Digital Commons Network^™

Whiteness As Contract, Marissa Jackson Sow

Faculty Publications

2020 forced scholars, policymakers, and activists alike to grapple with the impact of “twin pandemics”—the COVID-19 pandemic, which has devastated Black and Indigenous communities, and the scourge of structural and physical state violence against those same communities—on American society. As atrocious acts of anti-Black violence and harassment by law enforcement officers and white civilians are captured on recording devices, the gap between Black people’s human and civil rights and their living conditions has become readily apparent. Less visible human rights abuses camouflaged as private commercial matters, and thus out of the reach of the state, are also increasingly exposed as …

Melatonin As An Antimicrobial Adjuvant And Anti-Inflammatory For The Management Of Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection, S. Scott Sutton, Joseph Magagnoli Ph.D., Ms, Tammy H. Cummings, James W. Hardin

Faculty Publications

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is strongly associated with inflammation and has the potential to cause recurrent infections. Pre-clinical data suggest that melatonin has beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. This analysis examines the association between melatonin and the risk of recurrent CDI. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with an inpatient diagnosis of CDI along with a positive C. difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test result. Patients were followed until the first study end point (death) or the first instance of recurrent …

Structural Precarity And Potential In Condominium Governance Design, Andrea Boyack

Faculty Publications

In the early hours of June 24, 2021, half of Champlain Towers South Condominium, a thirteen-story multifamily building located in the Miami suburb of Surfside, collapsed without warning. The Miami Herald called the collapse “unprecedented” in that one wing “simply caved in––for no obvious reason.” The collapse killed ninety-eight people and was the deadliest multifamily building engineering failure in US history. After an arduous search and rescue and safely dismantling the rest of the structure, inquiries sought to determine why this deadly collapse happened. Who was to blame, and what could have been done differently?

Within six months of this …

Employment Status For "Essential Workers": The Case For Gig Worker Parity, Miriam A. Cherry

Faculty Publications

The continuing misclassification of gig workers as independent contractors has been problematic for over a decade. Several misconceptions have contributed to this marginalization of on-demand workers: technology that often obscures the work that is being performed; the view that platform work is a side hustle; or that platform work exists only for customer convenience or frivolous requests. During the coronavirus pandemic these myths about gig work were turned upside down as on-demand workers were recognized for their efforts and labeled essential workers. With that recognition came newly-awarded benefits, like pandemic unemployment assistance and paid sick leave. As such, the events …

Occupational Characteristics Of Psychology Baccalaureate Graduates, Adam Butler, Michael Gasser

Faculty Publications

Although the field of psychology is classically associated with a career path in mental health services, career options for graduates with a baccalaureate degree in psychology are far broader. Yet, we do not have a good understanding of the occupational spectrum for psychology graduates or of the skills necessary to excel in those positions. The goal of the present study was to identify the characteristics of occupations held by alumni with a baccalaureate degree in psychology. Understanding these occupational characteristics is useful for career advising and for developing job-relevant skills in the psychology major.

Sanctuary In Time: Shabbat As The Soul Of Modern Jewry And The Essence Of “Doing” Judaism, Trevan G. Hatch, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

According to the Hebrew Scriptures, Shabbat was established from the foundations of the world. It was the climax of God’s creation (Gen 1:1– 2:3; Ex 20:11). God “hallowed” the seventh day “because on it, [He] rested from all the work that he had done in creation” (Gen 2:3, NRSV). Shabbat is also associated with the Exodus from Egypt (see Deut 5:12– 15; cf. Ex 23:9– 12). God commanded Israel to observe Shabbat as a remembrance that they “were slaves in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God brought you out from there” (Deut 5:15, NRSV). After the Exodus, …

Protective Orders And Limited Guardianships: Legal Tools For Sidelining Plenary Guardianship, David M. English, Nina Kohn

Faculty Publications

By encouraging use of limited guardianships and protective orders instead of full guardianships, states can reduce the likelihood of unnecessarily stripping adults of their civil rights. Yet, although such less restrictive alternatives have long been available to most courts, in practice, their use remains limited and sporadic. This article argues that this lack of use suggests that it is not sufficient for the law to state a preference for these less restrictive alternatives, it must actually create systems that incentivize their use and actively discourage the use of full guardianships. This article then shows, using the Uniform Guardianship, Conservatorship, and …

Supply Chain Transparency: Consumer Reactions To Incongruent Signals, Diane A. Mollenkopf, Simone T. Peinkofer, Yu Chu

Faculty Publications

In response to consumers' growing interest in how products are sourced, produced, and distributed, organizations are increasingly transparent about their supply chain sustainability practices. Supply chain transparency (SCT) efforts are intended to signal positive information about the company to consumers but the benefits are often unclear, especially when consumers receive multiple, but mixed signals that include negative events. We draw on signaling theory to explore how consumers develop impressions of a company's products based on different evaluative dimensions: the positive integrity signal of SCT and the negative capability signal of a product recall. The incongruent signal set creates ambiguity for …

Exploring State Department Of Education Grading Guidance During Covid-19: A Model For Future Emergency Remote Learning, Matt Townsley, Joshua Kunnath

Faculty Publications

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many United States brick-and-mortar schools in Spring 2020 rapidly transitioned to emergency remote learning. School leaders grappled with how grades ought to fit within the many unknowns of K-12 remote education. In some cases, schools modified their grading scales to give students greater flexibility to pass courses, and in other situations, schools offered incomplete grades in lieu of failures. During this time, state departments of education (DOEs) provided a variety of guidance documents to their school districts. The purpose of this study was to explore the components of state DOE grading guidance during the Spring …

Discerning Users Of Information: A Qualitative Analysis Of Student Inquiry, Karla Steege Krueger, Joan Bessman Taylor

Faculty Publications

A shift is needed in information and digital literacy instruction and assessment led by elementary and secondary school librarians with an emphasis on the evaluation of information sources. The need is in response to widespread societal sharing of mis- and disinformation related to political news including the politicizing of scientific understandings of a disease and the ensuing distrust of the messages of public health officials during the COVID-19 global pandemic. In this article, I create an instructional framework for information evaluation that is grounded in data derived from a qualitative content analysis of published research, standards, and theoretical perspectives and …

Healthcare System Responses To Non-Communicable Diseases’ Needs Of Syrian Refugees: The Cases Of Jordan And Lebanon, Chaza Akik, Farah Asfahani, Tatiana Elghossain, Sandra Mesmar, Miriam Rabkin, Wafaa El Sadr, Fouad M. Fouad, Hala Ghattas Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction:

Since the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011, Jordan and Lebanon have hosted large refugee populations, with a high pre-conflict burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We aimed to explore NCD service provision to Syrian refugees in these two host countries and to identify lessons learned that may inform the global response to the changing health needs of refugees.

Methods: Between January 2017 and June 2018, we conducted 36 in-depth interviews with stakeholders from Jordan and Lebanon, as well as global stakeholders, to understand the context, the achievements, gaps and priorities in the provision and uptake of NCD prevention, …

Maternal Diet In Pregnancy And Child’S Respiratory Outcomes: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of 18 000 Children, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Evelien R. Van Meel, Johan C. De Jongste, Isabekka Annesi-Maesano, Adrien M. Aubert, Johnathan Y. Bernard, Lin-Wei Chen, Cryus Cooper, Sarah R. Crozier, Wojciech Hanke, Nicholas C. Harvey, James R. Hébert Scd, Barbara Heude, Joanna Jerzynska, Cecily C. Kelleher, John Mehegan, Fionnuala M. Mcauliffe, Catherine M. Phillips, Kinga Polanska, Carolina L. Relton, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Matthew Suderman, Vincent Wv Jaddoe, Liesbeth Duijts

Faculty Publications

Rationale Severe fetal malnutrition has been related to an increased risk of respiratory diseases later in life, but evidence for the association of a suboptimal diet during pregnancy with respiratory outcomes in childhood is conflicting. We aimed to examine whether a pro-inflammatory or low-quality maternal diet during pregnancy was associated with child's respiratory health.

Methods We performed an individual participant meta-analysis among 18 326 mother–child pairs from seven European birth cohorts. Maternal pro-inflammatory and low-quality diets were estimated by energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores. Preschool wheezing and school-age asthma were measured using …

Shaping Your Child's Worldview Through Modeling, Teaching, And Ministering, S. Kidder, Katelyn Campbell Weakley

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Estimated Size And Lost Earnings Of New York’S Second Chance Sealing Gap, Colleen Chien, Navid Shaghaghi, Hithesh Bathala, Sarah-Mae Sanchez, Evan Hastings

Faculty Publications

As states pass reforms to reduce the size of their prison populations, the number of Americans physically incarcerated has declined. However, the number of people whose employment and related opportunities are limited due to their criminal records continues to grow. Another sanction that curtails economic opportunity is the loss of one’s driver’s license for reasons unrelated to driving. While many states have “second chance” laws on the books that provide, e.g. expungement or driver’s license restoration, a growing body of research has documented large “second chance gaps” between eligibility and delivery of relief due to the poor administration of second …

Frenemey Federalism, Scott P. Bloomberg

Faculty Publications

This article introduces the concept of Frenemy Federalism. The term “frenemy” is a portmanteau of “friend” and “enemy” that is defined as a person with whom one is friendly despite a fundamental dislike or rivalry. A frenemy relationship develops between the federal and state governments when the governments work together despite having conflicting objectives in an area of policy. In such situations, mutual incentives make cooperation between the governments conducive to achieving their respective goals, allowing what may otherwise be a contentious relationship to find stability. Amidst the growing body of federalism scholarship, I situate Frenemy Federalism as a point …

Legalization Without Disruption: Why Congress Should Let States Restrict Interstate Commerce In Marijuana, Scott P. Bloomberg

Faculty Publications

Over the past twenty-five years, states have developed elaborate regulatory systems to govern lawful marijuana markets. In designing these systems, states have assumed that the Dormant Commerce Clause (“DCC”) does not apply; Congress, after all, has banned all commerce in marijuana. However, the states’ reprieve from the doctrine may soon come to an end. Congress is on the verge of legalizing marijuana federally, and once it does, it will unleash the DCC, with dire consequences for the states and the markets they now regulate. This Article serves as a wake-up call. It provides the most extensive analysis to date of …

Termination Of Parental Rights As A Private Remedy: Rationales, Realities, And Remedies, Deirdre M. Smith

Faculty Publications

Terminating a parent’s rights—a drastic measure—is commonly associated with public child welfare proceedings, where a state or county child protective services agency has removed a child from their home based on findings of abuse or neglect. In fact, state laws across the country also permit private individuals to petition a court to terminate another person’s parental rights. While private termination actions are not uncommon, there has been scant scholarly examination of these matters, their underlying purposes, and their role in contemporary family law. Termination of parental rights orders in any context interfere with parents’ fundamental constitutional rights, but parents in …

Taxing Creativity, Jeffrey A. Maine

Faculty Publications

The recent sell offs of song catalogs by Bob Dylan, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, and Mick Fleetwood for extraordinarily large sums of money raise questions about the law on creativity. While patent and copyright laws encourage a wide array of creative endeavors, tax laws governing monetization of creative works do not. The Songwriters Capital Gains Equity Act, in particular, solidifies creativity exceptionalism, exacerbates tax inequities among creators, and perpetuates racial disparities in the tax Code. This Article asserts that the law must encourage creativity from all creators. It is time to eliminate tax exceptionalism for musical compositions or expand its …

The Boundaries Of Multi-Parentage, Jessica Feinberg

Faculty Publications

Multi-parentage has arrived. In recent years, a growing number of courts and legislatures have recognized that a child may have more than two legal parents. A number of significant societal, medical, and legal developments have contributed to the trend toward multi-parentage recognition. The traditional family structure of a married different-sex couple and their biological children currently represents only a minority of U.S. families. Stepparents, non-marital partners of legal parents, and extended family members often play a significant role in children’s lives, and it has become increasingly common for same-sex couples to welcome children into their families. In addition, advancements in …

Local Context And Post-Crisis Social Venture Creation, Sergey Anokhin, Todd Morgan, Lisa Jones Christensen, William Schulze

Faculty Publications

Research summary: We investigate the effects of local market and government failure on the creation of social ventures in the context of post-crisis recovery during the period following the dot-com crisis and ending before the housing bubble burst across all Ohio counties. Drawing on social embeddedness theory, we posit that social venture creation rates vary across local contexts and are higher in communities characterized by market and government failures. Longitudinal contextual data from 88 Ohio counties indicates that situations characterized by failures of both types are especially conducive to the creation of local social enterprises. We address the shortage of …

Asynchronous Video Interviews And Artificial Intelligence: A Multi-Study Exploration, Tanner Skousen, Jacob Steffen, Cherileigh Chandler, Warren Rosengren, James Gaskin, Thomas O. Meservy

Faculty Publications

Asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) provide scalable, low-cost opportunities for matching interviewees and organizations. However, the implications of a shift from synchronous interviews aren’t fully understood, especially when design choices such as AI evaluations are employed. To better understand the impact of AVIs, we undertook an exploratory qualitative study in addition to an experiment. The first study involves 100 qualitative responses and exploratory quantitative tests on the relationships between coded values and demographic and trait variables of the respondents. Our second study tests the impact of AI feedback using a large online AVI service while accounting for various disadvantaged groups that …

Back From The Future: Mediation And Prediction Of Events Uncertainty Through Event-Driven Models (Edms), Samuel Ogbeibu, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

The event-driven model (EDM) is an emerging concept in human behavioural research, and understanding how EDMs can promote theory development remains a fundamental quest of predictive science. Traditionally, researchers have heavily depended upon theory confirmation and the inclusion of mediating constructs to clarify uncertainty associated with plausible events (e.g. political, socio-economic, technological, environmental). Though this approach has pushed the field forward, it has also steered mediation research towards largely ignoring the fundamental role of prediction as a key for better understanding future events represented by EDMs. Additionally, emerging research using partial least squares structural equation modelling to execute prediction-oriented analysis …

Impressions Matter More Than Privacy: The Moderating Roles Of Affordances In The Relation Between Social Anxiety And Online Safety- Seeking Behaviors, Xue-Qin Yin, Sebastian Scherr, Lin Jin, James Gaskin, Jin-Liang Wang

Faculty Publications

Though socially anxious individuals tend to seek safety, little is known about whether this relationship depends on context, including the affordances of social networking sites (SNSs) to provide anonymity and publicness, and whether safety-seeking can be explained by impression management, privacy calculus or both. Based on the psychobiological model of social anxiety, we conducted two studies (Study 1: N = 103, Study 2: N = 1,184) to examine the contextual dependence of safety-seeking behaviors and to disentangle which types of concerns mediate the effect of social anxiety on safety-seeking behaviors. Results indicated that socially anxious individuals tend to seek safety …

Advancing Data Literacy: Mapping Business Data Literacy Competencies To The Acrl Framework, Patricia B. Condon, Wendy G. Pothier

Faculty Publications

The relationship between data literacy and business librarianship continues to grow in relevance as the conversation intensifies in higher education and the business world. Establishing shared vocabularies and mappings to foundational library professional documents is essential to moving the discourse forward. This article presents a mapping between seven baseline business data literacy competencies and the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.

State-Level Policy Environments, Discrimination, And Victimization Among Sexual And Gender Minority People, Kristen D. Clark, Mitchell R. Lunn, Eliot M. Lev, Michael A. Trujillo, Micah E. Lubensky, Matthew R. Capriotti, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Annesa Flentje

Faculty Publications

Legislation has been passed in some states to reduce discrimination and victimization toward sexual and gender minority people (SGM; people who are not solely heterosexual and/or whose gender identity is not equal to what is socially associated with sex assigned at birth). The purpose of these analyses is to test whether state-level policy environments are associated with past-year discrimination and victimization among SGM people. Cross-sectional data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study annual questionnaire (collected 2018–2019), a national study of the health of SGM adults in the USA, were used for these analyses. Measures …

“Usefulness Without Use," Or, The Power Of The Virtual: Lu Xun On The Vital Efficacy Of Literature, Wenjin Cui

Faculty Publications

This article explores Lu Xun’s distinct view of the vital efficacy of literature, as

captured in his well-known conception of literature’s “usefulness without use.”

Starting with the highly idealistic vision of his youthful years, which posits an

unmediated flow of power from the free play of poetry to the direct action of politics,

I follow Lu Xun on the strenuous and crisis-ridden path he took in coming to terms

with the uselessness of literature vis-à-vis the power of politics, until he finally

reaffirmed the vital power of literature by pitching the self-transcending virtual

impetus of literature against the conservative actual …

Personalized Priority Policies In Call Centers Using Past Customer Interaction Information, Brett A. Hathaway, Seyed Morteza Emadi, Vinayak Deshpande

Faculty Publications

Companies are increasingly personalizing their product or service offerings based on their customers' history of interactions to increase revenue or improve customer service. In this paper we show how call centers can improve customer service by implementing personalized priority policies. Under personalized priority policies, managers use customer contact history to predict individual-level caller abandonment and redialing behavior and prioritize them based on these predictions to improve operational performance. We provide a framework for how companies can use individual-level customer history data to capture the idiosyncratic preferences and beliefs that impact caller abandonment and redialing behavior, and quantify the improvements to …

Borrowing To Save? The Impact Of Automatic Enrollment On Debt, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, William L. Skimmyhorn

Faculty Publications

Does automatic enrollment into a retirement plan increase financial distress due to increased borrowing outside the plan? We study a natural experiment created when the U.S. Army began automatically enrolling newly hired civilian employees into the Thrift Savings Plan. Four years after hire, automatic enrollmentincreases cumulative contributions to the plan by 4.1% of annual salary, but we find little evidence ofincreased financial distress. Automatic enrollment causes no significant change in credit scores, debt balances excluding auto debt and first mortgages, or adverse credit outcomes, with the possible exception of increasedfirst-mortgage balances in foreclosure.

Free Public Lands Admission For Children And Spillovers In Family Recreation, Jocelyn S. Wikle, Camilla Hodge

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the Every Kid in a Park program to understand recreation and the contextual interaction between family resources, race, and recreation costs in families with young children. Using a large, nationally representative data sample from the American Time Use Survey (N = 5,119), we analyzed changes over time in recreation patterns of different socioeconomic groups before and after the initiation of the Every Kid in a Park program of the United States National Park Service. We found that free admission corresponded with overall increased frequency of hiking with a child for individuals in affected households. Changes in hiking …

Parent–Child Leisure And Parent Affect: The Role Of Family Structure, Camilla Hodge, Jocelyn Wikle

Faculty Publications

This study evaluates differences in parent–child leisure and parent affect across single- and two-parent families. The Ecology of Family Experiences framework suggests contextual factors such as family structure and the novelty of the activity environment contribute to heterogeneity in how parents experience leisure, partly because constraints may differ across family structures. Using a large, nationally representative data sample of parents from the American Time Use Survey (N = 78,353), this study shows single-parents experience leisure deficits compared to other parents, and leisure deficits are greatest in home-based leisure. Additionally, using a subsample (N = 16,214), we found that at-home leisure …