Digital Commons Network^™

Revitalizing Nutrition Education Through Value Enhanced Nutrition Assessment (Vena): Skill Building For Cultural And Linguistic Competence Final Report, Erika Lichter Scd, Diane Friese Mlis, Bridget O'Connor Mpp, Kay Dutram Ms, Rd

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Conversion Of Human 5-Lipoxygenase To A 15-Lipoxygenase By A Point Mutation To Mimic Phosphorylation At Serine-663, Nathaniel C. Gilbert, Zhe Rui, David B. Neau, Maria T. Waight, Sue G. Bartlett, William E. Boeglin, Alan R. Brash, Marcia E. Newcomer

Faculty Publications

The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) initiates biosynthesis of the proinflammatory leukotriene lipid mediators and, together with 15-LOX, is also required for synthesis of the anti-inflammatory lipoxins. The catalytic activity of 5-LOX is regulated through multiple mechanisms, including Ca 2+-targeted membrane binding and phosphorylation at specific serine residues. To investigate the consequences of phosphorylation at S663, we mutated the residue to the phosphorylation mimic Asp, providing a homogenous preparation suitable for catalytic and structural studies. The S663D enzyme exhibits robust 15-LOX activity, as determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses, with only traces of 5-LOX activity remaining; synthesis of the anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 …

Il-22 Signaling Contributes To West Nile Encephalitis Pathogenesis, Fengwei Bai, Penghua Wang, Lauren A. Zenewicz, Jianfeng Dai, David Gate, Gong Cheng, Long Yang, Feng Qian, Xiaoling Yuan, Ruth R. Montgomery, Richard A. Flavell, Terrence Town, Erol Fikrig

Faculty Publications

The Th17 cytokine, IL-22, regulates host immune responses to extracellular pathogens. Whether IL-22 plays a role in viral infection, however, is poorly understood. We report here that Il22^-/- mice were more resistant to lethal West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, but had similar viral loads in the periphery compared to wild type (WT) mice. Viral loads, leukocyte infiltrates, proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of Il22^-/- mice were also strikingly reduced. Further examination showed that Cxcr2, a chemokine receptor that plays a non-redundant role in mediating neutrophil migration, was significantly reduced in Il22^{-/- …}

Body Mass Index Trajectories From Adolescence To Midlife: Differential Effects Of Parental And Respondent Education By Race/Ethnicity And Gender, Katrina M. Walsemann, Jennifer A. Ailshire, Bethany A. Bell, Edward A. Frongillo

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Race/ethnicity and education are among the strongest social determinants of body mass index (BMI) throughout the life course, yet we know relatively little about how these social factors both independently and interactively contribute to the rate at which BMI changes from adolescence to midlife. The purpose of this study is to 1) examine variation in trajectories of BMI from adolescence to midlife by mothers' and respondents' education, and 2) determine if the effects of mothers' and respondents' education on BMI trajectories differ by race/ethnicity and gender.

Design: We used nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth …

The Effect Of Exercise Training Modality On Serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Damon L. Swift, Neil M. Johannsen, Valerie H. Myers, Conrad P. Earnest, Jasper A. J. Smits, Steven N. Blair, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in memory, learning, and neurodegenerative disease. However, the relationship of BDNF with cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear, and the effect of exercise training on BDNF has not been previously explored in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Men and women (N=150) with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an aerobic exercise (aerobic), resistance exercise (resistance), or a combination of both (combination) for 9 months. Serum BDNF levels were evaluated at baseline and follow-up from archived blood samples.

Results: Baseline serum BDNF was not associated with fitness, body composition, anthropometry, glucose control, …

Expertise, Lab Lit, And The Fantasy Of Science Free From Economics, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Drug Resistance Determinants In Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates From A Tertiary-Care Hospital In Beijing, China, Bin Li, Yong Yi, Qi Wang, Patrick C.Y. Woo, Lin Tan, Hua Jing, George F. Gao, Cui Hua Liu

Faculty Publications

Background: The rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates among Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, have risen substantially worldwide. Methodology/Principal Findings: To better understand the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in K. pneumoniae, we analyzed the drug resistance determinants for K. pneumoniae isolates collected from the 306 Hospital, a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China, for the period of September 1, 2010-October 31, 2011. Drug susceptibility testing, PCR amplification and sequencing of the drug resistance determinants were performed. Conjugation experiments were conducted to examine the natural ability of drug resistance to disseminate among Enterobacteriaceae strains using a …

Tracking The Emergence Of A New Breed Using 49,034 Snp In Sheep, James W. Kijas, James E. Miller, Tracy Hadfield, Russell Mcculloch, Elsa Garcia-Gamez, Laercio R. Neto, Noelle Cockett

Faculty Publications

Domestic animals are unique in that they have been organised into managed populations called breeds. The strength of genetic divergence between breeds may vary dependent on the age of the breed, the scenario under which it emerged and the strength of reproductive isolation it has from other breeds. In this study, we investigated the Gulf Coast Native breed of sheep to determine if it contains lines of animals that are sufficiently divergent to be considered separate breeds. Allele sharing and principal component analysis (PCA) using nearly 50,000 SNP loci revealed a clear genetic division that corresponded with membership of either …

Comparison Of Therapeutic Dosimetric Data From Passively Scattered Proton And Photon Craniospinal Irradiations For Medulloblastoma, Rebecca M. Howell, Annelise Giebeler, Wendi Koontz-Raisig, Anita Mahajan, Carol J. Etzel, Anthony M. D'Amelio, Kenneth L. Homann, Wayne D. Newhauser

Faculty Publications

Background: For many decades, the standard of care radiotherapy regimen for medulloblastoma has been photon (megavoltage x-rays) craniospinal irradiation (CSI). The late effects associated with CSI are well-documented in the literature and are in-part attributed to unwanted dose to healthy tissue. Recently, there is growing interest in using proton therapy for CSI in pediatric and adolescent patients to reduce this undesirable dose. Previous comparisons of dose to target and non-target organs from conventional photon CSI and passively scattered proton CSI have been limited to small populations (n ≤ 3) and have not considered the use of age-dependent target volumes in …

Discrimination Of Colon Cancer Stem Cells Using Noncanonical Amino Acid, Xinrui Duan, Honglin Li, Hexin Chen, Qian Wang

Faculty Publications

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Metabolic labelling of newly synthesized proteins with non-canonical amino acids allows us to discriminate CSCs in mixed populations due to the quiescent nature of these cells.

Characterization Of Ba1-X-YCaXSrYTio3 Perovskites As Pb-Free Dielectric Materials, Lingling Zhang, Siwei Wang, Xusheng Wang, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

Use of lead-containing piezoelectric components in electrical and electronic devices has been banned on the EU market since July 1st, 2006. Development of lead-free high performance piezoelectric materials to meet the strong market demand is therefore imperative. In this paper, we report a systematic study on the structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of one class of lead-free piezoelectric materials, Ba_1-x-yCa_xSr_yTiO₃ (x = 0-0.4, and y = 0-0.2) ceramics, using techniques such as XRD, SEM, impedance analyzer, and ferroelectric analyzer. It is found that with increasing Sr concentration in Ba …

Tfiiic Localizes Budding Yeast Etc Sites To The Nuclear Periphery, Shin Ichiro Hiraga, Sotirios Botsios, David Donze, Anne D. Donaldson

Faculty Publications

Chromatin function requires specific three-dimensional architectures of chromosomes. We investigated whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae extra TFIIIC (ETC) sites, which bind the TFIIIC transcription factor but do not recruit RNA polymerase III, show specific intranuclear positioning. We show that six of the eight known S. cerevisiae ETC sites localize predominantly at the nuclear periphery, and that ETC sites retain their tethering function when moved to a new chromosomal location. Several lines of evidence indicate that TFIIIC is central to the ETC peripheral localization mechanism. Mutating or deleting the TFIIIC-binding consensus ablated ETC -site peripheral positioning, and inducing degradation of the TFIIIC subunit …

Dose-Response Effects Of Exercise Training On The Subjective Sleep Quality Of Postmenopausal Women: Exploratory Analyses Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Christopher E. Kline, Xuemei Sui, Martica H. Hall, Shawn D. Youngstedt, Steven N. Blair, Conrad P. Earnest, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Objective: To investigate whether a dose-response relationship existed between exercise and subjective sleep quality in postmenopausal women. This objective represents a post hoc assessment that was not previously considered.

Design: Parallel-group randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Clinical exercise physiology laboratory in Dallas, Texas.

Participants: 437 sedentary or overweight/obese postmenopausal women.

Intervention: Participants were randomised to one of four treatments, each of 6 months of duration: a non-exercise control treatment (n=92) or one of three dosages of moderate-intensity exercise (50% of VO_2peak), designed to meet 50% (n=151), 100% (n=99) or 150% (n=95) of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development …

Rand Patents And Exclusion Orders: Submission Of 19 Economics And Law Professors To The International Trade Commission, Colleen Chien, Richard J. Gilbert, Carl Shapiro, Thomas F. Cotter, Stefania Fusco, Shubha Ghosh, Eric Goldman, Dan L. Burk, Daniel R. Cahoy, Michael A. Carrier, Jorge L. Contreras, Joseph Scott Miller, Michael Risch, Jason Schultz, Ted M. Sichelman, Arti K. Rai, Katherine J. Strandburg, Esther Van Zimmerman, Christal Sheppard

Faculty Publications

In this comment to ITC Investigation 337-TA-745 (Certain Wireless Communication Devices, Motorola v. Apple) we, as teachers and scholars of economics, antitrust and intellectual property, remedies, administrative, and international intellectual property law, former Department of Justice lawyers and chief economists, a former executive official at the Patent and Trademark Office, a former counsel at the ITC Office of the General Counsel, and a former Member of the President’s Council of Economic Adviser take the position that ITC exclusion orders generally should not be granted under § 1337(d)(1) on the basis of patents subject to obligations to license on “reasonable and …

Il-6 Regulation On Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Remodeling During Cancer Cachexia In The ApcMin/+ Mouse, James P. White, Melissa J. Puppa, Shuichi Sato, Song Gao, Robert L. Price, John W. Baynes, Matthew C. Kostek, Lydia E. Matesic, James A. Carson

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Muscle protein turnover regulation during cancer cachexia is being rapidly defined, and skeletal muscle mitochondria function appears coupled to processes regulating muscle wasting. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and the expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics are disrupted in severely cachectic Apc^Min/+ mice. It has not been determined if these changes occur at the onset of cachexia and are necessary for the progression of muscle wasting. Exercise and anti-cytokine therapies have proven effective in preventing cachexia development in tumor bearing mice, while their effect on mitochondrial content, biogenesis and dynamics is not well understood. The purposes of …

Life On Screen And Other Musings On Faith, Food, & Media, Mary E. Hess

Faculty Publications

Media and food have this in common: a healthy diet of either one nourishes us, while an unhealthy diet causes problems. Just as we eat together in families, we should find ways to engage media together as well.

Exploring Barriers To Organ Donation In The African American Communities Of California, D. R. Law, Susan Mcniesh

Faculty Publications

There are a disproportionate number of African-Americans on transplant waiting lists across the country. The outcomes of a transplant are greatly improved when the donor and the recipient are from the same ethnic group. Sadly, the demand for cadaver organs in the African-American community exceeds the supply. Researchers in the past have sought to identify barriers to organ and tissue donation. To date, the studies have been conducted in the eastern and southern regions of the United States. This study examines whether the previously identified barriers are applicable in the African-American communities of California. A revised version of the Bone …

Development Of The Rural Active Living Perceived Environmental Support Scale (Ralpess), M. Reneé Umstattd Phd, Stephanie L. Baller, Erin Hennessy Mph, David Hartley Phd, Mha, Christina D. Economos Phd, Raymond R. Hyatt Phd, Anush Ms, Ma Yousefian, Jeffrey S. Hallam Phd

Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence supports the role of physical and social environments in active living, including perception of environment. However, measurement of perceived environments in rural settings is lacking. This study describes the development of the Rural Active Living Perceived Environmental Support Scale (RALPESS). Methods: Premised on social ecological and cognitive perspectives, 85 initial items were generated through a literature review and a mixed-methods investigation of "activity-friendly" environments. Items were organized by resource areas town center, indoor and outdoor physical activity areas, schools, churches, and areas around the home/neighborhood-and submitted for expert panel review. In 2009, a revised questionnaire was disseminated to …

Financial Decision-Making For Adults Lacking The Capacity To Make Their Own Decisions, David M. English

Faculty Publications

A significant percentage of individuals lack sufficient mental capacity to make financial, health, and personal-care decisions for at least some period during their lifetimes. For those who die suddenly, that period may be brief. For those with Alzheimer’s Disease or other forms of dementia, the period of incapacity may last many years.

How Not To File A Complaint, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Review Of: Enduring Violence: Ladina Women's Lives In Guatemala, David Carey

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Bullying Victimization As A Disability In Public Elementary And Secondary Education, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

This article discusses two reasons why likening bullying victimization to an educational disability makes sense. First, face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying impose on student victims the sort of educational deprivation that the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) addresses in the disabilities arena. Second, today’s belated public sensitivity to school bullying victims resembles the belated public sensitivity to students with disabilities that led to passage of the IDEA in 1975.

Controlling A Master Switch Of Adipocyte Development And Insulin Sensitivity: Covalent Modifications Of Pparγ, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Adipocytes are highly specialized cells that play a central role in lipid homeostasis and the maintenance of energy balance. Obesity, an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, is a major risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. A variety of studies suggest that obesity and T2DM can be linked to a breakdown in the regulatory mechanisms that control the expression and transcriptional activity of PPARγ. PPARγ is a nuclear hormone receptor that functions as a master switch in controlling adipocyte differentiation and development. Also important in controlling glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, PPARγ …

Larval Mosquito Habitat Utilization And Community Dynamics Of Aedes Albopictus And Aedes Japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Isik Unlu, Peter Obenauer, Tony Hughes, Sean Healy, Taryn Crepeau, Ary Farajollahi, Banu Kesavaraju, Dina Fonseca, George Schoeler, Randy Gaugler, Daniel Strickman

Faculty Publications

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. japonicus (Theobald) are important container-inhabiting mosquitoes that transmit disease agents, outcompete native species, and continue to expand their range in the United States. Both species deposit eggs in natural and artificial containers and thrive in peridomestic environments. The goal of our study was to examine the types and characteristics of containers that are most productive for these species in the northeastern United States. In total, 306 containers were sampled in urban, suburban, and rural areas of New Jersey. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors were recorded in an attempt to identify variables associated with the productivity …

Twentieth-Century Burns Scholars: Robert Donald Thornton, Patrick G. Scott

Faculty Publications

Surveys the life and career of the Harvard-educated Burns scholar Robert Donald Thornton (1917-2007), including his early Burns research immediately before and after Word War II (in which he served on Okinawa), describing each of his major books and offering an assessment of his achievement, particularly his revaluation of James Currie as editor and his pioneering work on the Burns songs. Thornton's research archives are now in the G. Ross Roy Collection at the University of South Carolina. Text uploaded here from prepublication revised submission.

Playing Without Aces: Offset And The Limits Of Flexibility Under Clean Air Act Climate Policy, Nathan D. Richardson

Faculty Publications

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to move ahead with regulation of greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act (CAA). Previous work has indicated that basic forms of compliance flexibility—trading—appear to be legally permissible under section III of the CAA. This Article takes a close look at more expansive and ambitious types of flexibility: trading between different kinds of sources, biomass co-firing, and above all, offsets. It concludes that most types of such extended flexibility are either legally incompatible with the CAA, or so legally problematic that EPA is unlikely to adopt them. This has important implications …

Impacts Of Upstream Drought And Water Withdrawals On The Health And Survival Of Downstream Estuarine Oyster Populations, Laura E. Petes, Alicia J. Brown, Carley R. Knight

Faculty Publications

Increases in the frequency, duration, and severity of regional drought pose major threats to the health and integrity of downstream ecosystems. During 2007-2008, the U.S. southeast experienced one of the most severe droughts on record. Drought and water withdrawals in the upstream watershed led to decreased freshwater input to Apalachicola Bay, Florida, an estuary that is home to a diversity of commercially and ecologically important organisms. This study applied a combination of laboratory experiments and field observations to investigate the effects of reduced freshwater input on Apalachicola oysters. Oysters suffered significant disease-related mortality under high-salinity, drought conditions, particularly during the …

The Heartbeat Of The Believer, S. Joseph Kidder

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Democratic Inclusion, Cognitive Development, And The Age Of Electoral Majority, Vivian E. Hamilton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Were Multiple Stressors A "Perfect Storm" For Northern Gulf Of Mexico Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) In 2011?, Ruth H. Carmichael, William M. Graham, Allen Aven, Graham Worthy, Stephan D. Howden

Faculty Publications

An unusual number of near term and neonatal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mortalities occurred in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) in 2011, during the first calving season after two well documented environmental perturbations; sustained cold weather in 2010 and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWHOS). Preceding the stranding event, large volumes of cold freshwater entered the nGOM due to unusually large snowmelt on the adjacent watershed, providing a third potential stressor. We consider the possibility that this extreme cold and freshwater event contributed to the pattern of perinatal dolphin strandings along the nGOM coast. During the 4-month period starting …