Digital Commons Network^™

Bounds On Vacuum-Orthogonal Lorentz And Cpt Violation From Radiative Corrections, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

Certain forms of Lorentz violation in the photon sector are difficult to bound directly, since they are “vacuum orthogonal”—meaning they do not change the solutions of the equations of motion in vacuum. However, these very same terms have a unique tendency to contribute large radiative corrections to effects in other sectors. Making use of this, we set bounds on four previously unconstrained d=5 photon operators at the 10⁻²⁵–10⁻³¹  GeV⁻¹ levels.

Carrington-Class Events As A Great Filter For Electronic Civilizations In The Drake Equation, Robert D. Loper

Faculty Publications

The Drake equation is a calculation providing an upper bound on the likely number of intelligent species in our galaxy. In order to reconcile a potentially high occurrence of intelligent extraterrestrial species with the current non-observation of them, we frequently resort to some Great Filter which represents some inevitable, cataclysmic fate (such as nuclear war, pandemic, or asteroid impact) that tends to await enough worlds to negate the expectation that the galaxy ought to be teeming with intelligent life. This paper is intended to examine one potential Great Filter for electronic-based civilizations, the impact of a Carrington-class coronal mass ejection …

Median Confidence Regions In A Nonparametric Model, Edsel A. Pena, Taeho Kim

Faculty Publications

The nonparametric measurement error model (NMEM) postulates that Xi=Δ+ϵi,i=1,2,…,n;Δ∈R with ϵi,i=1,2,…,n, IID from F(⋅)∈Fc,0, where Fc,0 is the class of all continuous distributions with median 0, so Δ is the median parameter of X. This paper deals with the problem of constructing a confidence region (CR) for Δ under the NMEM. Aside from the NMEM, the problem setting also arises in a variety of situations, including inference about the median lifetime of a complex system arising in engineering, reliability, biomedical, and public health settings, as well as in the economic arena such as when dealing with household income. Current methods …

Intelligent Machine Learning: Tailor-Making Macromolecules, Yousef Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Alexander Penlidis, Esmaiel Jabbari, Florian J. Stadler, Philippe Zinck, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

Faculty Publications

Nowadays, polymer reaction engineers seek robust and effective tools to synthesize complex macromolecules with well-defined and desirable microstructural and architectural characteristics. Over the past few decades, several promising approaches, such as controlled living (co)polymerization systems and chain-shuttling reactions have been proposed and widely applied to synthesize rather complex macromolecules with controlled monomer sequences. Despite the unique potential of the newly developed techniques, tailor-making the microstructure of macromolecules by suggesting the most appropriate polymerization recipe still remains a very challenging task. In the current work, two versatile and powerful tools capable of effectively addressing the aforementioned questions have been proposed and …

Still Missing Dark Matter: Kcwi High-Resolution Stellar Kinematics Of Ngc1052-Df2, Shany Danieli, Pieter Van Dokkum, Charlie Conroy, Roberto Abraham, Aaron Romanowsky

Faculty Publications

The velocity dispersion of the ultra diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 was found to be σgc = 7.8 +5.2/-2.2 km s−1, much lower than expected from the stellar mass–halo mass relation and nearly identical to the expected value from the stellar mass alone. This result was based on the radial velocities of 10 luminous globular clusters that were assumed to be associated with the galaxy. A more precise measurement is possible from high-resolution spectroscopy of the diffuse stellar light. Here we present an integrated spectrum of the diffuse light of NGC1052-DF2 obtained with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), with an instrumental …

Extreme Chemical Abundance Ratio Suggesting An Exotic Origin For An Ultradiffuse Galaxy, Ignacio Martín-Navarro, Aaron Romanowsky, Jean Brodie, Anna Ferr´E-Mateu, Adebusola Alabi, Duncan Forbes, Margarita Sharina, Alexa Villaume, Viraj Pandya, David Martinez-Delgado

Faculty Publications

Ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) are a population of extended galaxies but with relatively low luminosities. The origin of these objects remains unclear, largely due to the observational challenges of the low surface brightness Universe. We present here a detailed stellar population analysis of a relatively isolated UDG, DGSAT I, based on spectroscopic data from the Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field unit. The star formation history of DGSAT I seems to be extended, with a mean luminosity-weighted age of ∼3 Gyr, in agreement with previous photometric studies. However, we find a very high [Mg/Fe] abundance ratio, which is extreme even in …

Austere Location Wind Turbine Energy System Analysis, Lukas Cowen, Douglas S. Dudis, Torrey J. Wagner

Faculty Publications

One promising technology to combat an energy shortage in austere locations is wind energy. In combination with battery storage and generator backup, we explore the feasibility of using a hybrid energy system to reduce the volume of diesel fuel required. Modeling the energy demands in austere locations will enable missions in remote settings to optimize their energy costs, increased their energy resiliency and assure their supply. For a modeled time-series energy requirement that varied between 2.4 MW and 5.1 MW, the optimal wind system size was 9.9 MW of installed wind power paired with a 741 kWh battery. Assuming an …

An Effective Model For Engaging Faculty And Undergraduate Students In Neuroscience Outreach With Middle Schoolers, Peter J. Vollbrecht, Riley S. Frenette, Andrew J. Gall

Faculty Publications

Engaging undergraduate students in science outreach events is critical for improving future communication between scientists and community members. Outreach events are opportunities for faculty and undergraduates to utilize active learning strategies to engage non-scientists in scientific questions and principles. Through careful design of outreach events, undergraduate students can practice science communication skills while reaching populations of the public that remain underserved and underrepresented in scientific fields. Here we describe a classroom outreach event designed to give a broad overview of the field of neuroscience to middle school students of all backgrounds by delivering the content in school, during school hours. …

Atmospheric Propagation Of High Energy Lasers: Thermal Blooming Simulation, Jonathan Gustafsson, Benjamin F. Akers, Jonah A. Reeger, Sivaguru S. Sritharan

Faculty Publications

High Energy Laser (HEL) propagation through turbulent atmosphere is examined via numerical simulation. The beam propagation is modeled with the paraxial equation, which in turn is written as a system of equations for a quantum fluid, via the Madelung transform. A finite volume solver is applied to the quantum fluid equations, which supports sharp gradients in beam intensity. The atmosphere is modeled via a coupled advection-diffusion equation whose initial data have Kolmogorov spectrum. In this model the combined effects of thermal blooming, beam slewing, and deep turbulence are simulated.

Self-Report Qris: Challenges With Validation, Jacob A. Esplin, Brionne G. Neilson, Ann M. Berghout Austin, Alexander Fronk

Faculty Publications

Research Findings: The current study looks at the validity of a voluntary self-report Quality Rating and Improvement System (QRIS) and the characteristics of participating childcare centers. The self-reported quality indicators are compared to external ratings of quality Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised ([ECERS-R]) and correlated with variables such as size of center and number of state subsidy clients. ECERS-R scores were unrelated to capacity but significantly lower for centers with a large percentage of state-supported clients. Regarding self-reported quality, centers frequently under-reported their quality and what was claimed was not always externally validated, suggesting a self-report QRIS may not be …

Paternal Self-Efficacy: A Parenting Resilience Factor For Fathers With Depression, Mark Herrick Trahan, Kevin Shafer

Faculty Publications

Parental depression has a negative effect on child development including mental and physical health, language and development, and externalizing and internalizing behavior. This quantitative research study examined the relationship between paternal self-efficacy (PSE) and parenting behaviors often associated with paternal depression. Data from the Survey of Contemporary Fathers were used and responses from self-identified fathers (n = 1,156) on paternal involvement, warmth, harsh parenting practices, and parenting self-efficacy were analyzed to assess the association between depression and PSE on fathering behavior. Ordinary least squares regression analysis indicated that depression was associated with harsh parenting and parenting warmth, while parenting self-efficacy …

Autonomous Seawater PCo2 And Ph Time Series From 40 Surface Buoys And The Emergence Of Anthropogenic Trends, Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. Mcphaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, Robert A. Weller

Faculty Publications

Ship-based time series, some now approaching over 3 decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO₂) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous marine carbon sensors and technologies over the last 2 decades have led to the expansion of observations at fixed time series sites, thereby improving the capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability in the ocean. Here , we present a data product of 40 individual autonomous moored surface ocean pCO₂ (partial pressure of CO₂) time series established between …

There Is No Ambiguity In The Radiatively Induced Gravitational Chern-Simons Term, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

Quantum corrections to Lorentz- and CPT-violating QED in flat spacetime produce unusual radiative corrections, which can be finite but of undetermined magnitude. The corresponding radiative corrections in a gravitational theory are even stranger, since the term in the fermion action involving a preferred axial vector bμ would give rise to a gravitational Chern-Simons term that is proportional b^μ, yet which actually does not break Lorentz invariance. Initially, the coefficient of this gravitational Chern-Simons term appears to have the same ambiguity as the coefficient for the analogous term in QED. However, this puzzle is resolved by the fact that …

Chemical Durability And Dissolution Kinetics Of Iodoapatite In Aqueous Solutions, Zelong Zhang, William L. Ebert, Tiankai Yao, Jie Lian, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Jianwei Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2019 American Chemical Society. Understanding the long-term release of radionuclides from nuclear waste to the environment is critical for public acceptance and sustainability of nuclear energy. Iodoapatite, a synthetic material similar to mineral vanadinite proposed for radioactive iodine-129 immobilization, is employed in this study as a model system for iodine waste forms and ceramic waste forms in general to understand its long-term chemical durability. Semidynamic leaching experiments were performed in cap-sealed Teflon vessels to evaluate the chemical durability at temperatures from 20 to 90 °C and pH values from 4 to 9 using deionized water and pH buffer solutions. …

Ultra-Strong Long-Chain Polyamide Elastomers With Programmable Supramolecular Interactions And Oriented Crystalline Microstructures, Lingzhi Song, Tianyu Zhu, Liang Yuan, Jiangjun Zhou, Yaqiong Zhang, Zhongkai Wang, Chuanbing Tang

Faculty Publications

Polyamides are one of the most important polymers. Long-chain aliphatic polyamides could bridge the gap between traditional polyamides and polyethylenes. Here we report an approach to preparing sustainable ultra-strong elastomers from biomass-derived long-chain polyamides by thiol-ene addition copolymerization with diamide diene monomers. The pendant polar hydroxyl and non-polar butyrate groups between amides allow controlled programming of supramolecular hydrogen bonding and facile tuning of crystallization of polymer chains. The presence of thioether groups on the main chain can further induce metal–ligand coordination (cuprous-thioether). Unidirectional step-cycle tensile deformation has been applied to these polyamides and significantly enhances tensile strength to over 210 …

A Second Galaxy Missing Dark Matter In The Ngc 1052, Pieter Van Dokkum, Shany Danieli, Roberto Abraham, Charlie Conroy, Aaron Romanowsky

Faculty Publications

The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 has a very low velocity dispersion, indicating that it has little or no dark matter. Here we report the discovery of a second galaxy in this class, residing in the same group. NGC1052-DF4 closely resembles NGC1052-DF2 in terms of its size, surface brightness, and morphology; has a similar distance of Dsbf =  19.9 2.8 Mpc; and also has a population of luminous globular clusters extending out to 7 kpc from the center of the galaxy. Accurate radial velocities of the diffuse galaxy light and seven of the globular clusters were obtained with the Low Resolution …

A Second Galaxy Missing Dark Matter In The Ngc 1052 Group, Pieter Van Dokkum, Shany Danieli, Roberto Abraham, Charlie Conroy, Aaron Romanowsky

Faculty Publications

The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 has a very low velocity dispersion, indicating that it has little or no dark matter. Here we report the discovery of a second galaxy in this class, residing in the same group. NGC1052-DF4closely resembles NGC1052-DF2 in terms of its size, surface brightness, and morphology; has a similar distance of Dsbf = 19.9 +/- 2.8 Mpc; and also has a population of luminous globular clusters extending out to >7 kpc from the center of the galaxy. Accurate radial velocities of the diffuse galaxy light and seven of the globular clusters were obtained with the Low Resolution Imaging …

Does Family Communication Matter? Exploring Knowledge Of Breast Cancer Genetics In Cancer Families, Deborah Himes, Sarah H. Davis, Jane Lassetter Phd, Rn, Neil E. Peterson, Margaret F. Clayton, Wendy C. Birmingham, Anita Y. Kinney

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Knowledge of breast cancer genetics is critical for those at increased hereditary risk who must make decisions about breast cancer screening options. This descriptive study explored theory-based relationships among cognitive and emotional variables related to knowledge of breast cancer genetics in cancer families. Methods: Participants included first-degree relatives of women with breast cancer who had received genetic counseling and testing. Study participants themselves did not have breast cancer and had not received genetic counseling or testing. Data were collected by telephone interviews and surveys. Variables analyzed included numeracy, health literacy, cancer-related distress, age, education, and the reported amount of …

Diagnosis Of Brain Diseases Via Multi-Scale Time-Series Model, Zehua Zhang, Junhai Xu, Jijun Tang, Quan Zou, Fei Guo

Faculty Publications

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and brain network analysis have been widely applied to automated diagnosis of neural diseases or brain diseases. The fMRI time series data not only contains specific numerical information, but also involves rich dynamic temporal information, those previous graph theory approaches focus on local topology structure and lose contextual information and global fluctuation information. Here, we propose a novel multi-scale functional connectivity for identifying the brain disease via fMRI data. We calculate the discrete probability distribution of co-activity between different brain regions with various intervals. Also, we consider nonsynchronous information under different time dimensions, …

Entropic Energy-Time Uncertainty Relation, Patrick J. Coles, Vishal Katariya, Seth Lloyd, Iman Marvian, Mark M. Wilde

Faculty Publications

Energy-time uncertainty plays an important role in quantum foundations and technologies, and it was even discussed by the founders of quantum mechanics. However, standard approaches (e.g., Robertson's uncertainty relation) do not apply to energy-time uncertainty because, in general, there is no Hermitian operator associated with time. Following previous approaches, we quantify time uncertainty by how well one can read off the time from a quantum clock. We then use entropy to quantify the information-theoretic distinguishability of the various time states of the clock. Our main result is an entropic energy-time uncertainty relation for general time-independent Hamiltonians, stated for both the …

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (Calet) On The International Space Station: Results From The First Two Years On Orbit, Y. Asaoka, O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, S. Bonechi, M. Bongi, A. Bruno, P. Brogi, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, V. Di Felice, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, N. Hasebe, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose

Faculty Publications

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy astroparticle physics space experiment installed on the International Space Station (ISS), developed and operated by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States. The CALET mission goals include the investigation of possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons, of the details of galactic particle acceleration and propagation, and of potential signatures of dark matter. CALET measures the cosmic-ray electron+positron flux up to 20 TeV, gamma-rays up to 10 TeV, and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1, 000 TeV for the more abundant elements during a long-term observation aboard the ISS. …

Measurement Of The Average Shape Of Longitudinal Profiles Of Cosmic-Ray Air Showers At The Pierre Auger Observatory, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. F.M. Albuquerque, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J.Barreira Luz, S. Baur, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, J. Biteau, S. G. Blaess, A. Blanco, J. Blazek

Faculty Publications

The profile of the longitudinal development of showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays carries information related to the interaction properties of the primary particles with atmospheric nuclei. In this work, we present the first measurement of the average shower profile in traversed atmospheric depth at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The shapes of profiles are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization within the range studied, for E>10 17.8 eV . A detailed analysis of the systematic uncertainties is performed using ten years of data and a full detector simulation. The average shape is quantified using two variables related to …

Stochastic Modeling Reveals How Motor Protein And Filament Properties Affect Intermediate Filament Transport, J. C. Dallon, Cecil Leduc, Sandrine Etienne-Manneville, Stephanie Portet

Faculty Publications

Intermediate filaments are a key component of the cytoskeleton. Their trans- port along microtubules plays an essential role in the control of the shape and structural organization of cells. To identify the key parameters responsible for the control of intermediate filament transport, we generated a model of elastic filament transport by microtubule-associated dynein and kinesin. The model is also applicable to the transport of any elastically-coupled cargoes. We inves- tigate the effect of filament properties such as number of motor binding sites, length, and elasticity on motion of filaments. Additionally, we consider the ef- fect of motor properties, i.e. off …

The Knill Graph Dimension From The Minimum Clique Cover, Kassahun Betre, Evatt Salinger

Faculty Publications

In this paper we prove that the recursive (Knill) dimension of the join of two graphs has a simple formula in terms of the dimensions of the component graphs: dim(G1+G2)=1+dimG1+dimG2. We use this formula to derive an expression for the Knill dimension of a graph from its minimum clique cover. A corollary of the formula is that a graph made of the arbitrary union of complete graphs KN of the same order N will have dimension N−1. We finish by finding lower and upper bounds on the Knill dimension of a graph in terms of its clique number.

Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations And Statistical Moments For Designing Healthy Indoor Spaces, Shamia Hoque, Firoza B. Omar

Faculty Publications

Cross-contamination between occupants in an indoor space may occur due to transfer of infectious aerosols. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides detailed insight into particle transport in indoor spaces. However, such simulations are site-specific. This study couples CFD with statistical moments and establishes a framework that transitions site-specific results to generating guidelines for designing “healthy” indoor spaces. Eighteen cases were simulated, and three parameters were assessed: inlet/outlet location, air changes per hour, and the presence/absence of desks. Aerosol release due to a simulated “sneeze” in a two-dimensional ventilated space was applied as a test case. Mean, standard deviation, and skewness of …

Putting It All Together: Adding Value To The Global Ocean And Climate Observing Systems With Complete Self-Consistent Ocean State And Parameter Estimates, David Trossman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Multiplexed Paper Microfluidics For Titration And Detection Of Ingredients In Beverages, Manas Ranjan Gartia, Alisha Prasad

Faculty Publications

Food safety and access to systematic approaches for ensuring detection of food hazards is an important issue in most developing countries. With the arrival of paper-based analytical devices (mu PADs) as a promising, rapid, easy-to-use, and low-cost analytical tool, we demonstrated a simple microfluidic-based titration study for the analysis of packaged fruit juices. Similar, to the titration experiments using traditional glassware in chemistry laboratories, in this study the titration experiments were developed using paper microfluidics for the analysis of several analytes such as pH, vitamin C, sugars, and preservatives present in the packaged fruit juices. The allergen found commonly in …

Bioassay-Guided Isolation And Structure Elucidation Of Fungicidal And Herbicidal Compounds From Ambrosia Salsola (Asteraceae), Frank R. Fronczek

Faculty Publications

The discovery of potent natural and ecofriendly pesticides is one of the focuses of the agrochemical industry, and plant species are a source of many potentially active compounds. We describe the bioassay-guided isolation of antifungal and phytotoxic compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of Ambrosia salsola twigs and leaves. With this methodology, we isolated and identified twelve compounds (four chalcones, six flavonols and two pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones). Three new chalcones were elucidated as (S)-beta-Hydroxy-2,3,4,6'-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxydihydrochalcone (salsolol A), (S)-beta-Hydroxy-2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxydihydrochalcone (salsolol B), and (R)-alpha, (R)-beta-Dihydroxy-2,3,4,4,6'-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone (salsolol C) together with nine known compounds: balanochalcone, six quercetin derivatives, confertin, and neoambrosin. Chemical structures were determined …

Development And Validation Of A New Method To Diagnose Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy By Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Yanli Zhou, Dianfu Li, Haipeng Tang, Yi Xu, Cheng Wang, Zhixin Jiang, Fang Xu, Zhongqiang Zhao, Chunxiang Li, Shaojie Tang, Lijun Tang, Weihua Zhou

Faculty Publications

Aim The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new method to diagnose apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) by the integral quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion and wall thickening from gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Patients and methods Twenty-two consecutive patients, who showed T wave inversion of at least 3 mm in precordial leads and sinus rhythm in ECG, were enrolled. All the patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), gated rest SPECT MPI and echocardiography. According to CMR diagnostic results, 13 patients were categorized as in the AHCM group and the remaining nine …

The Spatial Distribution Of Poverty And The Long Reach Of The Industrial Makeup Of Places: New Evidence On Spatial And Temporal Regimes, Katherine J. Curtis, Junho Lee, Heather A. O'Connell, Jun Zhu

Faculty Publications

A wealth of research identifies industrial structure as a central correlate of place-level poverty and suggests that changes in and the clustering of industry contribute to the spatial clustering of poverty over time. However, few studies have investigated the spatial and temporal dimensions simultaneously, and none have effectively examined spatiotemporal interactions. Consequently, a core tenet of theory on poverty in place has not been adequately examined. To address this limitation, we explicitly test hypotheses about systematic variation in the poverty-industry relationship over time and across space using a new method to quantify dynamic associations by simultaneously accounting for spatial and …