Digital Commons Network^™

Navigating The Politics Of Health: A Systematic Review Of U.S. Policymakers’ Views On The Social Determinants Of Health, Health Disparities, Health Equity, And Health In All Policies., M. Lelinneth B. Novilla, Michael C. Goates, Laura A. Galvao, Noyra Melissa Quintana

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Policies shape our society and influence our health. Poor social policies and bad politics create a collective social milieu that result in health inequities. Closing the health gap in our communities will require tackling these root causes. But how are U.S. policymakers addressing the social conditions that negatively influence health? The purpose of this qualitative systematic review is to identify the social determinants of health perceived as legislative priorities by U.S. policymakers and the factors that facilitate or/ hinder their intent to act on the social determinants of health.

METHODS: We searched 30 journal and news media databases and …

Characterizing The Phylogenetic Specialism-Generalism Spectrum Of Mammal Parasites, A. W. Park, M. J. Farrell, J. P. Schmidt, S. Huang, T. A. Dallas, P. Pappalardo, J. M. Drake, P. R. Stephens, R. Poulin, C. L. Nunn, T. J. Davies

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. The distribution of parasites across mammalian hosts is complex and represents a differential ability or opportunity to infect different host species. Here, we take a macroecological approach to investigate factors influencing why some parasites show a tendency to infect species widely distributed in the host phylogeny (phylogenetic generalism) while others infect only closely related hosts. Using a database on over 1400 parasite species that have been documented to infect up to 69 terrestrialmammal host species,we characterize the phylogenetic generalism of parasites using standard effect sizes for three metrics: …

Public Knowledge Of Monarchs And Support For Butterfly Conservation, Jerrod Penn, Hannah Penn, Wuyang Hu

Faculty Publications

© 2018 by the authors. Pollinator populations in North America are in decline, including the iconic monarch butterfly. In order to determine if public knowledge of monarchs informs opinions on butterfly conservation, we surveyed the public to assess their knowledge of monarchs. We also asked participants about their attitudes towards general butterfly conservation and if they believe that butterfly gardens contribute to conservation. Respondents generally had some knowledge of monarchs but were unaware of monarch population declines and the necessity of milkweed to their life cycle. Respondent knowledge was correlated with more positive attitudes about butterfly conservation. Furthermore, membership in …

Effective International Medical Disaster Relief: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Nicolette Broby, Jane H. Lassetter, Mary Williams, Blaine A. Winters

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assist organizations seeking to develop or improve their medical disaster relief effort by identifying fundamental elements and processes that permeate high-quality, international, medical disaster relief organizations and the teams they deploy.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Data were gathered from interviews with key personnel at five international medical response organizations, as well as during field observations conducted at multiple sites in Jordan and Greece, including three refugee camps. Data were then reviewed by the research team and coded to identify patterns, categories, and themes.

Results: The results from this qualitative, …

Biomarkers Of Rehabilitation Therapy Vary According To Stroke Severity, Erin Burke Quinlan, Lucy Dodakian, Jill See, Alison Mckenzie, Jill Campbell Stewart Pt,Phd, Steven C. Cramer

Faculty Publications

Biomarkers that capture treatment effects could improve the precision of clinical decision making for restorative therapies. We examined the performance of candidate structural, functional, and angiogenesis-related MRI biomarkers before and after a 3-week course of standardized robotic therapy in 18 patients with chronic stroke and hypothesized that results vary significantly according to stroke severity. Patients were 4.1 ± 1 months poststroke, with baseline arm Fugl-Meyer scores of 20–60. When all patients were examined together, no imaging measure changed over time in a manner that correlated with treatment-induced motor gains. However, when also considering the interaction with baseline motor status, treatment-induced …

An Experimental Study On Static And Dynamic Strain Sensitivity Of Embeddable Smart Concrete Sensors Doped With Carbon Nanotubes For Shm Of Large Structures, Andrea Meoni, Antonella D'Alessandro, Austin Downey, Enrique García-Macías, Marco Rallini, A. Luigi Materazzi, Luigi Torre, Simon Laflamme, Rafael Castro-Triguero, Filippo Ubertini

Faculty Publications

The availability of new self-sensing cement-based strain sensors allows the development of dense sensor networks for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete structures. These sensors are fabricated by doping cement-matrix mterials with conductive fillers, such as Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), and can be embedded into structural elements made of reinforced concrete prior to casting. The strain sensing principle is based on the multifunctional composites outputting a measurable change in their electrical properties when subjected to a deformation. Previous work by the authors was devoted to material fabrication, modeling and applications in SHM. In this paper, we investigate the …

Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals: Insights On A New Class Of Pollutants, Eric P. Vejerano, Guiying Rao, Lavrent Khachatryan, Stephania A. Cormier, Slawo Lomnicki

Faculty Publications

© 2018 American Chemical Society. Environmentally persistent free radicals, EPFRs, exist in significant concentration in atmospheric particulate matter (PM). EPFRs are primarily emitted from combustion and thermal processing of organic materials, in which the organic combustion byproducts interact with transition metal-containing particles to form a free radical-particle pollutant. While the existence of persistent free radicals in combustion has been known for over half-a-century, only recently that their presence in environmental matrices and health effects have started significant research, but still in its infancy. Most of the experimental studies conducted to understand the origin and nature of EPFRs have focused primarily …

Demonstration Of Versatile Whispering-Gallery Micro-Lasers For Remote Refractive Index Sensing, Lei Wan, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jian Zhou

Faculty Publications

We developed chip-scale remote refractive index sensors based on Rhodamine 6G (R6G)-doped polymer micro-ring lasers. The chemical, temperature, and mechanical sturdiness of the fused-silica host guaranteed a flexible deployment of dye-doped polymers for refractive index sensing. The introduction of the dye as gain medium demonstrated the feasibility of remote sensing based on the free-space optics measurement setup. Compared to the R6G-doped TZ-001, the lasing behavior of R6G-doped SU-8 polymer micro-ring laser under an aqueous environment had a narrower spectrum linewidth, producing the minimum detectable refractive index change of 4 x 10⁻⁴ RIU. The maximum bulk refractive index sensitivity (BRIS) …

Preliminary Long-Term Health Outcomes Associated With Recreation-Based Health And Wellness Programs For Injured Service Members, Jasmine Townsend, Brent L. Hawkins, Jessie L. Bennett, Jamie Hoffman, Tamar Martin, Elaine Sotherden, William Bridges

Faculty Publications

Recreation-based health and wellness programs for military service members are currently a topic of significant interest in the recreation and health industries. This study examined the health outcomes associated with participation in Project Sanctuary, a week-long recreation-based health and wellness family retreat for injured military service members. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine changes in health outcomes over four time points, and considered multiple covariates. One-hundred twenty-seven service members participated. Statistically significant reductions in total scores for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) measures were found, as well as notable improvements in Depression, Anxiety, and Atress Scale (DASS) and mental …

Tuberculosis During Pregnancy In The United States: Racial/Ethnic Disparities In Pregnancy Complications And In-Hospital Death, Erika M. Dennis, Yun Hao, Mabella Tamambang, Tasha N. Roshan, Knubian J. Gatlin, Hanane Bghigh, Oladimeji T. Ogunyemi, Fatoumata Diallo, Kiara K. Spooner, Jason L. Salemi, Omonike A. Olaleye, Kashif Z. Khan, Muktar H. Aliyu, Hamisu M. Salihu

Faculty Publications

Background: Despite decades of efforts to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) in the United States (US), TB still contributes to adverse ill health, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2016, about 87% of the TB cases reported in the US were among racial and ethnic minorities. The objective of this study is to explore the risks for pregnancy complications and in-hospital death among mothers diagnosed with TB across racial/ethnic groups in the US. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized National Inpatient Sample data for all inpatient hospital discharges in the US. We analyzed pregnancy-related …

Participatory And Collaborative Evaluation Strategies To Support Data-Informed Decisions And Management, Christine Marie Bishop, Isaac Karikari, Betty Walton, Stephanie Moynihan

Faculty Publications

Surveys were completed by local stakeholders who had been recruited from local communities and regions by the Indiana System of Care Planning Team. Periodic collection of System of Care Implementation Survey (SOCIS) information identified strengths and ongoing challenges.

Institutionalizing Resilience In U.S. Universities: Prospects, Opportunities, And Models, Morris Foster, James O'Donnell, Mark Luckenbach, Elizabeth Andrews, Emily Steinhilber, John Wells, Mark Davis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Transcriptomics Reveal Transgenerational Effects In Purple Sea Urchin Embryos: Adult Acclimation To Upwelling Conditions Alters The Response Of Their Progeny To Differential Pco2 Levels, Juliet M. Wong, Kevin M. Johnson, Morgan W. Kelly, Gretchen E Hofmann

Faculty Publications

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Understanding the mechanisms with which organisms can respond to a rapidly changing ocean is an important research priority in marine sciences, especially in the light of recent predictions regarding the pace of ocean change in the coming decades. Transgenerational effects, in which the experience of the parental generation can shape the phenotype of their offspring, may serve as such a mechanism. In this study, adult purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were conditioned to regionally and ecologically relevant pCO2 levels and temperatures representative of upwelling (colder temperature and high pCO2) and nonupwelling (average temperature …

Cd Obesity-Prone Rats, But Not Obesity-Resistant Rats, Robustly Ferment Resistant Starch Without Increased Weight Or Fat Accretion, Diana Obanda, Ryan Page, Justin Guice, Anne M. Raggio, Claudia Husseneder, Brian Marx, Rhett W. Stout, David A. Welsh, Christopher M. Taylor, Meng Luo, Eugene E. Blanchard, Zach Bendiks, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Obesity Society Objective: This study used CD obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats to examine how weight gain and fat accretion relate to fermentation levels and microbiota composition after feeding resistant starch (RS). Methods: After feeding OP rats and OR rats a high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks, rats were stratified into three groups: they were fed either an HF diet (group 1: HF-HF) or were switched to a low-fat (LF) diet (group 2: HF-LF) or an LF diet supplemented with 20% RS by weight for 4 weeks (group 3: HF-LFRS). Energy intake, body weight, fermentation variables, …

Cd Obesity-Prone Rats, But Not Obesity-Resistant Rats, Robustly Ferment Resistant Starch Without Increased Weight Or Fat Accretion, Diana Obanda, Ryan Page, Justin Guice, Anne M. Raggio, Claudia Husseneder, Brian Marx, Rhett W. Stout, David A. Welsh, Christopher M. Taylor, Meng Luo, Eugene E. Blanchard, Zach Bendiks, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Obesity Society Objective: This study used CD obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats to examine how weight gain and fat accretion relate to fermentation levels and microbiota composition after feeding resistant starch (RS). Methods: After feeding OP rats and OR rats a high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks, rats were stratified into three groups: they were fed either an HF diet (group 1: HF-HF) or were switched to a low-fat (LF) diet (group 2: HF-LF) or an LF diet supplemented with 20% RS by weight for 4 weeks (group 3: HF-LFRS). Energy intake, body weight, fermentation variables, …

Evaluation Of Surface And Shallow Depth Dose Reductions Using A Superflab Bolus During Conventional And Advanced External Beam Radiotherapy, Jihyung Yoon, Yibo Xie, Rui Zhang

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a methodology to reduce scatter and leakage radiations to patients' surface and shallow depths during conventional and advanced external beam radiotherapy. Superflab boluses of different thicknesses were placed on top of a stack of solid water phantoms, and the bolus effect on surface and shallow depth doses for both open and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) beams was evaluated using thermoluminescent dosimeters and ion chamber measurements. Contralateral breast dose reduction caused by the bolus was evaluated by delivering clinical postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) plans to an anthropomorphic phantom. For the solid water phantom measurements, surface …

Low- And Middle-Income Countries Can Reduce Risks Of Subsequent Neoplasms By Referring Pediatric Craniospinal Cases To Centralized Proton Treatment Centers, Phillip J. Taddei, Nabil Khater, Bassem Youssef, Rebecca M. Howell, Wassim Jalbout, Rui Zhang, Fady B. Geara, Annelise Giebeler, Anita Mahajan, Dragan Mirkovic, Wayne D. Newhauser

Faculty Publications

Few children with cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have access to proton therapy. Evidence exists to support replacing photon therapy with proton therapy to reduce the incidence of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in childhood cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential reduction in SMN incidence and in SMN mortality for pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) patients in LMICs if proton therapy were made available to them. For nine children of ages 2-14 years, we calculated the equivalent dose in organs or tissues at risk for radiogenic SMNs from therapeutic and stray radiation for photon craniospinal …

Effects Of Truck-Mounted, Ultra Low Volume Mosquito Adulticides On Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) In A Suburban Field Setting, Vivek Pokhrel, Nicholas A. Delisi, Robert G. Danka, Todd W. Walker, James A. Ottea, Kristen B. Healy

Faculty Publications

Few studies have examined the impact of mosquito adulticides on honey bees under conditions that reflect actual field exposure. Whereas several studies have evaluated the toxicity of mosquito control products on honey bees, most have been laboratory based and have focused solely on acute mortality as a measure of impact. The goal of this study was to determine effects of routine applications of truck-based ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito adulticides (i.e., Scourge, Duet, and Deltagard) on honey bees in a suburban setting. The mosquito adulticides used in this study were pyrethroids with active ingredients resmethrin (Scourge), prallethrin and sumithrin (Duet), and …

Trans-Ethnic Analysis Of Metabochip Data Identifies Two New Loci Associated With Bmi, J. Gong, K. K. Nishimura, L. Fernandez-Rhodes, J. Haessler, S. Bien, M. Graff, U. Lim, Y. Lu, M. Gross, M. Fornage, S. Yoneyama, C. R. Isasi, P. Buzkova, M. Daviglus, D. Y. Lin, R. Tao, R. Goodloe, W. S. Bush, E. Farber-Eger, J. Boston, H. H. Dilks, G. Ehret, C. C. Gu, C. E. Lewis, K. D.H. Nguyen, R. Cooper, M. Leppert, M. R. Irvin, E. P. Bottinger, L. R. Wilkens, C. A. Haiman, L. Park, K. R. Monroe

Faculty Publications

Objective:Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to assess obesity, which is associated with numerous diseases and negative health outcomes. BMI has been shown to be a heritable, polygenic trait, with close to 100 loci previously identified and replicated in multiple populations. We aim to replicate known BMI loci and identify novel associations in a trans-ethnic study population.Subjects:Using eligible participants from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology consortium, we conducted a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of 102 514 African Americans, Hispanics, Asian/Native Hawaiian, Native Americans and European Americans. Participants were genotyped on over 200 000 SNPs on the Illumina Metabochip custom …

A Large-Scale Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Study Accounting For Smoking Behavior Identifies Multiple Significant Loci For Blood Pressure, Yun J. Sung, Thomas W. Winkler, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Amy R. Bentley, Michael R. Brown, Aldi T. Kraja, Karen Schwander, Ioanna Ntalla, Xiuqing Guo, Nora Franceschini, Yingchang Lu, Ching Yu Cheng, Xueling Sim, Dina Vojinovic, Jonathan Marten, Solomon K. Musani, Changwei Li, Mary F. Feitosa, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Melissa A. Richard, Raymond Noordam, Stella Aslibekyan, Hugues Aschard, Traci M. Bartz, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Yongmei Liu, Alisa K. Manning, Tuomo Rankinen, Albert Vernon Smith, Salman M. Tajuddin, Bamidele O. Tayo, Helen R. Warren, Wei Zhao

Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association analysis advanced understanding of blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor for vascular conditions such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Accounting for smoking behavior may help identify BP loci and extend our knowledge of its genetic architecture. We performed genome-wide association meta-analyses of systolic and diastolic BP incorporating gene-smoking interactions in 610,091 individuals. Stage 1 analysis examined ∼18.8 million SNPs and small insertion/deletion variants in 129,913 individuals from four ancestries (European, African, Asian, and Hispanic) with follow-up analysis of promising variants in 480,178 additional individuals from five ancestries. We identified 15 loci that were genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) in stage 1 and formally replicated in stage 2. A combined stage 1 and 2 meta-analysis identified 66 additional genome-wide significant loci (13, 35, and 18 loci in European, African, and trans-ancestry, respectively). A total of 56 known BP loci were also identified by our results (p < 5 × 10−8). Of the newly identified loci, ten showed significant interaction with smoking status, but none of them were replicated in stage 2. Several loci were identified in African ancestry, highlighting the importance of genetic studies in diverse populations. The identified loci show strong evidence for regulatory features and support shared pathophysiology with cardiometabolic and addiction traits. They also highlight a role in BP regulation for biological candidates such as modulators of vascular structure and function (CDKN1B, BCAR1-CFDP1, PXDN, EEA1), ciliopathies (SDCCAG8, RPGRIP1L), telomere maintenance (TNKS, PINX1, AKTIP), and central dopaminergic signaling (MSRA, EBF2).

Difficulties Using Standardized Tests To Identify The Receptive Expressive Gap In Bilingual Children's Vocabularies, Todd A. Gibson, Linda Jarmulowicz, D. Kimbrough Oller

Faculty Publications

Receptive standardized vocabulary scores have been found to be much higher than expressive standardized vocabulary scores in children with Spanish as L1, learning L2 (English) in school (Gibson et al., 2012). Here we present evidence suggesting the receptive-expressive gap may be harder to evaluate than previously thought. We compared the performance of 116 six-year-old Spanish-English bilingual children in the US to 30 monolingual Spanish-speaking peers in Mexico across two Spanish-language standardized picture naming tests and one standardized picture pointing test. The performance of 134 monolingual English-speaking peers was compared using similar English-language tests. Results revealed the presence and magnitude of …

Work Engagement In Nonprofit Organizations: A Conceptual Model, Sunyoung Park, Junghwan Kim, Jiwon Park, Doo Hun Lim

Faculty Publications

Using the revised job demands–resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, our article aims to develop a conceptual model of the work engagement of paid workers in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) by identifying its antecedents and outcomes discussed in the literature. We found that job resources are prevalent antecedents for work engagement, while three categories of the JD-R model are all significant with work engagement. Although some findings are similar with existing studies for for-profit organizations, others implied that we need a different approach to work engagement of NPO workers. We finally offer a proposed JD-R model of work engagement in …

Vignettes: Implications For Lis Research, Allison Benedetti, John Jackson, Lili Luo

Faculty Publications

Vignettes, brief descriptions of fictional characters and situations, serve as a tool to study people’s lives, perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes about specific situations. Although not widely used in library and information science (LIS) research, vignettes can depersonalize responses to controversial situations or behavioral responses related to abstract concepts when employed in focus groups, in-depth interviews, or surveys. We use two research projects, one focused on the Association of College and Research Libraries’ Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education and one on the vocabulary used to describe library services, to discuss the strengths of vignettes and implications for LIS research.

Detection Of Antibiotic Resistance Toxigenic Clostridium Difficile In Processed Retail Lettuce, Yi Han, Joan King, Marlene E. Janes

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Clostridium difficile is the major cause of infectious diarrhoea in humans after antimicrobial treatment. Clostridium difficile has been isolated from food animals and meat. The main purpose of this study was to characterize C. difficile isolated from retail lettuce and determine the antibiotic resistance using five common clinical-selected antibiotics (metronidazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefotaxime). Materials and Methods: Lettuce samples (grown in California, Arkansas, and Louisiana) were purchased from retail stores. Results: Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from 13.8 per cent (41/297) of the lettuce samples. Among the toxigenic isolates, only 82.9 per cent (34/41) produced toxin B, 17.1 …

Pilot Study Of The Tart Cherry Juice For The Treatment Of Insomnia And Investigation Of Mechanisms, Jack N. Losso, John W. Finley, Namrata Karki, Ann G. Liu, Alfredo Prudente, Russell Tipton, Ying Yu, Frank L. Greenway

Faculty Publications

Background: Insomnia is common in the elderly and is associated with chronic disease, but use of hypnotics increases the incidence of falls. Montmorency tart cherry juice has improved insomnia by self-report questionnaire. Study Question: Is insomnia confirmed by polysomnography and is tryptophan availability a potential mechanism for treating insomnia? Study Design: A placebo-controlled balanced crossover study with subjects older than 50 years and insomnia were randomized to placebo (2 weeks) or cherry juice (2 weeks) (240 mL 2 times/d) separated by a 2-week washout. Measures and Outcomes: Sleep was evaluated by polysomnography and 5 validated questionnaires. Serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), …

Factors Associated With Quit Attempts And Smoking Cessation In Brazil: Findings From The International Tobacco Control Brazil Survey, Leticia Casado, Jim Thrasher, Cristina Perez, Luiz Claudio Thuler, Geoffrey T. Fong

Faculty Publications

Background:
In Brazil, the treatment of tobacco dependence is available at no cost. This study aimed to identify factors associated with attempting to quit and of successful smoking cessation in a population-based sample of Brazilian smokers.

Methods:
Data came from the first two waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Brazil Survey, conducted in 2009 and 2012/2013 in three cities: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Porto Alegre. Prospective cohort data were collected from 488 adults (≥18 years) who smoked at Wave 1 who were resurveyed at Wave 2. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) for two outcomes (making a …

Integrating Nutrition Into Health Systems At Community Level:Impact Evaluation Of The Community‐Based Maternal Andneonatal Health And Nutrition Projects In Ethiopia, Kenya, And Senegal, Jacqueline K. Kung'u, Richard Pendame, Mame Bineta Ndiaye, Mulusew Gerbaba, Sophie Ochola, Adama Faye, Sulochana Basnet, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sara Wuehler, Luz Maria De‐Regil

Faculty Publications

Maternal undernutrition and mortality remain high in several African countries. Key nutrition andhealth interventions improve maternal and birth outcomes. Evidence is scarce on how tostrengthen health systems to ensure pregnant women and newborns are reached with theseinterventions. We conducted three quasi‐experimental nonrandomized Community BasedMaternal and Neonatal Health and Nutrition projects in regions of Ethiopia, Senegal, and Kenyato demonstrate how proven nutrition interventions could be integrated into health programs toimprove knowledge and practices during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. We evaluated impacton knowledge and practices related to maternal and neonatal care using logistic regression andrepeated‐measures models with districts as a fixed variable …

Privacy As Commons: Case Evaluation Through The Governing Knowledge Commons Framework, Brett Frischmann, Madelyn Sanfilippo, Katherine Strandburg

Faculty Publications

Conceptualizing privacy as information flow rules-in-use constructed within a commons governance arrangement, we adapt the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework to study the formal and informal governance of information flows. We incorporate Helen Nissenbaum's “privacy as contextual integrity” approach, defining privacy in terms of contextually appropriate flows of personal information. While Nissenbaum's framework treats contextual norms as largely exogenous and emphasizes their normative valence, the GKC framework provides a systematic method to excavate personal information rules-in-use that actually apply in specific situations and interrogate governance mechanisms that shape rules-in-use. The GKC framework thus directs attention beyond information transmission principles to …

Supporting Strong Families And Capable Communities Through Cross-National Research, Nathan C. Taylor, Deborah K. Hartman, Richard J. Bischoff, Alan Hayes, Paul R. Springer, Hazel E. Dalton, David Perkins

Faculty Publications

Mental and behavioral ill-health are growing global problems and while there are promising evidence-based approaches aimed at reducing their impact, availability of services varies greatly, not only across nations, but also between urban, regional, and remote locations. Rural areas face accessibility and acceptability challenges related to mental health services that are similar to barriers experienced in developing countries. Initiatives to address mental health challenges in under-served rural areas can inform global mental health strategies.

Identifying Apparent Local Stable Isotope Equilibrium In A Complex Non-Equilibrium System, Yuyang He, Xiaobin Cao, Jianwei Wang, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Rationale: Although being out of equilibrium, biomolecules in organisms have the potential to approach isotope equilibrium locally because enzymatic reactions are intrinsically reversible. A rigorous approach that can describe isotope distribution among biomolecules and their apparent deviation from equilibrium state is lacking, however. Methods: Applying the concept of distance matrix in graph theory, we propose that apparent local isotope equilibrium among a subset of biomolecules can be assessed using an apparent fractionation difference (|Δα|) matrix, in which the differences between the observed isotope composition (δ') and the calculated equilibrium fractionation factor (1000lnβ) …