Digital Commons Network^™

Reply To Comments On "Examining The Scientific Consensus On Climate Change", Peter T. Doran, Maggie Kendall Zimmerman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Federal And State Judicial Selection In An Interest Group Perspective, Rafael Gely, Michael E. Solimine

Faculty Publications

The literature on judicial selection systems has given considerable attention to the role that politicians and their parties - through their legislative roles - have played in the adoption and operation of these judicial selection systems. Less attention, however, has been given to both the effect that interest groups, broadly defined, have in the creation and implementation of judicial selection systems and the effect that these systems have on the strategies adopted by interest groups to accomplish their goals. This Article seeks to fill this gap. Using the framework advanced by William M. Landes and Richard A. Posner in their …

Forward: Sandra Day O'Connor, Earl F. Nelson, And State Judicial Selection And Retention Systems, R. Lawrence Dessem

Faculty Publications

In difficult cases, in unpopular cases, in cases that may draw criticism from the executive branch of government, the legislature, the media, or the general populace, it is essential that judges be insulated from public pressure. However much we believe in the strength and integrity of the human spirit, we cannot expect judges to do justice without establishing an institutional framework that guarantees them that their next decision, however loathsome or unpopular, will not be their last.

How Not To Seek An Award Of Attorney's Fees, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Examples Of Coorbit Spaces For Dual Pairs, Jens Gerlach Christensen, Gestur Ólafsson

Faculty Publications

In this paper we summarize and give examples of a generalization of the coorbit space theory initiated in the 1980's by H.G. Feichtinger and K.H. Gröchenig. Coorbit theory has been a powerful tool in characterizing Banach spaces of distributions with the use of integrable representations of locally compact groups. Examples are a wavelet characterization of the Besov spaces and a characterization of some Bergman spaces by the discrete series representation of SL2(ℝ). We present examples of Banach spaces which could not be covered by the previous theory, and we also provide atomic decompositions for an example related to a non-integrable …

Young Adult Volunteering In Public Libraries: Managerial Implications, Anthony Bernier

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Disability-Selective Abortion And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Dov Fox, Christopher L. Griffin Jr.

Faculty Publications

This Article examines the influence of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) on affective attitudes toward children with disabilities and on the incidence of disability-selective abortion. Applying regression analysis to U.S. natality data, we find that the birthrate of children with Down syndrome declined significantly in the years following the ADA’s passage. Controlling for technological, demographic, and cultural variables suggests that the ADA may have encouraged prospective parents to prevent the existence of the very class of people it was designed to protect. We explain this paradox by showing the way in which specific ADA provisions could have given rise …

Correlated Response In A Driven Flow Of Self-Organizing Particles Around A Slit In Porous Media By Interacting Lattice Gas, Ras B. Pandey, J.F. Gettrust

Faculty Publications

The flow of immiscible particles (A, B) through a porous medium with a vertical slit is studied by an interacting lattice-gas computer simulation on a discrete lattice. The source of the particles is connected to the bottom and particles are driven upward by concentration gradient and a pressure bias against gravity. Distribution of flowing particles around the slit is examined as a function of the slit width and bias at high and low porosity at a steady state. At the low bias, a sharp change in the densities (high in slit to low in adjacent porous media) of both constituents …

Reasons Why Women Do Not Initiate Breastfeeding: A Southeastern State Study, Chinelo A. Ogbuanu, Janice C. Probst, Sarah B. Laditka, Jihong Liu, Jongdeuk Baek, Saundra Glover

Faculty Publications

Purpose - Despite the increase in breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States, only five states have met the three Healthy People 2010 breastfeeding objectives. Our objectives are to study women's self-reported reasons for not initiating breastfeeding and to determine whether these reasons vary by race/ethnicity, and other maternal and hospital support characteristics.

Methods - Data are from the 2000-2003 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, restricting the sample to women who did not initiate breastfeeding (unweighted n = 2,917). Reasons for not initiating breastfeeding are characterized as individual reasons, household responsibilities, and circumstances. Analyses include the χ^{2 …}

Supporting Induction Teachers' Development Using Performance-Based Video Evidence, Peter Rich, Richard E. West, Michael Hannafin, Arthur Recesso, Craig Shepherd

Faculty Publications

This formative research study was designed to inform the development of the Teacher Success Model (TSM), an initiative to develop a systematic, evidence-informed model for teacher assessment. While the overall initiative includes all teachers, support professionals, and evaluators, this study focused on induction teachers and their mentors/administrators. Participants were shown sample digital videos corresponding to seven pre-selected TSM attributes, and were asked to identify, annotate, and rate instances where specific attributes were evident. Overall, our findings indicated that participants could identify examples of key teaching attributes in the videos and that group reflection and discussion enabled many to refine their …

A Narrative Account Of The Wider Impact Of The 7 July 2005 London Bomb Attacks, Shahid Bux, Sarah M. Coyne

Faculty Publications

The London bombings on 7 July 2005 highlighted the prevailing terrorist threat to the UK. The present study addressed the psychological response of community (n=294) indirectly exposed to the attacks to discern he broader impact and effects of terrorism. Qualitative content analysis was used to develop a profile of emotions and responses to the attacks. This was supplemented by the use of linguistic analysis demonstrating the enormous heterogeneity and complexity of responses to terrorism. In light of previous work on the wider impact of terrorism, the present study highlighted a relatively restrained impact of terrorism. Notwithstanding this observation, responses were …

Open Access: What Is It And What Does It Mean For Academic Authors?, C. Jeffrey Belliston

Faculty Publications

What is Open Access? The modern Open Access (or OA) movement has historical roots — some fairly recent and some much older. If one has a correct understanding of these historical roots, the OA movement will properly be seen as evolutionary rather than as revolutionary. In addition to this theoretical treatment of the "what is OA" question, a treatment of what John Willinsky has called the "flavors" of OA will elucidate the very practical side of the same question." What does OA mean for academic authors? Just as with the "what is OA" question, there are multiple sides to the …

Spatial And Spectral Properties Of The High-Order Harmonic Emission In Argon For Seeding Applications, Xinkui He, M. Miranda, J. Schwenke, O. Guilbaud, T. Ruchon, C. Heyl, E. Georgadiou, R. Rakowski, A. Persson, M. B. Gaarde, A. L'Huillier

Faculty Publications

We characterize and control the harmonic emission in the spectral and spatial domains in order to define in which conditions the harmonic radiation can be a high-quality seed for soft x-ray and x-ray free-electron lasers. The length of the gas cell, where harmonics are generated, was optimized and the energy per pulse was determined in absolute value with a calibrated x-ray photodiode. The beam spatial profile was measured and, in some conditions, a very collimated beam with a half-angle divergence below 1 mrad could be obtained. We also show that increasing the intensity of the fundamental laser field leads to …

The Psbp Protein, But Not The Psbq Protein, Is Required For Normal Thylakoid Architecture In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Xiaoping Yi, Stefan R. Hargett, Laurie K. Frankel, Terry M. Bricker

Faculty Publications

Interfering RNA was used to suppress the expression of the genes At1g06680 and At2g30790 in Arabidopsis thaliana, which encode the PsbP-1 and PsbP-2 proteins, respectively, of Photosystem II. A phenotypic series of transgenic plants was recovered that expressed intermediate and low amounts of PsbP. Earlier we had documented significant alterations in a variety of Photosystem II parameters in these plant lines [Yi, X., Liu, H., Hargett, S. R., Frankel, L. K., Bricker, T. M. (2007). The PsbP protein is required for photosystem II complex assembly/stability and photoautotrophy in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 34, 24833-24841]. In this communication, we document …

Aebp2 As A Potential Targeting Protein For Polycomb Repression Complex Prc2, Hana Kim, Keunsoo Kang, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

AEBP2 is a zinc finger protein that has been shown to interact with the mammalian Polycomb Repression Complex 2 (PRC2). In the current study, we characterized this unknown protein and tested its potential targeting roles for the PRC2. AEBP2 is an evolutionarily well-conserved gene that is found in the animals ranging from flying insects to mammals. The transcription of mammalian AEBP2 is driven by two alternative promoters and produces at least two isoforms of the protein. These isoforms show developmental stage-specific expression patterns: the adult-specific larger form (51 kDa) and the embryo-specific smaller form (32 kDa). The AEBP2 protein binds …

The Psychology Behind Helping And Prosocial Behaviors: An Examination From Intention To Action, Jennifer L. Silva, Loren D. Marks, Katie E. Cherry

Faculty Publications

When disasters strike, many people rise to the challenge of providing immediate assistance to those whose lives are in peril. The spectrum of helping behaviors to counter the devastating effects of a natural disaster is vast and can be seen on many levels, from concerned individuals and community groups to volunteer organizations and larger civic entities. In this chapter, we examine the psychology of helping in relation to natural disasters. Definitions of helping behaviors, why we help, and risks of helping others are discussed first. Next, we discuss issues specific to natural disasters and life span considerations, noting the developmental …

Faith, Crisis, Coping, And Meaning Making After Katrina: A Qualitative, Cross-Cohort Examination, Loren D. Marks, Katie E. Cherry, Jennifer L. Silva

Faculty Publications

Very few studies in the disaster literature include elderly adults, whose life experiences, perceptions, and spiritual needs in the post-disaster period may markedly differ in comparison to younger cohorts. In this 3, we address the topic of how young, middle age, older, and oldest-old adults coped with and made meaning of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita during the storms and their aftermath. The individuals who provided the qualitative interviews upon which this chapter is based were enrolled in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (LHAS), a multidisciplinary study of the determinants of longevity and healthy aging (see Cherry, Silva, & Galea, Chapter …

Book Review - Hiring And Firing, Rebekah K. Maxwell

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Psychologism And American Instructional Technology, David Wiley, Bekir Gur

Faculty Publications

Note: This is not the final draft of the article. The centrality of psychology in the field of instructional technology has never been comprehensively questioned; most instructional technologists have assumed that (behaviorist, cognitivist, constructivist, or another) psychology is the natural foundation for education and thus for instructional technology. The driving question of this article is: What are the problems of psychologism as found in the theories and practices of instructional technology? We present a brief genealogy of American instructional technology in relation to the influence of psychology; review critical psychology and discuss some problems of psychologism focusing on positivism, metaphysics, …

Variations In The Composition Of Gelling Agents Affect Morphophysiological And Molecular Responses To Deficiencies Of Phosphate And Other Nutrients 1[C]W[Oa], Ajay Jain, Michael D. Poling, Aaron P. Smith, Vinay K. Nagarajan, Brett Lahner, Richard B. Meagher, Kashchandra G. Raghothama

Faculty Publications

Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability triggers an array of spatiotemporal adaptive responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). There are several reports on the effects of Pi deprivation on the root system that have been attributed to different growth conditions and/or inherent genetic variability. Here we show that the gelling agents, largely treated as inert components, significantly affect morphophysiological and molecular responses of the seedlings to deficiencies of Pi and other nutrients. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed variable levels of elemental contaminants not only in different types of agar but also in different batches of the same agar. Fluctuating levels of …

High-Throughput Single Cell Arrays As A Novel Tool In Biopreservation, Kenneth L. Roach, Kevin R. King, Korkut Uygun, Steven C. Hand, Isaac S. Kohane, Martin L. Yarmush, Mehmet Toner

Faculty Publications

Microwell array cytometry is a novel high-throughput experimental technique that makes it possible to correlate pre-stress cell phenotypes and post-stress outcomes with single cell resolution. Because the cells are seeded in a high density grid of cell-sized microwells, thousands of individual cells can be tracked and imaged through manipulations as extreme as freezing or drying. Unlike flow cytometry, measurements can be made at multiple time points for the same set of cells. Unlike conventional image cytometry, image analysis is greatly simplified by arranging the cells in a spatially defined pattern and physically separating them from one another. To demonstrate the …

Developing Systems For Cyber Situational Awareness, James. S. Okolica, J. Todd Mcdonald, Gilbert L. Peterson, Robert F. Mills, Michael W. Haas

Faculty Publications

In both military and commercial settings, the awareness of Cyber attacks and the effect of those attacks on the mission space of an organization has become a targeted information goal for leaders and commanders at all levels. We present in this paper a defining framework to understand situational awareness (SA)—especially as it pertains to the Cyber domain—and propose a methodology for populating the cognitive domain model for this realm based on adversarial knowledge involved with Cyber attacks. We conclude with considerations for developing Cyber SA systems of the future.

What Is Shared? A Framework For Understanding Shared Innovation Within Communities, Richard E. West

Faculty Publications

The 21st century economy often requires the innovative production of conceptual and physical artifacts. These innovations frequently are developed collaboratively within communities of workers. Previous theories about the nature of work and learning within communities have emphasized shared meaning or shared practice, but now shared innovation is required. In this paper, I describe the development of a model for conceptualizing and studying shared innovation within communities. This model was created from merging elements of social learning and creativity/innovation theories. I explain that at an intersection of these two domains is a unique kind of social structure, called a Community of …

A Survey Of Perspectives On Intergovernmental Relations: A Comparative Analysis Of The Czech And Slovak Republics, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia, Scott M. Smith

Faculty Publications

The results of a survey of local government officials from the Slovak and Czech Republics taken in December of 2005 are presented and analyzed. Attitudes about and perspectives of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the two republics are probed. Differences and similarities in Czech and Slovak views are established regarding some of the perceptions of: local autonomy and the sufficiency of available funds; whether or not public services are supplied by the appropriate levels of government; the potential benefits of adopting a serious rather than a nominal property tax; and the flexibility of local budget planning in Czech and Slovak cities …

Toward A Pervasive Communication Environment Perspective, Ted Coopman

Faculty Publications

In a world where pervasive communication technologies facilitate an increasing percentage of human interaction, the traditional dichotomy between face-to-face and mediated communication (especially computer mediated communication) obscures more than it illuminates. This has impacts for both teaching and research. To address this, I propose a holistic approach: Pervasive Communication Environment Perspective (PCE). Represented as a graphic model, PCE illustrates the circular flow of information and communication across mediums, channels, and individuals. This provides a conceptual tool with practical applications for teaching as well as research.

Networks Of Dissent: Emergent Forms In Media Based Collective Action, Ted Coopman

Faculty Publications

The micro radio movement expanded over the course of 1990s and resulted in the creation of a Low Power Radio Service in 2000. Micro radio activists successfully leveraged the then emerging Internet and other digital technologies to further their cause. By doing so, participants developed new modes of organization and repertoires of action unique to the new interface between analog and digital worlds. In exploring this phenomenon, I developed dissentworks theory – describing how collective action emerges within digital environments. I offer his approach as a tool to reassess the impacts of an infrastructural approach to media based dissent collective …

Genome Degradation In Brucella Ovis Corresponds With Narrowing Of Its Host Range And Tissue Tropism, Renee M. Tsolis, Rekha Seshadri, Renato L. Santos, Felix J. Sangari, Juan M. García Lobo, Maarten F. De Jong, Qinghu Ren, Garry Myers, Lauren M. Brinkac, William C. Nelson, Robert T. Deboy, Samuel Angiuoli, Hoda Khouri, George Dimitrov, Jeffrey R. Robinson, Stephanie Mulligan, Richard L. Walker, Philip E. Elzer, Karl A. Hassan, Ian T. Paulsen

Faculty Publications

Brucella ovis is a veterinary pathogen associated with epididymitis in sheep. Despite its genetic similarity to the zoonotic pathogens B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, B. ovis does not cause zoonotic disease. Genomic analysis of the type strain ATCC25840 revealed a high percentage of pseudogenes and increased numbers of transposable elements compared to the zoonotic Brucella species, suggesting that genome degradation has occurred concomitant with narrowing of the host range of B. ovis. The absence of genomic island 2, encoding functions required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as inactivation of genes encoding urease, nutrient uptake and utilization, and outer …

Childhood Sexual Abuse, Other Childhood Factors, And Pathways To Survivors’ Adult Relationship Quality, Eric C. Walker, Thomas B. Holman, Dean M. Busby

Faculty Publications

We were interested in understanding how the effects of childhood sexual abuse, in concert with other negative childhood experiences, were carried forward into adult romantic relationships. Data from 15,831 married or cohabitating individuals were gathered via the RELATE Questionnaire. Empirical research, attachment theory, and a general model of adult relationship quality suggested that the path from negative childhood events to adult relationship quality was mediated by a number of individual and relational affect-laden variables. Results showed that childhood abuse and other family-of-origin variables work primarily through the adult survivor’s perceptions of the events of his or her childhood. This “current …

Digital World Update For Nlu Cmb, May 2009 Revised, Kathleen A. Walsh

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Changes In Composition Of Culturable Bacteria Community In The Gut Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite Depending On Rearing Conditions Of The Host, C. Husseneder, J. M. Berestecky, J. K. Grace

Faculty Publications

The hindgut of feeding termites that feed on wood and litter contains a diverse population of bacteria and protists that contribute to the carbon, nitrogen, and energy requirements of the termite. For understanding the ecological balance in the termite gut, detailed knowledge about the composition of the microbial gut flora is imperative, i.e., the numbers and relative proportions of the microbial taxa and the variability in the microbial composition among different termite colonies and living conditions of termites should be described. Therefore, we isolated and enumerated eight bacterial morphotypes from the gut of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes]]formosanus Shiraki. Five …