Digital Commons Network^™

A Balanced Nitrogen Budget Of The Surface Layer Of The Southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, Walker O. Smith Jr., Vernon L. Asper

Faculty Publications

To understand marine biogeochemical cycles, it is critical to quantitatively balance organic matter transformations within the euphotic zone. Such an assessment for nitrogen is difficult because of lateral advection, uncertainties in individual measurements, the complexity of elemental transformations (including nitrification and denitrification), and the difficulty of collecting data on appropriate space and time scales. Two cruises were conducted to the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, to understand the time-varying fluxes of nitrogen into its various pools. From these data a balanced inventory was constructed. Nitrate removal in the upper 200 m was balanced by particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen production, ammonification, …

Dynamical Balance In The Indonesian Seas Circulation, William H. Burnett, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, David A. Jaffe, Arnold L. Gordon, George L. Mellor

Faculty Publications

A high resolution, four-open port, non-linear, barotropic ocean model (2D POM) is used to analyze the Indonesian Seas circulation. Both local and overall momentum balances are studied. It is shown that geostrophy holds over most of the area and that the Pacific-Indian Ocean pressure difference is essentially balanced by the resultant of pressure forces acting on the bottom.

Labor Markets, Rationality, And Workers With Disabilities, Michael Ashley Stein

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of A Multimedia General Education Course, Patricia Backer

Faculty Publications

The current paper describes the design, development, and evaluation of self-paced multimedia modules that are used in an advanced General Education course at San Jose State University. The design and development cycle of these modules began in 1994 and continues to this date. The General Education course, Technology and Civilization (TECH 198), is designed to introduce students to the realm of history and usage of technology in society and to increase their awareness of both the uncertainties as well as the promises of the utilization of technology as a creative human enterprise. During the summer session 1999, the completed modules …

A Review Of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making In Business, Terry W. Loe, Linda K. Ferrell, Phylis Mansfield

Faculty Publications

This article summarizes the multitude of empirical studies that test ethical decision making in business and suggests additional research necessary to further theory in this area. The studies are categorized and related to current theoretical ethical decision making models. The studies are related to awareness, individual and organizational factors, intent, and the role of moral intensity in ethical decision making. Summary tables provide a quick reference for the sample, findings, and publication outlet. This review provides insights for understanding organizational ethical decision constructs, where ethical decision making theory currently stands, and provides insights for future empirical work on organizational ethical …

Annotated Bibliography Of Research In The Teaching Of English, Deborah Brown, Wayne Martino, Gert Rijlaarsdam, Anne D'Antonio Stinson, Melissa E. Whiting

Faculty Publications

Twice a year, in the May ann November issues, RTE publishes a selected bibliography of recent research in the teaching of English. Most of the studies appeared during the six-mouth period preceding the complication of the bibliography (July through December; 1999, for the present bibliography), but some studies that appeared earlier are occasionally included. The listing is selective; we make no attempt to include all research and research-related articles that appeared in the period under review. Comments on the bibliography and suggestions about items for inclusion may be directed to the bibliography editors We encourage you to send your suggestions …

Investigatory Practices And The Changing Entrapment Defense, Paul Marcus

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Using The Levels Of Family Involvement Model With Religious Professionals, Dale R. Hawley, Carla M. Dahl

Faculty Publications

Serving as a religious professional is a complex task with a wide variety of demands and responsibilities. This variety contributes to a professional identity that requires the fulfillment of a number of roles. The Levels of Family Involvement (LFI) model (W. J. Doherty, 1995) offers a structure for helping clergy ascertain which roles may be most beneficial to a family in a given set of circumstances, as well as which roles are beyond their training and mission. The LFI is offered as a guideline for helping clergy select modes of intervention and identify areas for personal and professional development. Case …

Fear Of Law: Thoughts On Fear Of Judging And The State Of The Federal Sentencing Guidelines (Sentencing Symposium), Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

To understand Fear of Judging and the debate over the Federal Sentencing Guidelines requires some familiarity with the sentencing reform movement that led to the adoption of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in 1987, as well as at least a rudimentary grasp of the structure of the Guidelines themselves. For those readers who require an introduction to both subjects, the next section of this Article attempts to provide one. Those already familiar with the Guidelines and their history can skip to Section III, where the discussion of Fear of Judging begins in earnest.

Alcohol Intake And Mortality: Findings From The National Health Interview Surveys (1988 And 1990), Youlian Liao, Daniel L. Mcgee, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

The authors used prospective data from two supplemental studies of the National Health Interview Survey, the 1988 Alcohol Supplement and the 1990 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement, to examine the relation between alcohol intake and mortality. Their study included 17,821 men and 25,874 women aged 40 years or older at baseline; during an average of 6 years of follow-up, 5,540 deaths occurred. The alcohol-mortality relation was U-shaped for men and J-shaped for women. On the basis of categorical analyses adjusted for age, race, smoking, and baseline diseases, men who drank 2 drinks per day had a significantly lower risk …

The Father's Witness: Patriarchal Images Of Boys, David Lee Miller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Authority, Bible And Christian Ethics, Miroslav Kis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Correlates Of Physical Activity In Male And Female Youth, Timothy Bungum, Marsha Dowda, Anne T. Weston, Stewart G. Trost, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

This study examined associations between psychosocial factors and physical activity in a group of youth (n=520). Students completed the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall and a survey of potential determinants of physical activity. Regression analyses of intentions to be physically active revealed that enjoyment and self-efficacy predicted intentions for both males and females. Attitudes predicted moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA), and enjoyment and self-efficacy predicted vigorous activity (VPA) for males. Self-efficacy predicted both MVPA and VPA for females. The findings suggest that intervention programs targeted at youth should include developmentally appropriate activities that are fun and promote physical …

Natural And Unnatural Use In Romans 1:24-27: Paul And The Philosophic Critique Of Eros, David E. Fredrickson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Communication, Consolation And Discipline: Two Early Lutheran Preachers On Confession, Mary Jane Haemig

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Can We All Get Along? The Interpersonal Challenge At Work, Clive Muir

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Free Speech In Pauline Political Theology, David E. Fredrickson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Managing Internal Administrative Change, Joseph A. Custer

Faculty Publications

Mr. Custer considers the impact of already instituted internal administrative change on library staff and how best to deal with it. He approaches the topic by describing what his own library did when faced with significant internal administrative restructuring.

Alcohol, Tobacco, And Pharmaceutical Industry Funding: Considerations For Organizations Serving Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender Communities, Laurie A. Drabble

Faculty Publications

Emerging research suggests that alcohol, tobacco and drug-related problems may be higher in lesbian and gay communities than in the population as a whole. At the same time, alcohol, tobacco and pharmaceutical industries have increased marketing strategies that are targeted specifically to lesbian and gay communities. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) and HTV/AIDS organizations, often marginalized and under-funded, have frequently faced significant challenges in funding programs and special events. These organizations are often the very same groups needed to promote and support effective substance abuse countermeasures in LGBT communities. Agency leaders, community members, and substance abuse prevention advocates all …

Service-Learning As A Tool For Enhancing Student Outcomes In A College-Level Lecture Course, Amy Strage

Faculty Publications

This article reports on the effects of infusing a 20-hour per semester service-learning requirement into a large Introductory Child Development course. Analyses of student outcomes on course assignments revealed that the 166 students in the service-learning cohorts (2 classes) out-performed the 309 students who took the course during the three semesters prior to the introduction of the service-learning requirement. The advantage for the service-learning students appeared to stem primarily from stronger performance on narrative assessments (midterm and take-home final essays), and appeared to manifest itself only later in the semester. Analyses of students’ journals confirmed that students reflected thoughtfully about …

The Power Of Codification In Latin America: Simón Bolívar And The Code Napoléon, M C. Mirow

Faculty Publications

Codification can be an effective means to centralize and to consolidate state power. The use of codification in this manner runs against the commonly perceived notion that it promotes republican and egalitarian values. As Simon Bolivar's dictatorship quickly crumbled around him, he turned to codification based on the Code Napoleon as part of an attempt to unify Gran Colombia. Factors leading him to this undertaking and source were the need for legal reform, his emulation of Napoleon, his exposure to the works of Jeremy Bentham, and, speculatively, the influence of Andres Bello. Boivar's attempt at codification was not to complete …

A Little Privacy, Please: Should We Punish Parents For Teenage Sex, Susan S. Kuo

Faculty Publications

This article addresses an alarming new development in the recent trend toward blaming parents for their children's unlawful acts: an Illinois criminal statute that holds parents accountable for the consensual sexual activities of their children. Although laws creating criminal parental responsibility are not new, teenage sexuality is not part of the usual repertoire of juvenile acts that parental responsibility laws have previously sought to deter. The State of Illinois is the sole pioneer in this yet uncharted territory, breaking new ground for the parental responsibility movement and transporting parental liability to new heights.

Other states may view the Illinois statute …

Marriage Law And Family Law: Autonomy, Interdependence, And Couples Of The Same Gender, Jennifer Wriggins

Faculty Publications

The Article argues for the recognition of same-sex marriage from a normative and family law perspective, rather than a rights perspective. Contemporary family law and marriage law in the United States have been criticized by communitarian scholars and others as being too focused on individuals and individual fulfillment. These critiques make some valid points. It is also important, however, to emphasize that contemporary marriage law, for the first time, presents a model of equality and of reciprocal obligations.

The Article articulates a broad framework of the functions of family and marriage law, drawing on work by Carl Schneider and Mary …

The Timing Of Opinion Formation By Jurors In Civil Cases: An Empirical Examination, Paula Hannaford-Agor, Valerie P. Hans, Nicole L. Mott, G. Thomas Munsterman

Faculty Publications

Although researchers have thoroughly examined juror decision making in laboratory experiments, the point at which jurors form opinions in actual jury trials remains cloaked in mystery. Recently, however, that cloak was lifted enough to provide a glimpse at the timing of juror opinion formation. The opportunity to do so came in conjunction with an evaluation of a jury reform procedure implemented in Arizona civil trials in 1995. Data collected for the evaluation included the responses of 1,385 jurors from 172 civil trials concerning when they began to form opinions about the case, whether and when they changed their minds about …

Beneficial And Unusual Punishment: An Argument In Support Of Prisoner Participation In Clinical Trials, Sharona Hoffman

Faculty Publications

Currently, approximately 1.8 million people are incarcerated in the United States at any given time. A disproportionately large percentage of the prisoner population has serious illnesses, such as AIDS and tuberculosis. Prisoners most often, however, are barred from participation in clinical trials, even when conventional therapy has failed, and experimental treatment might provide them with their only hope of survival.

Much of the reluctance to include prisoners in biomedical research is based on history. In the past, prisoners have been severely abused and even tortured in medical studies conducted in the Nazi death camps, Japanese prisoner camps, and correctional facilities …

The Tools For Enforcing International Criminal Justice In The New Millennium: Lessons From The Yugoslavia Tribunal, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

It is one thing to create an international institution devoted to enforcing international justice; it is quite another to make international justice work. Unlike the Nuremberg Tribunal, whose orders were implemented by the Allied occupation forces, the ICC will have no constabulary. In the absence of a direct enforcement mechanism, the ICC will have to rely on state cooperation and indirect means of inducing compliance with its arrest orders and requests for judicial cooperation.

The range of enforcement measures potentially available to the ICC include: (1) condemnation of non-cooperation by the Assembly of State Parties or the U.N. Security Council; …

A Judicious Solution: The Criminal Law Committee Draft Redefinition Of The Loss Concept In Economic Crime Sentencing, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

In December 1999, the United States Sentencing Commission (Commission), an institution that had been in suspended animation for over a year with all seven voting seats vacant, fluttered its eyelids and came back to life. An agreement between the Senate and the White House produced seven new Commissioners: five sitting federal judges, the former General Counsel of the Commission, and a law professor. The new group began work immediately, making itself accessible in meetings with lawyers and judges around the country, exuding an air of intelligence and collegiality, and dispensing in short order with a backlog of amendments to the …

Charitable Choice And The Critics, Carl H. Esbeck

Faculty Publications

First, the statute prohibits the government from discriminating with regard to religion when determining whether providers are eligible to deliver social services under these programs. Second, the statute imposes on government the duty not to intrude into the religious autonomy of faith-based providers. Third, the statute imposes on both government and participating FBOs the duty not to abridge certain rights of the ultimate beneficiaries of these programs. I will touch on these three principles below, and do so in reverse order.

Statutory Rape Law And Enforcement In The Wake Of Welfare Reform, Rigel C. Oliveri

Faculty Publications

The recent national efforts at reforming the welfare system and new research on the connection between teen pregnancy and statutory rape have led many states to enact stricter laws against statutory rape and to increase the enforcement of existing laws. Punitive statutory rape laws are being viewed more and more as a mechanism for shrinking the welfare rolls by reducing teen pregnancy. Rigel Oliveri documents the resurgence of statutory rape law and enforcement and explores the ramifications it will have on teen parents. In particular, Oliveri approaches the issue from several analytical frameworks, discussing arguments for consent-based standards, the privacy …

The Quiet Demise Of Deference To Custom: Malpractice Law At The Millenium, Philip G. Peters Jr.

Faculty Publications

According to conventional wisdom, tort law allows physicians to set their own standard of care. While defendants in ordinary tort actions are expected to exercise reasonable care under the circumstances, physicians traditionally have needed only to conform to the customs of their peers. However, judicial deference to physician customs is eroding. Gradually, quietly and relentlessly, state courts are withdrawing this legal privilege. Already, a dozen states have expressly rejected deference to medical customs and another nine, although not directly addressing the role of custom, have rephrased their standard of care in terms of the reasonable physician, rather than compliance with …