Digital Commons Network^™

The International Citizens' Tribunal For Sudan Case Number: Icts-1 The Prosecutor Against Omar Hasan Ahmad Al-Bashir President Of The Government Of Sudan, Beth Van Schaack

Faculty Publications

This Indictment served as the basis for the presentation of the case against President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir of Sudan before an International Citizens' Tribunal for Sudan. The model Indictment charged al-Bashir with genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in Darfur under the most current theories of individual criminal responsibility under international criminal law. The Tribunal was staffed by a panel of African and North American jurists, Nobel Peace Prize winner Wole Soyinko of Nigeria presiding. The proceedings themselves involved oral testimony by a former member of the Department of State, a journalist active in Darfur, a representative of …

Highly Efficient Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation From Whole Blood And Label-Free Enumeration Using Polymer-Based Microfluidics With An Integrated Conductivity Sensor, André A. Adams, Paul I. Okagbare, Juan Feng, Matuesz L. Hupert, Don Patterson, Jost Götten, Robin L. Mccarley, Dimitris Nikitopoulos, Michael C. Murphy, Steven A. Soper

Faculty Publications

A novel microfluidic device that can selectively and specifically isolate exceedingly small numbers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through a monoclonal antibody (mAB) mediated process by sampling large input volumes (≥1 mL) of whole blood directly in short time periods (<37 >min) was demonstrated. The CTCs were concentrated into small volumes (190 nL), and the number of cells captured was read without labeling using an integrated conductivity sensor following release from the capture surface. The microfluidic device contained a series (51) of high-aspect ratio microchannels (35 μm width x 150 μm depth) that were replicated in poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, from …

Confronting Adr Agreements' Contract/No-Contract Conundrum With Good Faith, Amy J. Schmitz

Faculty Publications

This Article explores the intricate problem, or conundrum, of enforcing "Alternative Dispute Resolution ('ADR') agreements" that require mediation or other non-binding dispute resolution procedures. Although public policy supports ADR, courts' inadequate analysis of ADR agreements is threatening their vitality. Instead of properly considering the flexible nature of these agreements, courts assume formalist contract or no-contract conclusions similar to those they impose on what Professor Charles Knapp has termed "contracts to bargain." ADR agreements and other contracts to bargain pose enforcement problems because they require parties' cooperation without specifying what cooperation means or how to enforce such flexible duties. This Article …

Notes From A Climate Change Pressure-Cooker: Sub-Federal Attempts At Transformation Meet National Resistance In The Usa, Cinnamon P. Carlarne

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Knowing Which Deanship Is The Right One, R. Lawrence Dessem

Faculty Publications

In this Article, I elaborate on this subject and suggest ways in which the dean candidate can avoid the poor fit that might lead to a deanship that is unsatisfactory, either for her as dean or for the law school that otherwise might hire her. In order to maximize the chance of a good fit between the dean candidate and law school, the candidate should (1) carefully plan her law school dean search; (2) conduct thorough discovery concerning schools of potential interest during the search process; (3) be candid and open during the interview process; and (4) take time to …

It's What We're Here For: Nurses Caring For Military Personnel During The Persian Gulf Wars, Patricia Rushton, Lynn Clark Callister, Jared E. Scott

Faculty Publications

Military nursing service during wartime represents significant contributions to a unique type of health care. The purposes of this study were to: (1) generate themes that elucidate combat nursing experiences, (2) honor nurses who served by sharing their stories, and (3) permanently archive accounts of nursing personnel who served during the Persian Gulf Wars during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Eleven military nurses who provided health care to American troops in the Persian Gulf participated in a historical study as part of the ongoing Nurses at War oral history project documenting the experiences of nurses during times of …

Controlling Methamphetamine Precursors: The View From The Trenches, Curtis J. Vanderwaal Dr., Rachel M. Bishop, Duane C. Mcbride, Kimberly Rosales, Jamie F. Chriqui, Jean C. O'Connor, Yvonne M. Terry-Mcelrath

Faculty Publications

This paper reports on key informant (KI) and focus group interviews exploring the relationships between methamphetamine small toxic lab (STL) seizures and related activity, and methamphetamine precursor laws. The primary purposes of the KI and focus group interviews were to: 1) examine KIs’ perceptions of the impact of their state’s precursor laws; 2) explore KIs’ perceptions of the organizational and procedural facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of the law(s); and 3) evaluate KIs’ perceptions of the relative importance of various precursor law provisions. Research questions included: 1) What were KIs’ perceptions of the impact of their state’s precursor laws?; …

America's Founding Editors, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Temperature Sensitivity And Cell Division Defects In An Escherichia Coli Strain With Mutations In Yghb And Yqja, Encoding Related And Conserved Inner Membrane Proteins, Kandi Thompkins, Ballari Chattopadhyay, Ying Xiao, Margaret C. Henk, William T. Doerrler

Faculty Publications

Ludox density gradients were used to enrich for Escherichia coli mutants with conditional growth defects and alterations in membrane composition. A temperature-sensitive mutant named Lud135 was isolated with mutations in two related, nonessential genes: yghB and yqjA. yghB harbors a single missense mutation (G203D) and yqjA contains a nonsense mutation (W92TGA) in Lud135. Both mutations are required for the temperature-sensitive phenotype: targeted deletion of both genes in a wild-type background results in a strain with a similar phenotype and expression of either gene from a plasmid restores growth at elevated temperatures. The mutant has altered membrane phospholipid levels, with elevated …

Graduate Training In Sociological Theory And Theory Construction, Barry N. Markovsky

Faculty Publications

Nearly all of sociology's top graduate training programs require their students to complete one or two courses on sociological theory. The instructors for these courses have an extraordinary opportunity to affect the perspectives and practices of future generations of scholars. This study assesses the backgrounds, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of those instructors regarding different approaches to theorizing, with particular attention paid to topics related to science and to theory construction. Sociologists who teach required theory courses in the discipline's top fifty graduate training programs were asked a series of questions pertaining to their own training and to the courses they …

Doing More Or Doing Less For The Environment: Shedding Light On Epa's "Stealth" Method Of Environmental Enforcement, Ronald H. Rosenberg

Faculty Publications

Since the 1970s, environmental protection goals have gone from general statements of political desire to highly articulated systems of environmental regulation implemented by federal, state, and local governments. Environmental statutes have been enacted giving administrative agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the responsibility for translating broad policy goals into specific regulatory requirements. Through its enforcement program, EPA seeks to assure that these general goals are achieved by individual actors. This Article examines a recent trend in EPA's practices, increased reliance on internal agency methods of enforcement. The study analyzes EPA's administrative enforcement system with particular emphasis on …

College Males: Keeping Them Engaged On Your Campus, Jason A. Laker

Faculty Publications

There has been much discussion in the popular media over the last few years to the effect that there is a “crisis” with regard to men in higher education. There have been several angles in these reports, including arguments suggesting that men are declining in student ranks, or that women are outpacing their male counterparts. In any case, these reports have asked questions about where the men are if not in college; and what will be the consequences of this problem in terms of the workforce, families, or the potential nature and future of higher education. One could easily be …

School Librarianship: Career Choice And Recruitment, Donna M. Shannon

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Understanding (Dis)Abilities Through Children's Literature, Stephanie A. Kurtts, Karen W. Gavigan

Faculty Publications

The authors of this article examined how pre-service teachers can use children's and young adult literature about disabilities to enhance understanding of individual differences through a bibliotherapeutic approach. An introduction to bibliotherapy is provided along with related literature from the field. Strategies for using children's and young adult literature to enhance the understanding of issues associated with disabilities are presented along with one teacher candidate's application of the literature in her classroom. The authors have also included a selected bibliography of children's literature on disabilities as well as relevant websites

Open And Accessible: The Relationship Between Closures And Circulation In School Library Media Centers., Gail Dickinson, E Cogdell, Karen W. Gavigan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Everything Is Transformative: Fair Use And Reader Response, Laura A. Heymann

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Upstream Sequences In Selecting The Reading Frame On Tmrna, Allen R. Buskirk, Mickey R. Miller, David W. Healey, Jonathan D. Dewey, Stephen G. Robison

Faculty Publications

tmRNA acts first as a tRNA and then as an mRNA to rescue stalled ribosomes in eubacteria. Two unanswered questions about tmRNA function remain: how does tmRNA, lacking an anticodon, bypass the decoding machinery and enter the ribosome? Secondly, how does the ribosome choose the proper codon to resume translation on tmRNA? According to the -1 triplet hypothesis, the answer to both questions lies in the unique properties of the three nucleotides upstream of the first tmRNA codon. These nucleotides assume an A-form conformation that mimics the codon-anticodon interaction, leading to recognition by the decoding center and choice of the …

Characterizing Subpixel Variability Of Low Resolution Radiometer Derived Soil Moisture Using High Resolution Radar Data, Ujjwal Narayan, Venkataraman Lakshmi

Faculty Publications

Soil moisture estimates obtained using passive remote sensing from satellite platforms often suffer from the drawback of coarse spatial resolution. In this current work, low resolution soil moisture estimates from passive remote sensing are fused with high resolution radar backscatter data to produce soil moisture change estimates at the spatial resolution of radar. More specifically, soil moisture estimated from AMSR-E and TMI (separate cases) for a single 50 km × 50 km pixel has been fused with TRMM-PR backscatter data at 5 km resolution to produce soil moisture change estimates at 5 km resolution. A brief sensitivity analysis has been …

Theoretical And Formal Continuity In James Tenney's Music, Brian Belet

Faculty Publications

James Tenney created much of his music and theoretical writing as an objective experimenter, observer and codifier. This article examines Tenney's traits of curiosity, experimentation and honest self-evaluation through a subset of his compositions from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Although quite diverse in many ways, these compositions share his mark of intense individuality, integrity and compositional rigor, which creates a macro-unity and formal continuity between works. Perhaps this is his ultimate ‘clang’ and conceptual ‘temporal gestalt-unit’. Each composition grows out of the need to address one or more specific formal questions: each work is indeed an experiment designed to …

Climate Change Education And The Ecological Footprint, E. Cordero, Anne Marie Todd, D. Abellerra

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Word Recognition Materials For Native Speakers Of Taiwan Mandarin, Shawn L. Nissen, Richard W. Harris, Alycia Dukes

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To select, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate word recognition materials that can be used to measure the speech perception abilities of native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin in quiet. Method: Frequently used bisyllabic words produced by male and female talkers of Taiwan Mandarin were digitally recorded and subsequently evaluated using 20 native listeners with normal hearing at 10 intensity levels (-5 to 40 dB HL) in increments of 5 dB. Results: Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest psychometric slopes were divided into 4 lists and 8 half-lists that were relatively equivalent in psychometric function slope. To increase …

The Architecture Of Instructional Theory, Andrew S. Gibbons, Clint P. Rogers

Faculty Publications

This chapter joins a discussion of instructional theory that has been ongoing for nearly a century. It departs in some ways from prior discussions: (1) it considers instructional theory as a species of technological theory rather than as a type of scientific theory, a view expressed more fully elsewhere (Gibbons, 2003a), (2) it adopts the viewpoint articulated in earlier chapters of this book that there are multiple distinct bodies of technological theory that pertain to the work of instructional designers, (3) it attempts to articulate a particular view of the nature of two of those bodies of theory by describing …

Message In A Bottle: Lyrical Laments And Emotional Expression In Mandopop, Marc L. Moskowitz

Faculty Publications

This article explores the ubiquitous themes of loneliness, isolation and anomie in Mandopop (Mandarin Chinese language pop music). This is not to imply that people in the PRC and Taiwan are lonelier than people from other countries but, rather, that being human they experience these emotions. What is distinctive here is that Mandopop becomes a primary conduit to express feelings that are sanctioned in daily speech. The article addresses these concerns and uses in-depth interviews in Shanghai and Taipei to find out why Mandopop's themes of loneliness and isolation are so resonant to its fans.

Preparation Of Botanical Samples For Biomedical Research, Zhijun Liu

Faculty Publications

Plants are chemical storehouses, a fact which has driven countless multidisciplinary quests for bioactive compounds. As the very first step of botanical research, the whole desire is to find "hit" plants with specific bioactivities. It is logical to use some strategies that can maximize the chances of finding these "hits" with limited time and resources. In addition to selecting the right plants for screening, how the plant extracts are prepared can also influence the bioactivity screening outcomes. An extract from the same plant material can be quite different in chemical composition having different preparations. Because of the complex mixture nature …

Antitrust Language Barriers: First Amendment Constraints On Defining An Antitrust Market By A Broadcast's Language, And Its Implications For Audiences, Competition, And Democracy, Catherine J. K. Sandoval

Faculty Publications

This Article contends that the decision to define an antitrust market by the broadcast's language raises concerns about its constitutionality and its effect on competition and democracy. If inaccurate, the market definition may not only distort competition, it may limit the broadcaster's freedom of speech and the public's ability to hear that programming. The First Amendment protects speakers and those who wish to hear that speaker's message.

Using First Amendment jurisprudence, Section II of this Article analyzes the standard of review for evaluating a market definition based on a broadcast's language.

This Article uses social science research on Spanish- and …

Family Capitalism: Wendels, Haniels, Falcks, And The Continental European Model, By Harold James, Michael S. Smith

Faculty Publications

A review of Family Capitalism: Wendels, Haniels, Falcks, and the Continental European Model, by Harold James

Idealized Images In Science In Law: The Expert Witness In Trial Movies, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Neuroprotection Via Matrix-Trophic Coupling Between Cerebral Endothelial Cells And Neurons, Shuzhen Guo, Woo Jean Kim, Josephine Lok, Sun Ryung Lee, Elaine Besancon, Bing Hao Luo, Monique F. Stins, Xiaoying Wang, Shoukat Dedhar, Eng H. Lo

Faculty Publications

The neurovascular unit is an emerging concept that emphasizes homeostatic interactions between endothelium and cerebral parenchyma. Here, we show that cerebral endothelium are not just inert tubes for delivering blood, but they also secrete trophic factors that can be directly neuroprotective. Conditioned media from cerebral endothelial cells broadly protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and amyloid neurotoxicity. This phenomenon is largely mediated by endothelial-produced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) because filtering endothelial-conditioned media with TrkB-Fc eliminates the neuroprotective effect. Endothelial production of BDNF is sustained by β-1 integrin and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling. Noncytotoxic levels of …

Rapid Increases In Obesity In Jamaica, Compared To Nigeria And The United States, Ramón A. Durazo-Arvizu, Amy Luke, Richard S. Cooper, Guichan Cao, Lara Dugas, Adebowale Adeyemo, Michael Boyne, Terrence Forrester

Faculty Publications

Background. Weight gain in adulthood is now common in many populations, ranging from modest gains in developing countries to a substantial percentage of body weight in some Western societies. To examine the rate of change across the spectrum of low to high-income countries we compared rates of weight change in samples drawn from three countries, Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States. Methods. Population samples from Nigeria (n = 1,242), Jamaica (n = 1,409), and the US (n = 809) were selected during the period 1995-1999 in adults over the age of 19; participation rates in the original survey were 96%, …

Themes And Trends Of Journal Of Family And Economic Issues: A Review Of Twenty Years (1988–2007), Jeffrey P. Dew

Faculty Publications

This review article examines the progress and impact of the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (JFEI) between 1988–2007. Over the past 20 years, JFEI has become a major journal publishing articles on the relationship between families and economic systems. JFEIcontributed to both the economic and family studies disciplines by publishing articles that explore the interface of these two disciplines. Between 1988 and 2007, JFEI published articles on a variety of themes not often found in other economic or family studies journals such as family resource management, consumer attitudes and behaviors, and economic issues and family relationships. Other unique …