transgenic livestock with goals of improving animal production efficiency and generating new products. The ability to modify mammary-specific genes provides an opportunity to pursue several distinctly different avenues of research. The objective of the emerging gene "pharming" industry is to produce pharmaceuticals for treat-ing human diseases. It is argued that mammary glands are an ideal site for producing complex bioactive proteins that can be cost effectively harvested and purified. Consequently, during the past decade, approximately a dozen companies have been created …

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Modeling Human Evolution - To Tree Or Not To Tree?, Stephen T. Sherry, Mark A. Batzer Jan 1997

Modeling Human Evolution - To Tree Or Not To Tree?, Stephen T. Sherry, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Alu Insertion Polymorphisms And Human Evolution: Evidence For A Larger Population Size In Africa, Mark Stoneking, Jennifer J. Fontius, Stephanie L. Clifford, Himla Soodyall, Santosh S. Arcot, Nilmani Saha, Trefor Jenkins, Mohammad A. Tahir, Prescott L. Deininger, Mark A. Batzer Jan 1997

Alu Insertion Polymorphisms And Human Evolution: Evidence For A Larger Population Size In Africa, Mark Stoneking, Jennifer J. Fontius, Stephanie L. Clifford, Himla Soodyall, Santosh S. Arcot, Nilmani Saha, Trefor Jenkins, Mohammad A. Tahir, Prescott L. Deininger, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Alu insertion polymorphisms (polymorphisms consisting of the presence/absence of an Alu element at a particular chromosomal location) offer several advantages over other nuclear DNA polymorphisms for human evolution studies. First, they are typed by rapid, simple, PCR-based assays; second, they are stable polymorphisms-newly inserted Alu elements rarely undergo deletion; third, the presence of an Alu element represents identity by descent-the probability that different Alu elements would independently insert into the exact same chromosomal location is negligible; and fourth, the ancestral state is known with certainty to be the absence of an Alu element. We report here a study of 8 …

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Phytochrome Gene Diversity, S. Mathews, R. A. Sharrock Jan 1997

Phytochrome Gene Diversity, S. Mathews, R. A. Sharrock

Faculty Publications

The structures and functions of the phytochrome apoprotein genes (the PHY genes), their diversity across the plant kingdom, and their evolution are central concerns in the study of red-light sensing in plants. We summarize here recent advances in two areas relating to these topics: (1) the characteristics of the PHY gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana, the higher plant species for which the most extensive information on these genes is available, and (2) the similarity relationships, phylogeny, and evolutionary implications of PHY gene sequences and partial sequences which have been described from various plants. Together, these two areas of study, one …

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Information Capacity Of The Carbohydrate Code, Roger A. Laine Jan 1997

Information Capacity Of The Carbohydrate Code, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

Capacity for information in biological molecules is traditionally thought to reside in the primary sequence of proteins and RNA, recorded in the DNA. With the exception of some RNA molecules, proteins, if not structural, carry their information in binding sites for substrates of reactions, or in binding sites for control molecules. Some proteins bind to complex carbohydrates in a carbohydrate-specific fashion, including enzymes, lectins and antibodies. These carbohydrates, assembled by sequential glycosyl transferases, also carry biological information, the other side of which is a binding protein that recognizes a specific sugar monosaccharides, sequence, anomerity, linkage, ring size, branching and substitution. …

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Regulation Of Root-Associated Methanotrophy By Oxygen Availability In The Rhizosphere Of Two Aquatic Macrophytes, Aram Calhoun, Gary M. King Jan 1997

Regulation Of Root-Associated Methanotrophy By Oxygen Availability In The Rhizosphere Of Two Aquatic Macrophytes, Aram Calhoun, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

The relative importance of oxygen for root-associated methanotrophy was examined by using sediment-free, intact freshwater marsh plants (Pontederia cordata and Sparganium eurycarpum) incubated in split chambers. The root medium contained approximately 100 μM methane. Methane oxidation was calculated from the difference between methane loss from chambers in the presence and absence of 1 mM 1-allyl-2-thiourea, a methanotrophic inhibitor. When the root medium was oxic, methane oxidation accounted for 88 and 63% of the total methane depletion for S. eurycarpum and P. cordata, respectively; the remainder represented diffusional loss to the atmosphere via roots, stems, and leaves. Under suboxic conditions, methane …

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The Prevalence Of Hypertension In Seven Populations Of West African Origin, Richard Cooper, Charles Rotimi, Susan Ataman, Daniel Mcgee, Babatunde Osotimehin, Solomon Kadiri, Walinjom Muna, Samuel Kingue, Henry Fraser, Terrence Forrester, Franklyn Bennett, Rainford Wilks Jan 1997

The Prevalence Of Hypertension In Seven Populations Of West African Origin, Richard Cooper, Charles Rotimi, Susan Ataman, Daniel Mcgee, Babatunde Osotimehin, Solomon Kadiri, Walinjom Muna, Samuel Kingue, Henry Fraser, Terrence Forrester, Franklyn Bennett, Rainford Wilks

Faculty Publications

Objectives. This study was undertaken to describe the distribution of blood pressures, hypertension prevalence, and associated risk factors among seven populations of West African origin. Methods. The rates of hypertension in West Africa (Nigeria and Cameroon), the Caribbean (Jamaica, St. Lucia, Barbados), and the United States (metropolitan Chicago, Illinois) were compared on the basis of a highly standardized collaborative protocol. After researchers were given central training in survey methods, population-based samples of 800 to 2500 adults over the age of 25 were examined in seven sites, yielding a total sample of 10 014. Results. A consistent gradient of hypertension prevalence …

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Three-Species Monomer-Monomer Model: A Mean-Field Analysis And Monte Carlo Study, Kevin E. Bassler, Dana A. Browne Jan 1997

Three-Species Monomer-Monomer Model: A Mean-Field Analysis And Monte Carlo Study, Kevin E. Bassler, Dana A. Browne

Faculty Publications

We study the phase diagram and critical behavior of a one-dimensional three-species monomer-monomer catalytic surface reaction model. Static Monte Carlo simulations are used to roughly map out the phase diagram consisting of a reactive steady state bordered by three equivalent unreactive phases where the surface is saturated with one monomer species. The transitions from the reactive phase are all continuous, while the transitions between poisoned phases are first order. Of particular interest are the bicritical points where the reactive phase simultaneously meets two poisoned phases. A mean-field cluster analysis fails to predict all of the qualitative features of the phase …

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Mean-Field Analysis And Monte Carlo Study Of An Interacting Two-Species Reaction Model, K. S. Brown, K. E. Bassler, D. A. Browne Jan 1997

Mean-Field Analysis And Monte Carlo Study Of An Interacting Two-Species Reaction Model, K. S. Brown, K. E. Bassler, D. A. Browne

Faculty Publications

We study the phase diagram and critical behavior of an interacting one-dimensional two-species monomer-monomer catalytic surface reaction model with a reactive phase as well as two equivalent adsorbing phases where one of the species saturates the system. The model depends on two parameters: the relative adsorption rates of the two species and a repulsive interaction between like neighbors. A mean-field analysis including correlations up to triplets of sites fails to reproduce the phase diagram found by Monte Carlo simulations. The three phases coexist at a bicritical point whose critical behavior is described by the even branching annihilating random-walk universality class. …

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Variability Of A Vestigial Structure: First Metacarpal In Colobus Guereza And Ateles Geoffroyi, Robert G. Tague Jan 1997

Variability Of A Vestigial Structure: First Metacarpal In Colobus Guereza And Ateles Geoffroyi, Robert G. Tague

Faculty Publications

A tenet of evolutionary theory is that, under conditions of stabilizing selection, phenotypic variability is inversely related to selection intensity. Correspondingly, a nonfunctional, vestigial structure is expected to be highly variable relative to its functional homologue. This study tests the hypothesis that species with a vestigial pollex, Colobus guereza and Ateles geoffroyi, have a first metacarpal whose length is both highly variable relative to, and poorly correlated with, the lengths of the other metapodials. The results are consistent with the hypothesis, though this combination of traits is also found in Presbytis rubicunda and Presbytis cristata. The latter two species have …

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Effects Of Environmental Sodium Chloride On Percent Hatch, Yolk Utilization, And Survival Of Channel Catfish Fry, C. R. Weirich, T. R. Tiersch Jan 1997

Effects Of Environmental Sodium Chloride On Percent Hatch, Yolk Utilization, And Survival Of Channel Catfish Fry, C. R. Weirich, T. R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Only limited research has addressed the effect of salinity on hatching of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus eggs, and no studies have evaluated the effect of salinity on fry development and survival. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of environmental sodium chloride (0, 1, 2, and 4 g/L NaCl) on percent hatch, yolk utilization, and survival of channel catfish fry. Experiments were conducted in recirculating systems using seven egg masses (1-2 d old). Each egg mass was divided into smaller portions which remained undissociated or were dissociated with sodium sulfite (NaSO3). Eggs were incubated until hatching. Wet and dry …

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Roosting Behavior And Group Territoriality In American Crows, Donald F. Caccamise, Lisa M. Reed, Jerzy Romanowski, Philip C. Stouffer Jan 1997

Roosting Behavior And Group Territoriality In American Crows, Donald F. Caccamise, Lisa M. Reed, Jerzy Romanowski, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Cooperative groups of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) maintain group territories year-round while often traveling long distances to roost communally at night. Our goal was to discover how territorial crows resolve the conflict between the cohesive nature of group behavior with requirements of dispersal to roost communally. We color-marked crows to study group composition over two years, and radio-tagged crows to study movement among roosts, territories, and feeding areas. Most crows showed diurnal fidelity to the group territory throughout the year. Yet, most birds frequently left territories during the day to forage up to 4 km away. At night, crows roosted …

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Interspecific Aggression In Formicarius Antthrushes? The View From Central Amazonian Brazil, P. C. Stouffer Jan 1997

Interspecific Aggression In Formicarius Antthrushes? The View From Central Amazonian Brazil, P. C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Semiclassical Approach To The Hydrogen-Exchange Reaction Reactive And Transition-State Dynamics, Sophya V. Garashchuk, F. Grossmann, D. Tannor Jan 1997

Semiclassical Approach To The Hydrogen-Exchange Reaction Reactive And Transition-State Dynamics, Sophya V. Garashchuk, F. Grossmann, D. Tannor

Faculty Publications

Scattering matrix elements and symmetric transition-state resonances for the collinear H 2 + H → H + H 2 reaction are obtained using a time-dependent approach. The correlation function between reactant channel wavepackets and product channel wavepackets is used to determine the S-matrix elements. In a similar fashion, autocorrelation functions are used to extract the positions and widths of transition-state resonances. The time propagation of the wavepackets is performed by the improved semiclassical frozen Gaussian method of Herman and Kluk, which is an initial value, uniformly converged method. The agreement between the quantum and semiclassical results is far better …

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Wards Cove Packing Or Not Wards Cove Packing? That Is Not The Question: Some Thoughts On Impact Analysis Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act, Mack Player Jan 1997

Wards Cove Packing Or Not Wards Cove Packing? That Is Not The Question: Some Thoughts On Impact Analysis Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act, Mack Player

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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How Will We Regulate Genetic Enhancement, Maxwell J. Mehlman Jan 1997

How Will We Regulate Genetic Enhancement, Maxwell J. Mehlman

Faculty Publications

Genetic enhancement technologies present difficult and novel regulatory issues, including the problem of measuring and comparing risks and benefits and dealing with the impact of these technologies on social values. This Article describes and evaluates the potential approaches that may be taken to regulate these technologies. The author concludes that a variety of approaches will be necessary, involving self-regulation, government restrictions on access and use, licensing, and a national lottery.

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Twisted Interests: People In Interest Of S.A.H. And The State Of Open Adoptions In South Dakota, Thomas Simmons Jan 1997

Twisted Interests: People In Interest Of S.A.H. And The State Of Open Adoptions In South Dakota, Thomas Simmons

Faculty Publications

In People in Interest of S.A.H., the South Dakota Supreme Court held that open adoptions, or post-adoption visitation by the natural parents, while not prohibited under South Dakota law when in the best interests of the child, should only be mandated when the trial court finds that it is in the best interests of the child by clear and convincing evidence. The court also instructed trial courts to weigh the needs of the child, the effect on integration with the new family, and the potential effect on the pool of other prospective adoptive parents. This decision, while securing judicial enforcement …

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Health Care Cost Containment And Medical Technology: A Critique Of Waste Theory, Maxwell J. Mehlman Jan 1997

Health Care Cost Containment And Medical Technology: A Critique Of Waste Theory, Maxwell J. Mehlman

Faculty Publications

The high cost of health care has led to proposals to reduce wasteful medical technology under Medicare and other payment systems. Professor Mehlman warns that achieving this objective, while laudable in theory, is problematic because of the difficulties of defining, detecting and eliminating technology waste. A particular danger is that, in an effort to reduce waste, patients will be denied not only technologies that are wasteful from the patient's own perspective but technologies that yield net patient benefit. This risk is exacerbated by the Medicare prospective payment system, which rewards hospitals financially in inverse proportion to the amount of care …

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Lithium Bonding Interaction In H2Cy⋯Lif (Y=O,S) Complexes: A Theoretical Probe, Salai Cheettu Ammal, P. Venuvanalingam, S. Pal Jan 1997

Lithium Bonding Interaction In H2Cy⋯Lif (Y=O,S) Complexes: A Theoretical Probe, Salai Cheettu Ammal, P. Venuvanalingam, S. Pal

Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations at 6-31++G(d,p) level have been done on H2CY⋯LiF (Y=O,S) complexes choosing ten possible orientations in each complex. The effect of correlation on complex binding energies has been studied via single point MP2 (full) calculations done on 6-31++G(d,p) geometry. Binding energies have been corrected for basis set superposition error. Frequency calculations confirm that H2CO⋯LiF and H2CS⋯LiF complexes have three and two stable forms, respectively. The most stable form in each complex has been found to have a strong lithium bonding interaction and a secondary hydrogen bondinginteraction. NBO analysis has revealed that in this form oxygen donates nσ lone …

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Stories From The Gender Garden: Transsexuals And Anti-Discrimination Law, Patricia A. Cain Jan 1997

Stories From The Gender Garden: Transsexuals And Anti-Discrimination Law, Patricia A. Cain

Faculty Publications

Federal antidiscrimination law (Title VII) and most state antidiscrimination laws do not apply to discrimination against transsexual persons. The standard legal analysis is that such discrimination is not discrimination on the basis of "sex." This article employs a narrative method in order to raise the reader's consciousness about the lives of transsexual and transgendered persons. Specifically, the article focuses on the stories of female-to-male transsexuals (FTMs) and other females who have embraced male attributes (e.g., butch lesbians). The very existence of many FTMs who are part-male and part-female challenges the bipolar nature of our current sex jurisprudence which assumes that …

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