Digital Commons Network^™

Pivotal Advance: Eosinophil Infiltration Of Solid Tumors Is An Early And Persistent Inflammatory Host Response, Stephania A. Cormier, Anna G. Taranova, Carrie Bedient, Thanh Nguyen, Cheryl Protheroe, Ralph Pero, Dawn Dimina, Sergei I. Ochkur, Katie O'Neill, Dana Colbert, Theresa R. Lombari, Stephanie Constant, Michael P. Mcgarry, James J. Lee, Nancy A. Lee

Faculty Publications

Tumor-associated eosinophilia has been observed in numerous human cancers and several tumor models in animals; however, the details surrounding this eosinophilia remain largely undefined and anecdotal. We used a B16-F10 melanoma cell injection model to demonstrate that eosinophil infiltration of tumors occurred from the earliest palpable stages with significant accumulations only in the necrotic and capsule regions. Furthermore, the presence of diffuse extracellular matrix staining for eosinophil major basic protein was restricted to the necrotic areas of tumors, indicating that eosinophil degranulation was limited to this region. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells and adoptive transfer of eosinophils suggested, respectively, …

Positive Selection On Nucleotide Substitutions And Indels In Accessory Gland Proteins Of The Drosophila Pseudoobscura Subgroup, Sheri Dixon Schully, Michael E. Hellberg

Faculty Publications

Genes encoding reproductive proteins often diverge rapidly due to positive selection on nucleotide substitutions. While this general pattern is well established, the extent to which specific reproductive genes experience similar selection in different clades has been little explored, nor have possible targets of positive selection other than nucleotide substitutions, such as indels, received much attention. Here, we inspect for the signature of positive selection in the genes encoding five accessory gland proteins (Acps) (Acp26Aa, Acp32CD, Acp53Ea, Acp62F, and Acp70A) originally described from Drosophila melanogaster but with recognizable orthologues in the D. pseudoobscura subgroup. We compare patterns of selection within the …

Giving Intellectual Property, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine

Faculty Publications

The interdisciplinarity of intellectual property and taxation poses many challenges to the disparate existing norms in each field of law. This Article identifies and critiques the current tax regime governing the giving of intellectual property as a manifestation of the failure to understand the principles and policies underlying intellectual property and the firm. It proposes an incentives-based system that would encourage firms to extricate part of their repository of residual rights by surrendering their monopolistic ownership of intellectual property for the benefit of charitable organizations and, in turn, the development and growth of society.

Initiation Of Apoptosis And Autophagy By Photodynamic Therapy, David Kessel, M. Graça H. Vicente, John J. Reiners

Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives: This study was designed to examine modes of cell death after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Study Design: Murine leukemia L1210 cells and human prostate Bax-deficient DU145 cells were examined after PDT-induced photodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy were used to identify changes in cellular morphology, chromatin condensation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and formation of phagolysosomes. Western blots were used to assess the processing of LC3-I to LC3-II, a marker for autophagy. Inhibitors of apoptosis and/or autophagy were used to delineate the contributions of the two pathways to the effects of PDT. …

The Professionalization Of Law Firm In-House Counsel, Elizabeth Chambliss

Faculty Publications

This Article examines the structural evolution of the "firm counsel" position from a volunteer, part-time position filled by an existing partner to a specialized, often full-time position increasingly filled by career in-house counsel. Based on focus groups and interviews with firm counsel, as well as participant observation at meetings and conferences aimed at firm counsel, I examine how the professionalization of the firm counsel position affects: (1) the definition of the firm as the client; (2) the authority of firm counsel with partners; and (3) firm counsels' professional commitments and attitudes about ethical rules. I find that, from a regulatory …

Heartbeat Of The People': Music And Dance Of The Northern Pow-Wow, Chris J. Goertzen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Writing American Indian Music: Historic Transcriptions, Notations, And Arrangements, Chris J. Goertzen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Histogram Matching For Camera Pose Neighbor Selection, Parris K. Egbert, Bryan S. Morse, Kevin L. Steele

Faculty Publications

A prerequisite to calibrated camera pose estimation is the construction of a camera neighborhood adjacency graph, a connected graph defining the pose neighbors of the camera set. Pose neighbors to a camera C are images containing sufficient overlap in image content with the image from C that they can be used to correctly estimate the pose of C using structure-from-motion techniques. In a video stream, the camera neighborhood adjacency graph is often a simple connected path; frame poses are only estimated relative to their immediate neighbors. We propose a novel method to build more complex camera adjacency graphs that are …

Minimum Spanning Tree Pose Estimation, Parris K. Egbert, Kevin L. Steele

Faculty Publications

The extrinsic camera parameters from video stream images can be accurately estimated by tracking features through the image sequence and using these features to compute parameter estimates. The poses for long video sequences have been estimated in this manner. However, the poses of large sets of still images cannot be estimated using the same strategy because wide-baseline correspondences are not as robust as narrow-baseline feature tracks. Moreover, video pose estimation requires a linear or hierarchically-linear ordering on the images to be calibrated, reducing the image matches to the neighboring video frames. We propose a novel generalization to the linear ordering …

Frequency-Dependent Squeeze-Amplitude Attenuation And Squeeze-Angle Rotation By Electromagnetically Induced Transparency For Gravitational-Wave Interferometers, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Keisuke Goda, Thomas Corbitt, Nergis Mavalvala

Faculty Publications

We study the effects of frequency-dependent squeeze-amplitude attenuation and squeeze-angle rotation by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on gravitational-wave (GW) interferometers. We propose the use of low-pass, bandpass, and high-pass EIT filters, an S-shaped EIT filter, and an intracavity EIT filter to generate frequency-dependent squeezing for injection into the antisymmetric port of GW interferometers. We find that the EIT filters have several advantages over the previous filter designs with regard to optical losses, compactness, and the tunability of the filter linewidth. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

Lipid Trafficking To The Outer Membrane Of Gram-Negative Bacteria, William T. Doerrler

Faculty Publications

The envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is composed of two distinct lipid membranes: an inner membrane and outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric bilayer with an inner leaflet of phospholipids and an outer leaflet of lipopolysaccharide. Most of the steps of lipid synthesis occur within the cytoplasmic compartment of the cell. Lipids must then be transported across the inner membrane and delivered to the outer membrane. These topological features combined with the ability to apply the tools of biochemistry and genetics make the Gram-negative envelope a fascinating model for the study of lipid trafficking. In addition, as lipopolysaccharide is …

The Shoot-Specific Expression Of Γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Directs The Long-Distance Transport Of Thiol-Peptides To Roots Conferring Tolerance To Mercury And Arsenic, Yujing Li, Om Parkash Dankher, Laura Carreira, Aaron P. Smith, Richard B. Meagher

Faculty Publications

Thiol-peptides synthesized as intermediates in phytochelatin (PC) biosynthesis confer cellular tolerance to toxic elements like arsenic, mercury and cadmium, but little is known about their long-distance transport between plant organs. A modified bacterial γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (ECS) gene, S1pt::ECS, was expressed in the shoots of the ECS-deficient, heavy-metal-sensitive cad2-1 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). S1pt::ECS directed strong ECS protein expression in the shoots, but no ECS was detected in the roots of transgenic plant lines. The S1pt::ECS gene restored full mercury tolerance and partial cadmium tolerance to the mutant and enhanced arsenate tolerance significantly beyond wild-type levels. After arsenic treatment, the …

Portrayal Of Disabilities In Caldecott Books, Tina Taylor, Mary Anne Prater, Jennifer Jenson

Faculty Publications

The authors read all of the books that received Caldecott Medal and Honor status awarded between 1938 and 2005 and found that 11 included a character with a disability. For each book, they analyzed characterizations of those with disabilities and generated tips for using the book to teach about disabilities. They argue that accurate portrayals of characters with disabilities, particularly the types of disabilities encountered most frequently by young children, are needed in award-winning picture books.

Resisting Deep Capture: The Commercial Speech Doctrine And Junk-Food Advertising To Children, David Yosifon

Faculty Publications

The present Article is more precisely dedicated to analyzing, from a critical realist perspective, the wisdom and constitutional viability of one possible policy response to the obesity crisis: a ban on junk-food advertising to children.

This Article seeks not only to show that an effective junk-food advertising ban could pass constitutional scrutiny, but also to demonstrate, through the rigor of a constitutional analysis, the wisdom of such an approach to this substantial social problem. Simultaneously, my purpose is to show, in the context of a difficult First Amendment question, that the critical realist approach to legal theory is capable of …

Vittatispora, A New Melanosporaceous Genus From Indian Soil, Preeti Chaudhary, Jinx Campbell, David L. Hawksworth, Kedarnath N. Sastry

Faculty Publications

Vittatispora coorgii gen. sp. nov., isolated from soil in India, is described and illustrated. The fungus has morphological characteristics of the genera Melanospora, Sphaerodes and Syspastospora. The most striking feature is the presence of a thick hyaline ridge along the vertical axis of the lemonshaped ascospores wall. Perithecia also have a long neck composed of adhering hyphae, similar to that of Syspatospora. Phylogenetic studies on the 28S rDNA indicate it is closely related to Melanospora and Sphaerodes and belongs in the Ceratostomataceae. The new genus is based on the distinctive morphology and phylogenetic analyses. The fungus grew in culture only …

Mental Health, Religious Belief, And "The Terrifying Question", Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

In the recent Tim Burton film Big Fish, Albert Finney's yarn-spinning character comments that wild parrots in the Congo will discuss most anything: politics, fashion, literature … but not religion. “Why not religion?” his son queries. “Because it's rude!” snaps the father, “you never know who you might offend.”

Compositional Stability Of Fept Nanoparticles On Sio2/Si During Annealing, Richard R. Vanfleet, B. Yao, R. V. Petrova, K. R. Coffey

Faculty Publications

The loss of Fe due to oxidation or diffusion into the substrate can prevent the successful preparation of well-ordered, stoichiometric, FePt nanoparticles. In this work we report the composition changes during annealing observed for small (<10 nm) FePt nanoparticles on thermally grown SiO2 layers on Si wafer substrates. Additionally, we describe the use of a controlled reducing gas mixture, Ar+H2+H2O, to reduce the loss of Fe.

The Handmade Tale: Cassette-Tapes, Authorship, And The Privatization Of The Pacific Northwest Independent Music Scene, Kathleen F. Mcconnell

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Natalie And James Thompson Art Gallery And The Department Of Art And Art History, Santa Clara University, Jo Farb Hernandez

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Antagonisms, Mutualisms And Commensalisms Affect Outbreak Dynamics Of The Southern Pine Beetle, Richard W. Hofstetter, James T. Cronin, Kier D. Klepzig, John C. Moser, Matthew P. Ayres

Faculty Publications

Feedback from community interactions involving mutualisms are a rarely explored mechanism for generating complex population dynamics. We examined the effects of two linked mutualisms on the population dynamics of a beetle that exhibits outbreak dynamics. One mutualism involves an obligate association between the bark beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis and two mycangial fungi. The second mutualism involves Tarsonemus mites that are phoretic on D. frontalis ("commensal"), and a blue-staining fungus, Ophiostoma minus. The presence of O. minus reduces beetle larval survival ("antagonistic") by outcompeting beetle-mutualistic fungi within trees yet supports mite populations by acting as a nutritional mutualist. These linked interactions potentially …

Nitrate-Dependent Anaerobic Carbon Monoxide Oxidation By Aerobic Co-Oxidizing Bacteria, G. M. King

Faculty Publications

Two dissimilatory nitrate-reducing (Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 and Xanthobacter sp. str. COX) and two denitrifying isolates (Stappia aggregata IAM 12614 and Bradyrhizobium sp. str. CPP), previously characterized as aerobic CO oxidizers, consumed CO at ecologically relevant levels (<100 >ppm) under anaerobic conditions in the presence, but not absence, of nitrate. None of the isolates were able to grow anaerobically with CO as a carbon or energy source, however, and nitrate-dependent anaerobic CO oxidation was inhibited by headspace concentrations >100-1000 ppm. Surface soils collected from temperate, subtropical and tropical forests also oxidized CO under anaerobic conditions with no lag. The observed activity …

Global Stabilization For Systems Evolving On Manifolds, M. Malisoff, M. Krichman, E. Sontag

Faculty Publications

We show that any globally asymptotically controllable system on any smooth manifold can be globally stabilized by a state feedback. Since we allow discontinuous feedbacks, we interpret the solutions of our systems in the "sample and hold" sense introduced by Clarke, Ledyaev, Sontag, and Subbotin (CLSS). We generalize their theorem which is the special case of our result for systems on Euclidean space. We apply our result to the input-to-state stabilization of systems on manifolds with respect to actuator errors, under small observation noise. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.

Effect Of Osmotic Immobilization On Refrigerated Storage And Cryopreservation Of Sperm From A Viviparous Fish, The Green Swordtail Xiphophorus Helleri, Huiping Yang, Leona Hazlewood, Ronald B. Walter, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

In this study, refrigerated storage and cryopreservation of sperm from the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri were investigated. Previous cryopreservation research in this species utilized motile sperm because unlike in most fish species, Xiphophorus sperm can remain continuously motile after collection for a week with refrigerated storage. However, this species reproduces by internal fertilization, and given the significant requirements for motility within the female reproductive tract and potential limitations on sperm energetic capacities, immobilization of sperm prior to insemination could be used to improve fertilization success. Thus, the goal in this study was to use osmotic pressure to inhibit the motility …

Seasonal Variation In Food Intake, Physical Activity, And Body Weight In A Predominantly Overweight Population, Yunsheng Ma, Barbara C. Olendzki, W. Li, Andrea R. Hafner, David E. Chiriboga, James R. Hébert, Mary Jane Campbell, M. Sarnie, Ira S. Ockene

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To describe seasonal variation in food intake, physical activity, and body weight in a predominantly overweight population.

DESIGN:

A longitudinal observational study.

SETTING:

Most of the study participants were recruited from a health maintenance organization (HMO) in central Massachusetts, USA. Additional individuals of Hispanic descent were recruited from outside of the HMO population to increase the ethnic diversity of this sample.

SUBJECTS:

Data from 593 participants, aged 20-70, were used for this investigation. Each participant was followed quarterly (five sampling points: baseline and four consecutive quarters) for 1-year period. Body weight measurements and three 24-h dietary and physical activity …

Re-Defining Superwoman: An Essay On Overcoming The "Maternal Wall" In The Legal Workplace, Nicole Buonocore Porter

Faculty Publications

As Professor Joan Williams comments, most women never even approach the glass ceiling; they are "stopped dead, long beforehand, by the maternal wall." The maternal wall affects women with children in many aspects of their jobs, including hiring, promotions, pay, and even terminations. It is difficult for mothers to perform as ideal workers, because pregnancy, maternity leave, and the continual demands of child-rearing inevitably cause them to be absent from work. In addition, because mothers are not similarly situated to men or women without children, courts permit employers to treat them differently, which usually means they are treated more poorly. …

Building The Emotionally Learned Negotiator, Erin Ryan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Disability And Employment Discrimination At The Rehnquist Court, Anita Silvers, Michael E. Waterstone, Michael Ashley Stein

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Property, Place, And Public Discourse, Timothy Zick

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Jamming Sensor Networks: Attack And Defense Strategies, Wenyuan Xu, Wade Trappe, Yanyong Zhang

Faculty Publications

Wireless sensor networks are built upon a shared medium that makes it easy for adversaries to conduct radio interference, or jamming, attacks that effectively cause a denial of service of either transmission or reception functionalities. These attacks can easily be accomplished by an adversary by either bypassing MAC-layer protocols or emitting a radio signal targeted at jamming a particular channel. In this article we survey different jamming attacks that may be employed against a sensor network. In order to cope with the problem of jamming, we discuss a two-phase strategy involving the diagnosis of the attack, followed by a suitable …

Dial 2004 Working Group Report On Acquisition Quality Control, William A. Barrett, Henry Baird, Frank Le Bourgeois, Xiaofan Lin, George Nagy, Steve Simske, Elisa H. Barney Smith

Faculty Publications

This report summarizes the discussions of the Working Group on Acquisition Quality at the International Workshop on Document Image Analysis for Libraries, Palo Alto, CA, 23-24 January 2004. Acquisition of the image is one of the most time intensive components of forming a digital library, and the quality of the acquisition will affect all later stages of the digital library project. The current state of the art in acquisition is analyzed. Problems and suggested improvements for image acquisition and storage formats and the special problems associated with acquisition from microfilm follows. A list of general suggestions was developed which was …