Digital Commons Network^™

Correlates Of Blood Pressure In An Urban Zimbabwean Population And Comparison To Other Populations Of African Origin, Jacob Mufunda, L. J. Scott, J. Chifamba, J. Matenga, B. Sparks, R. Cooper, H. Sparks

Faculty Publications

We have evaluated the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K), and tobacco use in an urban African population. We conducted a random, population-based, cross-sectional survey of people 25 years and older in Marondera, Zimbabwe, with over-sampling in older age groups (n = 775), using a method comparable to that used in International Collaborative Study on Hypertension in Blacks (ICSHIB). The age-adjusted prevalences of hypertension in Marondera (SBP ≥140/DBP ≥90/antihypertensive medication) were 30% for women and 21% for men. The average BMI was 26.3 kg/m2 for women and …

Bill Clinton's Operational Code: Assessing Source Material Bias, Mark Schafer, Scott Crichlow

Faculty Publications

This paper considers Bill Clinton's operational code as reflected in prepared speeches and spontaneous remarks. Differences between the two types of verbal material, their respective differences over time, and their respective variation after key intervening political events were subjected to analysis of variance as well as descriptive analyses. The results suggest that measurements based on spontaneous comments are preferable, particularly in providing sensitive measures of personal predispositions.

Is Malnutrition Declining? An Analysis Of Changes In Levels Of Childhood Malnutrition Since 1980, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Monika Blo¨ Ssner

Faculty Publications

Nutritional status is the best global indicator of well-being in children. Although many surveys of children have been conducted since the 1970s, lack of comparability between them has made it difficult to monitor trends in child malnutrition.

Cross-sectional data from 241 nationally representative surveys were analysed in a standard way to produce comparable results of low height-for-age (stunting). Multilevel modelling was applied to estimate regional and global trends from 1980 to 2005.

The prevalence of stunting has fallen in developing countries from 47% in 1980 to 33% in 2000 (i.e. by 40 million), although progress has been uneven according to …

Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Women, J. David Branch, Russell R. Pate, Sharon P. Bourque

Faculty Publications

Among women, there is an increased prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and less participation in physical activity at levels recommended by the Surgeon General. As a result, women have been identified as a target group in public health initiatives to increase physical activity. The health-related benefits of habitual, moderate intensity physical activity are well documented in the epidemiological literature, but less is known about the effect of such physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. Our hypothesis was that moderate and vigorous exercise training regimens of similar estimated energy expenditure would result in similar changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighteen sedentary premenopausal women with …

Strategies For Preventing Disruptive Behaviors Among Students With Autism, Tina Taylor

Faculty Publications

Help! What should I do with Michael? I can't control him! I often hear pleas of help similar to this one. What can a teacher do to help a student with autism learn and demonstrate appropriate behavior? The purpose of this article is provide a framework by which we can view behavior, and a description of a few strategies to help prevent challenging behaviors among students with autism. When I was a fresh out of college working under a provisional certificate, I was educated in the "current" methods of "behavior management." That is, I learned how to observe, count, graph …

Regulating Consenseual Sex With Minors: Defining A Role For Statutory Rape, Michelle Oberman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Drugs Upon Sentencing Policy, Gerald F. Uelmen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"Working" With The Ada's "Regarded As" Definition Of A Disability, Thomas Simmons

Faculty Publications

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits discrimination against and mandates accommodations for individuals with disabilities. As a threshold matter, the Act requires the plaintiff to demonstrate that she is an individual with a disability; that is, that she has an actual disability or is "regarded as" having a disability as the statute defines it. This article discusses the threshold "regarded as" showing as refined by three Supreme Court cases decided in the summer of 1999. Although in the past the "regarded as" definition has often played "second fiddle" to the "actual disability" definition, the author suggests that there …

Expert Qualifications: Traps For The Unwary, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The World Trade Constitution, John O. Mcginnis, Mark L. Movsesian

Faculty Publications

Conventional wisdom holds that the World Trade Organization (WTO) necessarily poses a threat to sovereignty and representative government within its member nations. Professors McGinnis and Movsesian refute this view. They argue that the WTO can be understood as a constitutive structure that, by reducing the power of protectionist interest groups, can simultaneously promote international trade and domestic democracy. Indeed, in promoting both free trade and accountable government, the WTO reflects many of the insights that inform our own Madisonian Constitution. Professors McGinnis and Movsesian reject recent proposals to grant the WTO regulatory authority, endorsing instead the WTO's limited adjudicative power …

Cultural Values And Happiness, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

Csikszentmihalyi (1999) has reminded us that social scientists cannot shrink from challenging the validity of our most cherished values, including the fundamental nature of happiness. He cites research affirming that material wealth does not correlate with happiness and then presents data correlating happiness with the experience of flow. However, in making this leap Csikszentmihalyi confuses correlation with causation. Because losing oneself in a project, relationship, or dream is followed by a very positive condition does not mean that the experience itself caused happiness. It is equally likely that losing one self is the causative factor. In looking at his data …

Ethnic Representation In A Sample Of The Literature Of Applied Psychology, Leslie Case, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A number of authors have raised concerns over the external validity of psychological research. This study examined the extent to which empirical articles include human participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Articles published over a 5-year period in 14 selected journals representing 3 applied subdisciplines of psychology were examined. Of the 2,536 articles coded, only 61% indicated the ethnicity of the participants. For those articles, the ethnic compositions approximated U.S. Census estimates, with the exception of an over representation of African Americans and an under representation of Hispanic Americans. The results imply that although the field is apparently adequately recruiting English …

Reclaiming The "Creatures Of The State": Contracting For Child Custody Decisionmaking In The Best Interests Of The Family, E. Gary Spitko

Faculty Publications

Arbitration has great potential utility for promoting family autonomy. Parents in a fracturing family might utilize arbitration to select both the decisionmaker and the legal standards to guide that decisionmaker in resolving their child custody and visitation dispute. In this way, the parents can seek to ensure that the resolution of their child custody and visitation dispute is governed by the values that the family has cherished and lived by.

The present dominant judicial approaches to the enforcement of arbitration agreements and awards with respect to child custody, however, greatly undermine arbitration's utility for promoting family autonomy. Pursuant to the …

Space Between Words: The Origins Of Silent Reading, Thomas D. Walker

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"Out Of Zion Shall Go Forth The Law", Nathan B. Oman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Civil Jury In America: Improving The Jury's Understanding Of A Case, Jay E. Grenig

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Spiritual Treatment Exemptions To Child Medical Neglect Laws: What We Outsiders Should Think, James G. Dwyer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Constitutional Implications Of Human Cloning, Elizabeth Price Foley

Faculty Publications

Given the theoretical inevitability of human cloning, this Article attempts to fill a current intellectual void by providing an analysis of the most significant legal implications of cloning human beings. Part II sets forth the basic science behind cloning and how cloning differs from other, non-traditional forms of procreation such as in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination. Part III discusses the most commonly feared “science fiction” abuses associated with human cloning and current laws that may prevent such abuses from occurring. Part IV discusses the possible constitutional impediments to banning human cloning, including the First Amendment, the procreational liberty interest …

Who Exactly Is Living La Vida Loca: The Legal And Political Consequences Of Latino-Latina Ethnic And Racial Stereotypes In Film And Other Media, Ediberto Román

Faculty Publications

This piece, however, will not simply expose the insidious stereotypes of Latinas and Latinos. It will undertake the more involved task of drawing a nexus between the societal prejudice which leads to the stereotyping and the legal and political consequences that result from it. Specifically, I argue that these media images, myths, metaphors, and stereotypes play a critical role in establishing society's vision of Latinas and Latinos. In other words, these stereotypes serve to reinforce both the characterizations of Latinas and Latinos from the perspectives of both the dominant and the dominated. These stereotypes, in turn, foster and perpetuate two …

Proclamation-Based Principles Of Parenting And Supportive Scholarship, Craig H. Hart, Lloyd D. Newell, Lisa L. Sine

Faculty Publications

How parents view the nature of a child and their own role as parents has great influence over the life of that child. Many perspectives about the nature of children have arisen in the course of Western Civilization that have shaped childrearing practices for centuries, including the increasingly accepted scholarly view that parents matter relatively little in children’s lives. (2) This chapter emphasizes inspired, eternal principles that are supported by empirical and conceptual scholarship, which suggests that optimal parenting does indeed matter in children’s lives.

Caregivers Locus Of Control For Child Improvement, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A potentially important variable that has received little attention in the disabilities literature is the caregiver's locus of control beliefs for child improvement as they relate to treatment compliance and actual child improvement. To evaluate the construct's utility in a practice setting, 131 caregiver-child dyads were assessed twice, twelve months apart. Children were an average of approximately four years old at the first assessment, and all of them had mild to severe developmental disabilities. Aspects of caregiver compliance to treatment were rated, and measures of child development status, family functioning, and caregiver locus of control were administered. Results indicated that …

Informed Consent For Neonatal Circumcision: An Ethical And Legal Conundrum, J. Steven Svoboda, Robert S. Van Howe, James G. Dwyer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Peace-Keeping Forces: Ya War Books, Chris Crowe

Faculty Publications

My family and I lived in Hawaii when the Gulf War began, and during the early clays of the war, when the daily news announced the results of US bomb raids over Baghdad, my daughter Carrie, who was then six years old, often had trouble sleeping at night.

Russian Parenting Styles And Family Processes: Linkages With Subtypes Of Victimization And Aggression, Craig H. Hart, David A. Nelson, Clyde C. Robinson, Susanne F. Olson, Mary Kay Mcneilly-Choque, Christin L. Porter, Trevor R. Mckee

Faculty Publications

Political changes in the former Soviet Union have allowed social scientists to explore a variety of family and child development issues that were closed to systematic investigation for many decades (Maddock, Hogan, Antonov, & Matskovsky, 1994). Prior Soviet psychological research focused on cognitive rather than socioemotional processes for political reasons (Kerig, 1996). Therefore, Western researchers had little opportunity to conduct research on children’s social development in the context of the family in the former Soviet Union.

What Is The Matter With Equality?: An Assessment Of The Equal Treatment Of Religion And Non-Religion In First Amendment Jurisprudence, William P. Marshall

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Predicting Turnover And Retention In Nursing Home Administrators: Management And Policy Implications, Douglas A. Singh, Robert C. Schwab

Faculty Publications

Administrator turnover and its impact on the quality of patient care are important concerns in the nursing home industry. This study evaluates a model to determine which factors, attitudes, and personal characteristics can predict tenure. Responses to a survey from 290 nursing home administrators (NHAs) who furnished data on their previous positions were analyzed using logistic regression methods. The extracted model correlates tenure with the administrator's past patterns of stability, community attachment, organizational commitment, and facility performance. The model is particularly effective (85% accuracy) in flagging NHAs who are likely to depart within their first 3 years of employment. Implications …

Tracking Of Physical Activity, Physical Inactivity, And Health-Related Physical Fitness In Rural Youth, Russell R. Pate, Stewart G. Trost, Marsha Dowda, Alise E. Ott, Dianne S. Ward, Ruth P. Saunders, Gwen A. Felton

Faculty Publications

This study examined the tracking of selected measures of physical activity, inactivity, and fitness in a cohort of rural youth. Students (N=181, 54.7% female, 63.5% African American) completed test batteries during their fifth- (age=10.7±0.7 years), sixth-, and seventh-grade years. The Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR) was used to assess 30-min blocks of vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), TV watching and other sedentary activities, and estimated energy expenditure (EE). Fitness measures included the PWC 170 cycle ergometer test, strength tests, triceps skinfold thickness, and BMI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for VPA, MVPA, and after-school EE …

Annotated Bibliography Of Research In The Teaching Of English, Deborah Brown, Wayne Martino, Gert Rijlaarsdam, Anne D'Antonio Stinson, Melissa E. Whiting

Faculty Publications

Twice a year in die May and November issues, RTE publishes a selected bibliography of recent research in the teaching of English. Most of the studies appeared during the six-month period preceding the compilation of the bibliography (January through June, 1999, for the present bibliography), but some studies that appeared earlier are occasionally included. The listing is selective; we make no attempt to include all research and research-related articles that appeared in the period tinder review Comments on the bibliography and suggestions about items for inclusion may be directed to the bibliography editors. We encourage you to send your suggestions …

America's Uneasy Relationship With The Working Poor, A. Mechele Dickerson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Luther On The Hidden God, Steven D. Paulson

Faculty Publications

It is not so much that God cannot be seen that concerns Luther, but that God actually and actively hides. God hides in order not to be found where humans want to find God. But God also hides in order to be found where God wills to be found.