Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Size At Birth On Health, Growth And Developmental Outcomes In Children Up To Age 18: An Umbrella Review, Zeina Jamaluddine, Eman Sharara, Vanessa Helou, Nadine El Rashidi, Gloria Safadi, Nehmat El-Helou, Hala Ghattas Ph.D, Miho Sato, Hannah Blencowe, Oona M.R. Campbell

Faculty Publications

Background Size at birth, an indicator of intrauterine growth, has been studied extensively in relation to subsequent health, growth and developmental outcomes. Our umbrella review synthesises evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of size at birth on subsequent health, growth and development in children and adolescents up to age 18, and identifies gaps.

Methods We searched five databases from inception to mid-July 2021 to identify eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses. For each meta-analysis, we extracted data on the exposures and outcomes measured and the strength of the association.

Findings We screened 16 641 articles and identified 302 …

Opinion: How Fear Of Nuclear Winter Has Helped Save The World, So Far, Alan Robock, Lili Xia, Cheryl S. Harrison, Joshua Coupe, Owen B. Toon, Charles G. Bardeen

Faculty Publications

The direct effects of nuclear war would be horrific, with blasts, fires, and radiation killing and injuring many people. But in 1983, United States and Soviet Union scientists showed that a nuclear war could also produce a nuclear winter, with catastrophic consequences for global food supplies for people far removed from the conflict. Smoke from fires ignited by nuclear weapons exploded on cities and industrial targets would block out sunlight, causing dark, cold, and dry surface conditions, producing a nuclear winter, with surface temperatures below freezing even in summer for years. Nuclear winter theory helped to end the nuclear arms …

Marine Anoxia Initiates Giant Sulfur-Bacteria Mat Proliferation And Associated Changes In Benthic Nitrogen, Sulfur, And Iron Cycling In The Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland, David J. Yousavich, De'marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J.E. Krause, Frank Wenzhoefer, Felix Janßen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Frank Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, Tina Treude

Faculty Publications

The Santa Barbara Basin naturally experiences transient deoxygenation due to its unique geological setting in the southern California Borderland and seasonal changes in ocean currents. Long-term measurements of the basin showed that anoxic events and subsequent nitrate exhaustion in the bottom waters have been occurring more frequently and lasting longer over the past decade. One characteristic of the Santa Barbara Basin is the seasonal development of extensive mats of benthic nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which are found at the sediment–water interface when the basin's bottom waters reach anoxia but still provide some nitrate. To assess the mat's impact on the benthic …

Effects Of Fucoidan Supplementation On Inflammatory And Immune Response After High-Intensity Exercise, Bridget A. Mcfadden, Caroline S. Vincenty, Akexa J. Chandler, Harry P. Cintineo, Blaine S. Lints, Gianna F. Mastrofini, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak

Faculty Publications

Introduction: High-intensity exercise (HIE) can damage the musculotendon complex and impact the immune response, resulting in post-exercise inflammation. Sufficient rest and recovery will improve muscular resilience against future damaging bouts; however, HIE with minimal durations of rest is common in athletic competitions that facilitate persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation. Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and pro-immune responses. Fucoidans may improve inflammation and immune responses, which may prove beneficial for individuals who regularly engage in repeated HIE. The research purpose was to investigate the safety and efficacy of fucoidans on inflammatory and immune markers following HIE. Methods: Eight …

Food Insecurity Among Households With Children During The Early Months Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bailey Houghtaling, Megan M. Patton-López, Lindsey Haynes-Maslow, Nila Pradhananga, Lauri Andress, T. Elaine Prewitt, Annie Hardison-Moody, Justin D. Shanks, Michelle Grocke-Dewey, Eliza Webber, Denise Holston, Carmen Byker Shanks

Faculty Publications

Understanding impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among households with children is necessary to design appropriate public health responses that protect food and nutrition security. The objecttive of this research was to understand predictors of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic among households with at least one child (<18 >years), including whether foods reported as out-ofstock were associated with the likelihood of food insecurity. An online survey using validated measures and open-ended questions was distributed to a convenience sample in five states— Louisiana, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, and West Virginia—during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April through September of …

New Records Of Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Frontalis Zimmermann; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In New York, New Hampshire, And Maine, Usa Indicate Northward Range Expansion, Caroline R. Kanaskie, Thomas C. Schmeelk, Jessica A. Cancelliere, Jeff R. Garnas

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nutrition Interventions Addressing Structural Racism: A Scoping Review, Matthew Greene, Bailey Houghtaling, Claire Sadeghzadeh, Molly De Marco, De'jerra Bryant, Randa Morgan, Denise Holston

Faculty Publications

African Americans experience high rates of obesity and food insecurity in part due to structural racism, or overlapping discriminatory systems and practices in housing, education, employment, health care and other settings. Nutrition education and nutrition-focused policy, systems and environmental changes may be able to address structural racism in the food environment. This scoping review aimed to summarise the available literature regarding nutrition interventions for African Americans that address structural racism in the food environment and compare them with the 'Getting to Equity in Obesity Prevention' framework of suggested interventions. An electronic literature search was conducted with the assistance of a …

The New Ali Restatement And The Doctrine Of Non-Self-Executing Treaties, David Sloss

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

In The Ceo We Trust: Negative Effects Of Trust Between The Board And The Ceo, Kee-Hong Bae, Sadok El Ghoul, Zhaoran (Jason) Gong, Omrane Guedhami

Faculty Publications

In this study, we investigate whether and how trust between board members and the CEO (board–CEO trust) affects the performance of mergers and acquisitions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that firms with higher levels of board–CEO trust exhibit poor M&A performance. High trust is associated with low acquisition announcement returns, long-term stock return performance, and post-deal operating performance. This negative effect of board–CEO trust is more pronounced among acquiring companies prone to agency problems. Our results suggest that, in the institutional setting of corporate boards, high trust can be too much of a good thing.

Bringing The Analysis Of Electrodeposition Signals In Voltammetry Out Of The Shadows, Devin Rappleye, Ranon G. Fuller

Faculty Publications

Voltammetry studies of electrodeposition are growing rapidly. Yet, relations for the analysis of electrodeposition reactions in voltammetry remain relatively obscure in the literature. The existing cyclic and square wave voltammetry relations for electrodeposition and their limitations are discussed to increase awareness. A retrospective analysis is performed to demonstrate the impact of model selection in improving the analysis of electrodeposition behavior with voltammetric data. A repository for voltammetry models of electrodeposition is proposed to further increase familiarity and application of the most appropriate models, which would support a rapidly growing area of research and technological development.

Incorporating Resilience When Assessing Pandemic Risk In The Arctic: A Case Study Of Alaska, Sweta Tiwari, Andrey Petrov, Nino Mateshvili, Michele Devlin, Nikolay Golosov, Marya Rozanova-Smith, Mark Welford, John Degroote, Tatiana Degai, Stanislav Ksenofontov

Faculty Publications

The discourse on vulnerability to COVID-19 or any other pandemic is about the susceptibility to the effects of disease outbreaks. Over time, vulnerability has been assessed through various indices calculated using a confluence of societal factors. However, categorising Arctic communities, without considering their socioeconomic, cultural and demographic uniqueness, into the high and low continuum of vulnerability using universal indicators will undoubtedly result in the underestimation of the communities' capacity to withstand and recover from pandemic exposure. By recognising vulnerability and resilience as two separate but interrelated dimensions, this study reviews the Arctic communities' ability to cope with pandemic risks. In …

Imparting Systems Engineering Experience Via Interactive Fiction Serious Games, Thomas C. Ford, David Long, Echo Ford

Faculty Publications

Serious games for education are becoming increasing popular. Interactive fiction games are some of the most popular in app stores and are also beginning to be heavily used in education to teach analysis and decision-making. Noting that it is difficult for systems engineers to experience all necessary situations which prepare them for the role of a chief engineer, in this paper, we explore the use of interactive fiction serious games to impart systems engineering experience and to teach systems engineering principles. The results of a cognitive viability, qualitative viability, and replayability analysis of 14 systems engineering serious games developed in …

Estimating Intermittency Significance By Means Of Surrogate Data: Implications For Solar Wind Turbulence, Eliza Teodorescu, Marius Mihai Echim, Jay Johnson

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Intermittency is a property of turbulent astrophysical plasmas, such as the solar wind, that implies irregularity and fragmentation, leading to non-uniformity in the transfer rate of energy carried by nonlinear structures from large to small scales. We evaluated the intermittency level of the turbulent magnetic field measured by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) in the slow solar wind in the proximity of the Sun during the probe’s first close encounter. Methods: A quantitative measure of intermittency could be deduced from the normalized fourth-order moment of the probability distribution functions, the flatness parameter. We calculated the flatness of the magnetic …

Inequalities In Wellbeing In Lebanese Children And Different Refugee Subpopulations: A Multidimensional Child Deprivation Analysis, Zeina Jamaluddine, Gloria Safadi, Alexandra Irani, Nisreen Salti, Jad Chaaban, Sawsan Abdulrahim, Alban Thomas, Hala Ghattas Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives:

This study constitutes the first attempt to describe the overlapping deprivations faced by Lebanese children (Lebanese) and that of the three sub-populations of refugees living in Lebanon: Palestinian refugees living in Lebanon, Palestinian refugees from Syria and Syrian refugees.

Methods:

Using data from the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Household Survey 2016 (n = 10,555 Lebanese; 7,106 Palestinian refugees living in Lebanon; 2,768 Palestinian refugees from Syria and 5,891 Syrian refugee children aged 2 to 17 years old), we report on single and overlapping deprivations (at least two concurrent deprivations) using indicators related to survival …

Electrical Charge Method For Balancing, Quantifying, And Defining Redox Reactions, Pong Kau Yuen, Cheng Man Diana Lau

Faculty Publications

Redox reactions are important in both theoretical studies and practical uses. The concept is also one of the most difficult to teach and learn (Goes, Nogueira & Fernandez, 2020). In general chemistry textbooks, the oxidation number method is a fundamental approach for counting the number of transferred electrons and understanding redox reactions (Tro, 2020; Chang & Goldsby, 2013). Without knowing oxidation number, redox reactions cannot be defined and balanced. Algebraic methods, such as linear simultaneous equations method (Porter, 1985; Olson, 1997; Kolb, 1979) and matrix method (Blakley, 1982; Risteski, 2011), can balance redox reactions, but they cannot define them chemically. …

Genome-Wide Coancestry Reveals Details Of Ancient And Recent Male-Driven Reticulation In Baboons, Erik F. Sørensen, R. Alan Harris, Liye Zhang, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Lukas F.K. Kuderna, Jerilyn A. Walker, Jessica M. Storer, Martin Kuhlwilm, Claudia Fontsere, Lakshmi Seshadri, Christina M. Bergey, Andrew S. Burrell, Juraj Bergman, Jane E. Phillips-Conroy, Fekadu Shiferaw, Kenneth L. Chiou, Idrissa S. Chuma, Julius D. Keyyu, Julia Fischer, Marie Claude Gingras, Sejal Salvi, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Mikkel H. Schierup, Mark A. Batzer, Clifford J. Jolly, Sascha Knauf, Dietmar Zinner, Kyle K.H. Farh, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Kasper Munch, Christian Roos, Jeffrey Rogers

Faculty Publications

Baboons (genus Papio) are a morphologically and behaviorally diverse clade of catarrhine monkeys that have experienced hybridization between phenotypically and genetically distinct phylogenetic species. We used high-coverage whole-genome sequences from 225 wild baboons representing 19 geographic localities to investigate population genomics and interspecies gene flow. Our analyses provide an expanded picture of evolutionary reticulation among species and reveal patterns of population structure within and among species, including differential admixture among conspecific populations. We describe the first example of a baboon population with a genetic composition that is derived from three distinct lineages. The results reveal processes, both ancient and recent, …

Editor's Introduction, Sharon A. Kowalsky

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Zein And Lignin-Plga Biopolymer Nanoparticles Used As Pesticide Nanocarriers On Soybean Growth And Yield Under Field Conditions, Colin A.R. Bonser, Jaya Borgatta, Jason C. White, Carlos E. Astete, Cristina M. Sabliov, Jeffrey A. Davis

Faculty Publications

Nanoparticles are being utilized in agriculture as fertilizers, pesticides, and agrochemical-carriers. Designed to be biocompatible and degradable, biopolymer nanoparticles were developed as an alternative to metallic nanoparticles, and though safe-by-design, polymeric nanoparticles must be field-tested prior to largescale use. Several field studies were conducted to observe detrimental effects of biopolymer nanoparticles on plant growth and yield using soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., as a model system. Biopolymer nanoparticles made from lignin or zein were applied as seed treatments to soybean seeds or as foliar sprays (zein only) to soybean plants. Studies using biopolymer nanoparticle seed treatments (nano-STs) measured the germination …

Black Soldier Fly Frass Supports Plant Growth And Reduces Nitrogen Leaching During Coleus Production, Jeffrey Beasley, Jeff Kuehny, Thanos Gentimis, Jeb Fields

Faculty Publications

Industrial insect rearing is expected to increase as a feedstock to meet growing global food demand. This will lead to greater production of insect excreta known as frass, a nutrient-dense organic material that has shown promise as a natural fertilizer source with potential environmental benefits. In this study, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) frass (BSFF) was compared with a synthetic fertilizer (SF) during production of containerized ornamentals grown under greenhouse conditions. Fertilizers were incorporated into a bark-based substrate at 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 kg.m–3 nitrogen (N) planted with coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) plugs. Growth index, shoot dry weight, and leaf …

Combining Visual Cues And Pheromone Blends For Monitoring And Management Of The Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus Lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), Justin George, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Nathan Little, Sarah E.J. Arnold, David R. Hall

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is considered the most damaging pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern United States. Previous studies have reported the role of different ratios of volatile metathoracic gland components such as hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal in eliciting low-level attraction of L. lineolaris. In this study, we tested different visual cues (colored sticky cards) in combination with olfactory cues (pheromone blends) to optimize the attraction and capture of L. lineolaris in the field. RESULTS: Red-colored sticky cards were more attractive to L. lineolaris adults than white, blue or …

Battling Bots: Experiences And Strategies To Mitigate Fraudulent Responses In Online Surveys, Brittney Goodrich, Marieke Fenton, Jerrod Penn, John Bovay, Travis Mountain

Faculty Publications

Declining survey response rates have driven many researchers to seek out cost-effective methods of increasing participation, such as conducting surveys online, paying incentives, and using social media to engage hard-to-reach populations. Malicious actors can exploit the monetary incentives and anonymity of online surveys, threatening the integrity of survey data. We share two recent experiences conducting online surveys that were inundated with fraudulent responses. Our objective is to increase awareness of this emerging issue and offer guidance for others to mitigate the effects of fraudulent responders in their own research.

Hypothetical Bias Mitigation In Representative And Convenience Samples, Jerrod M. Penn, Daniel R. Petrolia, J. Matthew Fannin

Faculty Publications

This is a case study comparing outcomes for a probability-based representative sample versus a non-probability convenience sample for the valuation of beach condition information among Gulf of Mexico residents. We test the efficacy of several techniques used to adjust for hypothetical bias and sample weighting to reduce hypothetical willingness to pay (WTP). Weighting makes the WTP between the two samples similar, but model equivalence with respect to the significance of explanatory variables is rejected. The results support the use of certainty follow-ups, which consistently reduced WTP, regardless of the sampling approach or weighting.

Next-Generation Sequencing Dataset Of Bacterial Communities Of Microcerotermes Crassus Workers Associated With Ironwood Trees (Casuarina Equisetifolia) In Guam, Garima Setia, Robert Schlub, Claudia Husseneder

Faculty Publications

Ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia) in Guam have been suffering from Ironwood Tree Decline (IWTD) since 2002. Putative plant pathogenic bacteria such as Ralstonia solanacearum and Klebsiella species were identified in the ooze of declining trees and considered to be linked to IWTD. In addition, termites were found to be significantly associated with IWTD. Microcerotermes crassus Snyder (Blattodea: Termitidae) was identified as a termite species that attacks ironwood trees in Guam. Since termites harbor a diverse community of symbiotic and environmental bacteria, we sequenced the microbiome of M. crassus workers attacking ironwood trees in Guam to assess the presence of IWTD-associated …

Subaqueous Topographic Deformation In Abandoned Delta Lobes—A Case Study In The Yellow River Delta, China, Yunfeng Zhang, Yingying Chai, Caiping Hu, Yijun Xu, Yuyan Zhou, Huanliang Chen, Zijun Li, Shenting Gang, Shuwei Zheng

Faculty Publications

Reduction in river discharge and sediment load has left deltaic lobes in the world’s many river deltas starving, but knowledge of how the subaqueous topography of these abandoned subdeltas responds to environmental changes is limited. In this study, we aimed to determine the long-term dynamics of the subaqueous seabed of abandoned delta lobes to advance current knowledge. As a case study, we selected an abandoned subdelta on the Yellow River Delta of the Bohai Sea, China, for which three-decade long (1984–2017) bathymetric data and long-term river discharge and sediment load records are available. We analyzed the seafloor surface change and …

Effects Of Human And Nonhuman Predation Risk On Antipredator Movement Behaviors Of An Upland Game Bird, Patrick H. Wightman, James A. Martin, Michel T. Kohl, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Predators elicit antipredator behaviors such as proactive and reactive movements in prey, but both are rarely investigated simultaneously. Impacts of human predation risk on antipredator behaviors can be greater than those of nonhuman predators, resulting in increased effects on populations and community structure. We compared the influence of human and nonhuman predation risk on proactive and reactive antipredator movement behaviors of male Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo, hereafter turkey). We used simultaneously collected GPS locations from 31 turkeys and 36 coyotes (Canis latrans) to investigate the antipredator behavior of turkeys to coyotes. To assess antipredator behaviors of turkeys to hunters, …

Molecular Research In Rice, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Bat Calls Recorded By Two Acoustic Monitors, Jane M. Kunberger, Ashley M. Long

Faculty Publications

Recent advances in low-cost autonomous recording unit (ARU) technology have made large-scale bat monitoring projects more practical, but several key features of ARUs (e.g., microphone quality and triggering thresholds) can influence their ability to detect and record bats. As such, it is important to quantify and report variation in ARU performance as new recording systems become available. We used the automated classification software SonoBat to compare the numbers of call files, echolocation pulses, and species recorded by a commonly used, full-spectrum bat detector-the Song Meter SM4BAT-FS-and a less expensive, open-source ARU that can detect ultrasound-the AudioMoth. We deployed paired ARUs …

Demystifying Longitudinal Data Analyses Using Structural Equation Models In School Psychology, Garret J. Hall, Kelly N. Clark

Faculty Publications

Structural equation models (SEM) are a method of latent variable analysis that offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of modeling methods for applied research questions. Recent advancements associated with longitudinal SEM have unlocked innovative ways to decompose variance and to estimate mean trends over time (e.g., Allison et al., 2017; Berry & Willoughby, 2017; Hamaker et al., 2015; McArdle & Nesselroade, 2014). However, these longitudinal methods are not necessarily readily accessible to scholars seeking to advance theory and practice in school psychology. Importantly, not all longitudinal data are the same and not all longitudinal SEMs are the same; …

Exploring The Experiences Of Pregnant Women In The U.S. During The First Year Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Courtney E. Williams, Dana Berkowitz, Heather M. Rackin

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we integrate the stress process model with symbolic interactionism to frame our analysis of interviews with 35 women who were pregnant and/or gave birth during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. We detail three stressors, highlight their variation, and discuss how they coped with these stressors. Women reported having to navigate contradictory information about the public health crisis, but Black participants simultaneously endured added strain from a heightened awareness of racialized violence. To cope with an overabundance of precarious and contradictory messages, some women sought out information (i.e., information gatherers), others eschewed information (i.e., information avoiders), …

Food-Evoked Emotion, Product Acceptance, Food Preference, Food Choice And Consumption: Some New Perspectives, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.