Digital Commons Network^™

Substructure Dependence Of Jet Cross Sections At Hera And Determination Of ΑS, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, J. H. Loizides, S. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, N. Pavel, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, A. Montanari, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, L. Rinaldi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Trt2 TrnaThr Gene Upstream Of Ste6 Is A Barrier To Repression In Matα Cells And Exerts A Potential Trna Position Effect In Mata Cells, Tiffany A. Simms, Elsy C. Miller, Nicolas P. Buisson, Nithya Jambunathan, David Donze

Faculty Publications

A growing body of evidence suggests that genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III exhibit multiple functions within a chromosome. While the predominant function of these genes is the synthesis of RNA molecules, certain RNA polymerase III genes also function as genomic landmarks. Transfer RNA genes are known to exhibit extra-transcriptional activities such as directing Ty element integration, pausing of replication forks, overriding nucleosome positioning sequences, repressing neighboring genes (tRNA position effect), and acting as a barrier to the spread of repressive chromatin. This study was designed to identify other tRNA loci that may act as barriers to chromatin-mediated repression, and …

Stat 5 Activators Can Replace The Requirement Of Fbs In The Adipogenesis Of 3t3-L1 Cells, William C. Stewart, James E. Baugh, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

The 3T3-L1 cells differentiate into fat cells that have many properties of native adipocytes including: substantial lipid accumulation, insulin sensitivity, and the ability to secrete endocrine hormones. A substantial expense in using these cells is fetal bovine serum (FBS), a critical component of efficient adipogenesis. Our recent studies on STAT 5 proteins have revealed that these transcription factors are phosphorylated and translocate to the nucleus immediately after the initiation of differentiation. Studies by several other laboratories also suggest that STAT 5 proteins can have pro-adipogenic properties. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are both potent activators of STAT 5A and …

Phosphonoformate: A Minimal Transition State Analogue Inhibitor Of The Fosfomycin Resistance Protein, Fosa, Rachel E. Rigsby, Chris L. Rife, Kerry L. Fillgrove, Marcia E. Newcomer, Richard N. Armstrong

Faculty Publications

Fosfomycin [(1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonic acid] is a simple phosphonate found to have antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Early resistance to the clinical use of the antibiotic was linked to a plasmid-encoded resistance protein, FosA, that catalyzes the addition of glutathione to the oxirane ring, rendering the antibiotic inactive. Subsequent studies led to the discovery of a genomically encoded homologue in the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The proteins are Mn(II)-dependent enzymes where the metal is proposed to act as a Lewis acid stabilizing the negative charge that develops on the oxirane oxygen in the transition state. Several simple phosphonates, including the …

Prevention Conference Vii - Obesity, A Worldwide Epidemic Related To Heart Disease And Stroke: Executive Summary, Robert H. Eckel, David A. York, Stephan Rössner, Van Hubbard, Ian Caterson, Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Laura L. Hayman, Rebecca M. Mullis, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Clinical Implications Of Obesity With Specific Focus On Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement For Professionals From The American Heart Association Council On Nutrition, Physical Activity, And Metabolism, Samuel Klein, Lora E. Burke, George A. Bray, Steven N. Blair, David B. Allison, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Yuling Hong, Robert H. Eckel

Faculty Publications

Obesity adversely affects cardiac function, increases the risk factors for coronary heart disease, and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The risk of developing coronary heart disease is directly related to the concomitant burden of obesity-related risk factors. Modest weight loss can improve diastolic function and affect the entire cluster of coronary heart disease risk factors simultaneously. This statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism reviews the relationship between obesity and the cardiovascular system, evaluates the effect of weight loss on coronary heart disease risk factors and coronary heart disease, and provides …

The Situational Character: A Critical Realist Perspective On The Human Animal, Jon Hanson, David Yosifon

Faculty Publications

This Article is dedicated to retiring the now-dominant "rational actor" model of human agency, together with its numerous "dispositionist" cohorts, and replacing them with a new conception of human agency that the authors call the "situational character." This is a key installment of a larger project recently introduced in an article titled

The Situation: An Introduction to the Situational Character, Critical Realism, Power Economics, and Deep Capture. That introductory article adumbrated, often in broad stroke, the central premises and some basic conclusions of a new approach to legal theory and policy analysis. This Article provides a more complete version of …

Physical Activity Among Children Attending Preschools, Russell R. Pate, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Stewart G. Trost, Paula Ziegler, Marsha Dowda

Faculty Publications

Objectives. Obesity rates are increasing among children of all ages, and reduced physical activity is a likely contributor to this trend. Little is known about the physical activity behavior of preschool-aged children or about the influence of preschool attendance on physical activity. The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels of children while they attend preschools, to identify the demographic factors that might be associated with physical activity among those children, and to determine the extent to which children’s physical activity varies among preschools.

Methods. A total of 281 children from 9 preschools wore an Actigraph …

High-Threshold, Kv3-Like Potassium Currents In Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurons And Their Role In Spike Repolarization, Talent Shevchenko, Ryoichi Teruyama, William E. Armstrong

Faculty Publications

We identified Kv3-like high-threshold K+ currents in hypothalamic supraoptic neurons using whole cell recordings in hypothalamic slices and in acutely dissociated neurons. Tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive currents (TEA) evoked from -50 I/V were characterized by a large component that inactivated in 10-30 ms, and a smaller, persistent component that inactivated in 1-2 s. UV relations in dissociated neurons revealed TEA-subtracted currents with a slope and voltage dependency consistent with the presence of Kv3-like channels. In slices, tests with 0.01-0.7 mM TEA produced an IC50 of 200-300 nM for both fast and persistent currents. The fast transient current was similar to currents associated …

Staff Nurse Perceptions Of The Contributions Of Students To Clinical Agencies, Geraldine Matsumura, Lynn Clark Callister, Sheri P. Palmer, Amy Harmer Cox, Larissa Larsen

Faculty Publications

This study is a replication and extension of Grindel and associates' 2001 study of the perceptions of staff nurses (psychiatric, perinatal, and medical/surgical) regarding the benefits of having students from a baccalaureate nursing program work in clinical agencies. Using the Nursing Students' Contributions to Clinical Agencies tool, the overall perception of students' contributions ranged from -4 to +5, with a mean of 2.50. The two highest ranked items were "allows opportunities for mentoring" and "threatens professional role development," indicating the ambivalence staff nurses feel toward nursing students. Qualitative data also demonstrated the benefits and challenges of working with students. Recommendations …

Finishing The Euchromatic Sequence Of The Human Genome, Zahra Abdellah, Alireza Ahmadi, Shahana Ahmed, Matthew Aimable, Rachael Ainscough, Jeff Almeida, Claire Almond, Andrew Ambler, Karen Ambrose, Kerrie Ambrose, Robert Andrew, Daniel Andrews, Neil Andrews, Dan Andrews, Eva Apweiler, Hazel Arbery, Beth Archer, Gareth Ash, Kevin Ashcroft, Jennifer Ashurst, Robert Ashwell, Deborah Atkin, Andrea Atkinson, Barry Atkinson, John Attwood, Keith Aubin, Katherine Auger, Terry Avis, Anne Babbage, Sarah Babbage, Joanne Bacon, Claire Bagguley, Jonathan Bailey, Andrew Baker, Ruby Banerjee, Simon Bardill, Darren Barker, Gary Barker, Daniel Barker, Karen Barlow, Laurent Baron, Anika Barrett, Rebecca Bartlett, David Bashman, Victoria Basham, Alex Bateman, Karen Bates, Caroline Baynes, Lisa Beard, Susan Beard, David Beare, Alastair Beasley, Helen Beasley, Oliver Beasley, Stephen Beck, Emma Bell, Damian Bellerby, Tristram Bellerby, Richard Bemrose, James Bennett, David Bentley, Andrew Bentley, Mary Berks, Michael Berks, Graeme Bethel, Christine Bird, Ewan Birney, Helen Bissell, Suzanne Blackburne-Maze, Sarah Blakey, Christel Bolton, James Bonfield, Ralph Bonnett, Richard Border, Amanda Bradley, Nicola Brady, Jason Bray, Sarah Bray-Allen, Anne Bridgeman, Jonathan Brook, Shane Brooking, Andrew Brown, Clive Brown, Jacqui Brown, Margaret Brown, Mary Brown, Richard Bruskiewich, Jackie Bryant, David Buck, Veronica Buckle, Claire Budd, Sarah Buller, Jill Burberry, Deborah Burford, Joanne Burgess, Wayne Burrill, Christine Burrows, John Burton, Christine Burton, Phil Butcher, Adam Butler, Murray Cairns, Nick Camm, Christopher Campbell, Bruno Canning, Carol Carder, Paul Carder, Nigel Carter, Tamara Cavanna, Shani Chalk, Ka Chan, Joanna Chapman, Rachel Charles, Neil Chillingworth, Tom Chothia, Connie Chui, Rob Clack, Michele Clamp, Anthea Clark, Graham Clark, Kevin Clark, Sarah Clark, Sue Clark, Richard Clark, Betty Clarke, Eddie Clarke, Kay Clarke, Adrian Clarke, Laura Clarke, Chris Clee, Shelia Clegg, Karen Clifford, Julia Coates, Victoria Cobley, Alison Coffey, Penelope Coggill, Lotte Cole, Rachael Collier, Simon Collings, John Collins, Philip Collins, Louise Colman, Anthony Connolly, Richard Conner, Jennie Conquer, Donald Conroy, Doug Constance, Leanna Cook, Jonathan Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Robert Cooper, Maria Coppola, Teresa Copsey, Nicole Corby, Linda Cornell, Ruth Cornell, Christine Cornell, Amanda Cottage, Alan Coulson, Gez Coville, Anthony Cox, Tony Cox, Robert Coxhill, Matthew Craig, Tom Crane, Matt Crawley, Victor Crew, James Cuff, Karl Culley, Auli Cummings, Kirsti Cummings, Paul Cummings, Adam Curran, Valery Curwen, Jeffrey Cutts, Rachael Daniels, Lucy Davidson, Jonathon Davies, Joy Davies, Nicholas Davies, Robert Davies, John Davis, Jayne Davis, Matthew Davis, Elisabeth Dawson, Rebecca Deadman, Peter Dean, Simon Dear, Frances Dearden, Marcos Delgado, Panos Deloukas, Janet Dennis, Pawandeep Dhami, Catherine Dibling, Ruth Dobbs, Richard Dobson, Catherine Dockree, Daniel Doddington, Steven Dodsworth, Norman Doggett, Thomas Down, Andrew Dunham, Ian Dunham, Anne Dunn, Matthew Dunn, Richard Durbin, Jillian Durham, Ireena Dutta, Ruth Dwyer, Lauren Dyer, Mark Earthrowl, Timothy Eastham, Emma Eastham, Carol Edwards, Karen Edwards, Andrew Ellington, David Elliot, Matthew Ellwood, Becky Emberson, Helen Errington, Gareth Evans, John Evans, Katie Evans, Richard Evans, Eduardo Eyras, Louisa Faulkner, Charlotte Fellingham, Theresa Feltwell, Stephen Fennell, Robert Finn, Tina Flack, Claire Felming, Kerry Fleming, Jonathan Flint, Mark Flint, Yvonne Floyd, Simon Footman, John Fowler, Deborah Frame, Matthew Francis, Stephen Francis, Adam Frankish, John Frankland, Audrey Fraser, David Fraser, Lisa French, David Fricker, Daniel Frost, Jackie Frost, Lorna Frost, Carole Frost, Liam Fuller, Kathryn Fullerton, Alison Gardner, Patrick Garner, Jane Garnett, Leigh Gatland, Lindsay Gatland, Jilur Ghori, Ben Gibbs, Diane Gibson, Elizabeth Gibson, James Gilbert, Lisa Gilby, Christopher Gillson, Rebecca Glithero, April Gooderham, Matthew Gorton, Darren Grafham, Michael Grant, Susan Grant, Lain Gray, Emma Gray, Lisa Green, James Greenhalgh, Joe Greenhill, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Philippa Gregg, Simon Gregory, Susan Gribble, Coline Griffiths, Ed Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Russell Grocock, Ian Guthrie, Rhian Gwilliam, Rebekah Hall, Karen Halls, Gretta Hall-Tamly, John Hamlett, John Hamlett, Sian Hammond, Julie Hancock, Adam Harding, Joanne Harley, David Harper, Georgina Harper, Patrik Harper, Grant Harradence, Charlene-Lou Harrison, Elliot Harrison, Ruth Harrison, Elizabeth Hart, Daniel Hassan, Natalie Hawkins, Kellie Hawley, Kerry Hayes, Paul Heath, Rosemary Heathcott, Cathy Hembry, Carl Henderson, Tim Herd, Stephen Hewitt, Douglas Higgs, Guy Hillyard, Russell Hinkins, Sara-Jane Ho, David Hodgson, Michael Hoffs, Jane Holden, Janet Holdgate, Ele Holloway, Ian Holmes, Sarah Holmes, Simon Holroyd, Alison Hooper, Lucy Hopewell, Ben Hopkins, Gary Hornett, Geoff Hornsby, Tony Hornsby, Sharon Horsley, Roger Horton, Philip Howard, Philip Howden, Kevin Howe, Gareth Howell, Timothy Hubbard, Elizabeth Huckle, Jaime Hughes, Jennifer Hughes, Louisa Hull, Holger Hummeric, Sean Humphray, Matthew Humphries, Adrienne Hunt, Paul Hunt, Sarah Hunt, Giselle Hunter, David Hyde, Michael Ince, Judith Isherwood, Vivek Iyer, Janet Izatt, Monica Izmajlowicz, Niclas Jareborg, Bijay Jassal, Grant Jeffery, Kim Jeffery, Colin Jeffrey, Kerstin Jekosch, Lee Jenkins, Tina Johansen, Cheryl Johnson, Christopher Johnson, David Johnson, Keith Jolley, Abigail Jones, Claire Jones, Juliet Jones, Matthew Jones, Michael Jones, Steven Jones, Shirin Joseph, Ann Joy, Linsey Joy, Victoria Joy, Gillian Joyce, Mark Jubb, Kanchi Karunaratne, Michael Kay, Danielle Kaye, Lyndal Kearney, Stephen Keenan, Simon Kelley, Joanna Kershaw, Ross Kettleborough, Cathy Kidd, Peter Kierstan, Andrew Kimberley, Andrew King, Simon Kingsley, Colin Kingswood, Gillian Klingle, Andrew Knights, Ian Korf, Anders Krogh, Heena Lad, Philip Laidlaw, Michael Laing, Gavin Laird, Christine Lambart, Ralph Lamble, Cordelia Langford, Ben Larke, Timun Lau, Stephanie Lawlor, Sampsa Leather, Minna Lehvaslaiho, Johannes Lemke, Steven Leonard, Daniel Leongamornlert, Margaret Leversha, Julia Lightning, Sarah Lindsay, Matthew Line, Sally Linsdell, Peter Little, Christine Lloyd, David Lloyd, Victoria Lock, William Lock, Anne Lodziak, Ian Longden, Howard Loraine, Rachel Lord, Jane Loveland, Jamie Lovell, Georgina Lye, Neil Marriott, Anne Marrone, Paul Marsden, Victoria Marsh, Matthew Martin, Sancha Martin, Gareth Maslen, Debbie Mason, Lucy Matthews, Paul Matthews, Nick Matthews, Madalynne Maynard, Owen Mccann, Joseph Mcclay, Craig Mccollum, Louise Mcconnachie, Bill Mcdonald, Louise Mcdonald, Jennifer Mcdowall, Sarah Mcguire, Carole Mckeown, Stuart Mclaren, Kirsten Mclay, James Mclean, John Mcmurdo, Amanda Mcmurray, Des Mcmurray, Natalie Mcwilliams, Nalini Mehta, Patrick Meidi, Noel Menuge, Simon Mercer, Asab Miah, Gos Micklem, Simon Miles, Sarah Milne, Dippica Mistry, Shailesh Mistry, Jake Mitchell, Jeff Mitchell, Maryam Mohammadi, Christophe Molina, Paul Mooney, Madeline Moore, Andrea Moreland, Beverly Mortimore, Richard Mott, Ian Mullenger, Jim Mullikin, Brian Munday, Elaine Munday, Andy Mungall, Clare Murnane, Kerry Murrell, Alison Myers, David Negus, Bee Ng, David Niblett, Jonathan Nicholson, Tim Nickerson, Sukhjit Nijjar, Zemin Ning, James Nisbet, Karen Novik, Christopher Odell, Daniel O'Donovan, Francess Ogbighele, Tom Oinn, Hayley Oliver, Karen Oliver, Helena Orbell, Anthony Osborn, Joan Osborne, Emma Overton-Larty, Sophie Palmer, Richard Pandian, Adrian Parker, Christopher Parkin, Kim Parkin, Ginny Parry-Brown, Dina Patel, Ritesh Patel, Alexandra Pearce, Danita Pearson, Anna Peck, Richard Peck, John Pedan, Sarah Pelan, Chantel Percy, Andrew Perito, Isabelle Perrault, Anna Peters, Roger Pettett, Ben Phillimore, Kim Phillips, Samantha Phillips, Darren Platt, Emma Playford, Bob Plumb, Matthew Pocock, Keith Porter, Tarryn Porter, Christopher Potter, Simon Potter, Don Powell, Radhika Prathalingham, Elena Prigmore, Michael Quail, Hannah Quarrie, Chris Quince, Matloob Qureshi, Helen Ramsay, Yvonne Ramsey, Sally Ranby, Richard Rance, Vikki Rand, Joanne Ratford, Lewis Ratford, Daniel Read, Donald Redhead, Richard Redon, Christine Rees, Mary Reid, Astrid Reinhardt, Alex Rice, Catherine Rice, Peter Rice, Suzzanne Richard, Susan Richardson, Kerry Ridler, Lyn Riethoven, Rachel Rigby, Melanie Robinson, Rebecca Rochford, Jane Rogers, Lisa Rogers, Hugh Ross, Mark Ross, Angela Rule, James Rule, Ben Russell, Jayne Russell, Kamal Safdar, Natalie Salter, Javier Santoyo-Lopez, David Saunders, Carol Scott, Deborah Scott, Ian Scott, Fiona Seager, Margaret Searle, Paul Searle, Stephen Searle, Harminder Sehra, Joe Shakespeare, Jason Shardelow, Greg Sharp, Teresa Shaw, Charles Shaw-Smith, Jennifer Shearing, Karen Sheppard, Richard Silk, Matthew Sims, Sarah Sims, Shanthi Sivadasan, Carl Skuce, Luc Smink, Andrew Smith, Laura Smith, Lorraine Smith, Michelle Smith, Russell Smith, Stephanie Smith, James Smith, Hannah Sneath, Cari Soderlund, Victor Solovyev, Erik Sonnhammer, Elizabeth Sheridan, Ratna Shownkeen, Richard Silk, Matthew Sims, Sarah Sims, Shanthi Sivadasan, Carl Skuce, Luc Smink, Andrew Smith, Laura Smith, Lorraine Smith, Michelle Smith, Russell Smith, Stephanie Smith, James Smith, Hannah Sneath, Cari Soderlund, Victor Solovyez, Erik Sonnhammer, Elizabeth Sotheran, William Spooner, Lee Spraggon, Janet Squares, Suzanna Sqaures, Michael Stables, James Stalker, Steve Stamford, Melanie Stammers, Helen Steingruber, Yvonne Stephens, Charles Steward, Aengus Stewart, Michael Stewart, Ian Still, Mo Stock, Lisa Stoppard, Philip Storey, Roy Storey, Sarah Stowe, Carol Strachan, Greg Strachan, Claire Stribling, John Sturdy, John Sulston, Chris Swainson, Mark Swann, David Swarbreck, Neil Sycamore, Matthew Tagney, Steven Tan, Elizabeth Taring, Amy Taylor, Gillian Taylor, Kate Taylor, Ruth Taylor, Sam Taylor, Susan Taylor, Louise Tee, Julieanne Tester, Andrew Theaker, David Thexton, Craig Thomas, Daniel Thomas, Karen Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Roselin Thommai, Andrea Thorpe, Karen Thorpe, Glen Threadgold, Scott Thurston, Emma Tinsley, Alan Tracey, Johnathan Travers, Anthony Tromans, Ben Tubby, Cristina Tufarelli, Kathryn Turney, Darren Upson, Zoe Van Helmond, Mark Vaudin, Ramya Viknaraja, Wendy Vine, Paul Voak, David Vollenhoven, Sarah Walker, Melanie Wall, Justine Wallis, Michelle Wallis, Graham Warren, Georgina Warry, Andy Watson, Nicola Watt, Anthony Webb, Jeannette Webb, John Weir, Alan Wells, Sarah Wells, Robert Welton, Paul West, Tony West, Angela Wheatley, Carl Wheatley, Gideon Wheeler, Hayley Whitaker, Adam White, Amelia White, Brian White, Johnathon White, Simon White, Sally Whitehead, Matthew Whiteley, Pamela Whittaker, Adam Whittaker, Sara Widaa, Anna Wild, Jane Wilkinson, Paul Wilkinson, David Willey, Andy Williams, Bill Williams, Leanne Williams, Helen Williamson, Tamsin Wilmer, Laurens Wilming, Brian Wilson, Gareth Wilson, Margaret Wilson, Nyree Wilson, Siobhan Wilson, Wendy Wilson, Piers Wilson, Philip Window, Jenny Winster, Claire Winzar, James Witt, Fred Wobus, Emma Wood, Joe Wood, Sharon Woodeson, Kathryn Woodfine, Rebecca Woodmansey, Richard Wooster, Matthew Wray, Paul Wray, Charmain Wright, Kathrine Wright, Debbie Wright, Julia Wyatt, Jane Xie, Louise Young, Shelia Young, Ruth Younger, Shenru Zhao, Amanda Abbott-Ozersky, Amber Isak, Amy Berghoff, Amy D. Reily, Andrea Holmes, Andrew Levy, Andrew Van Brunt, Aniko Sabo, Anthony Harris, Anu Desai, Asif Chinwalla, Aye M. Tin-Wollam, Betty Lamar, Brian Mailey, C. Richard Harkins, Caryn Wagner-Mcpherson, Catherine Marquis-Homeyer, Catrina Fronick, Chad Tomlinson, Charlene Pearman, Christine Nguyen, Chunyan Wang, Colin Kremitzki, Craig Pohl, Cynthia Strong, Dan Layman, Dan Bentley, Darin Blasiar, David Dooling, Delali Buatsi, Douglas Johnson, Edward A. Belter Jr., Edward Paulson, Elaine R. Mardis, Elizabeth Boatright, Ernest Goyea, Feiyu Du, George Hu, Glendoria Elliot, Holly Bradshaw-Cordum, Hui Du, Hui Sun, James Randolph, Jason Carter, Jason E. Waligorski, Jason Maas, Jeffrey Woessner, Jennifer Edwards, Jennifer Murray, Jennifer Randall-Maher, Joanne Nelson, Joelle Kalicki-Veizer, Johar Ali, John Mcpherson, John Spieth, John Wallace, Jon Armstrong, Joshua Heyen, Kelly Carpenter, Kelie Kang, Kelly Mead, Kelsi Scott, Kimberley Delhaunty, Kyriena L. Schatzkamer, Kris Wylie, Krista Haglund, Kym Hallsworth-Pepin, Kyung Kim, Lachlan Oddy, Ladeana Hillier, Laura P. Courtney, Lauren Caruso, Lee Trani, Li Ding, Lucinda A. Fulton, Maria Cedroni, Marco Marra, Mark Johnson, Martin Yoakum, Matt Cordes, Maxim Radionenko, Michael Becker, Michael D. Mclellan, Mike Nhan, Mike Wendi, Mundeep Sekhon, Nancy Miller, Nennu Grewal, Neha Shah, Nicolas Berkowicz, Patrick J. Minx, Patty Wohldmann, Phil Latreille, Philip Ozersky, Prashant Sinha, Rachel Maupin, Rekha Meyer, Rick Meyer, Richard K. Wilson, Robert S. Fulton, Robert H. Waterston, Sandra W. Clifton, Sara Kohlberg, Sara Jaeger, Shiaw-Pyng Yang, Scott Abbott, Scott Martinka, Scott S. Kruchowski, Sharhonda Swearengen-Shahid, Shawn Leonard, Shunfang Hou, Stacie Gattung, Stephanie Andrews, Stephanie Chissoe, Susan M. Rock, Tamberlyn Bieri, Theresa Rohlfing, Tina A. Graves, Tony Gaige, Tracie Miner, William Nash, Yoram Shotland, Eric S. Lander, Chad Nusbaum, Bruce Birren, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Jill P. Mesirov, Robert Nicol, Michael C. Zody, Jean L. Chang, Christina A. Cuomo, Ken Dewar, Mike Fitzgerald, David B. Jaffe, Xiaoping Yang, Amr Abouelleil, Nicole R. Allen, Harindra Arachchi, Jennifer Baldwin, Toby Bloom, Mark Borowsky, Boris Boukhgalter, Jon Butler, Bruno Chazaro, Mieke Citroen, April Cook, Ben Corum, Kurt Dearellano, Kathy Dooley, Lester Dorris, Matthew Endrizzi, Jeffery Erickson, Gary Gearin, Sante Gnerre, Andreas Gnirke, Nabil Hafez, Daniel Hagopian, Jennifer Hall, Catherine Hosage-Norman, Charlien Jones, Michael Kamal, Asha Kamat, Chinnappa Kodira, Patrick Kuharic, Kurt Labutti, Teresa Lai, Jessica Lehoczky, Rosie Levine, Xiaohong Liu, Tashi Lokyitsang, Annie Lui, Richard Mabbitt, Pendexter Macdonald, John Major, Jonathan Manning, Lisa Marinelli, Charles D. Matthews, Evan Mauceli, Atanas Mihalev, Glen Munson, Jerome Naylor, Cindy Nguyen, Paula O'Donnell, Sinead O'Leary, Keith O'Neill, Stephen Parker, Bruno Piqani, Anthony Rachupka, Umadevi Ramasami, Christina Raymond, Joseph Rodriguez, Rebecca Schupbach, Christopher Seaman, Ted Sharpe, Andrew Sheridan, Cherylyn Smith, Carrie Sougnez, Sabrina Stone, Matthew Stubbs, Jessica Talamas, Pema Tenzin, Kerri Topham, Sarah Towey, Vijay Venkataranan, Charles Whittaker, Jane Wilkinson, Andrew Zimmer, Emmanuel Adekoya, Mostafa Ait-Zahra, Alla Ali, Thaddeus Allen, Mechele Anderson, Scott Anderson, Scott Anderson, Jeff Armbruster, Pasang Bachatsang, Tashi Bayul, Berta Blitshsteyn, Jason Blye, Leonid Boguslavskiy, Jody Camarata, Kevin Campo, Yama Cheshatsang, Al Collymore, Tony Considine, Patrick Cooke, Robert David, Tenzin Dawoe, Stewart Degray, Chemey Dhongsar, Passang Dorje, Kunsang Dorjee, Noah Duffy, Alan Dupes, Abderrahim Farina, Susan Faro, Pat Ferriera, Heather Fischer, Shelia Fisher, Karen Foley, Diane Gage, Steph Gardyna, Seth Gordon, Audra Goyette, Joe Graham, Edward Grandbois, Kunsang Gyaltsen, Birhane Hagos, Beath Hatcher, Andrew Heaford, Andrew Heller, Tracy Honan, Nathan Houde, Lee Hughes, Bill Hulme, Ilian Iliev, Cristyn Kells, Alix Kieu, Peter Kisner, Dawa Lama, Tom Landers, Jean Pierre Leger, Doreen Lewis, Tammy Lewis, Yeshi Lokyitsang, Christine Maclean, Dick Marabella, Kebede Maru, Megan Mccarthy, Tina Mcghee, James Meldrim, Louis Meneus, Tanya Mihova, Val Mlenga, Leon Mulrain, Christian Newes, Na Nguyen, Thu Nguyen, Chou Dolma Norbu, Nyima Norbu, Ose Okoawo, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Bamidele Omotosho, Sahal Osman, Tenzin Phulchung, Pema Phunkang, Nadia Pierre, Rayale Rameau, Vernada Ray, Cecil Rise, Peter Rogov, Steven Seaman, Ngawang Sherpa, Brian Spencer, John Stalker, Nicole Stange-Thomann, Sharon Stavropoulos, Kevin Stetson, Casey Stone, Pierre Tchuinga, Senait Tesfaye, Joumathe Theodore, Yama Thoulutsang, Tsamla Tsamla, Nawang Tsomo, Duane Valle, Helen Vassiliev, Rose Veil, Andy Vo, Tsering Wangchuck, Tsering Wangdi, Dudley Wyman, Shailendra Yadav, Shane Yeager, Rahel Retta Yeshitela, Geneva Young, Joanne Zainoun, Lisa Zembeck, Anne Abrajano, Catherine Adam, Aaron Adamson, Andrea Aerts, Arun Aggarwal, Dana Alcivare, Michelle Alegria, Michelle Allegria-Hartmann, Jennifer Alleman, Susan Allen, Michael R. Altherr, Chris Amemiya, Gina Amico-Keller, Janice Andora, Carol Andredesz, Tim Andriese, Sinoula Apostolou, Terisita Arcaina, Marlon Arcaina, Andre Arellano, Perry Arellano-Jones, Linda K. Ashworth, Cara Aslanidis, Lawreen Asuncion, Cristina Attix, Aaron Avila, Phil Bach, Hummy Badri, Eva Bajorek, M. Baker, Richard Baker, Dan Baker, Michele Bakis, Michael Banda, Suba Basu, Mark Batzer, Jason Baumohl, Keith Beall, Leslie Beaucham, George I. Bell, J Benke, William Benner, Douda Bensasson, John Bercovitz, Anne Bergmann, Tony J. Beugelsdijk, Rita Bhakta, Aleksandr Bituin, Stacey Black, Robert Blazej, Heather Blumer, John Boehm, Juanan Boen, Marnel Bondoc, Eric Bowen, Brigitte F. Brandriff, Wade Brannon, Elbert Branscomb, Thomas Brettin, Michael Bridgers, Peter Brokstein, Nancy C. Brown, Robert Bruce, David D. Bruce, William J. Bruno, Jennifer E. Bryant, Judith M. Buckingham, Kerem Bulbul, Nathan Bunker, Matt Burgin, Karolyn Burkhart-Schultz, Paul Butler, Sean Caenepeel, David F. Callen, Connie S. Campbell, Evelyn W. Campbell, Mary I. Campbell, Mary L. Campbell, Chenier Caoile, Lolo Cardenas, Faviola Cardenas, Anthony V. Carrano, Jason Carriere, Mario Cepeda, Patrick Chain, Jean F. Challacombe, Yee Man Chan, Jarrod Chapman, Jeffrey Chapple, Leslie A. Chasteen, Simeon Chavarria, Jin Chen, Ray Chen, Chira Chen, Jan-Fang Cheng, Olga Chertkov, Han C. Chi, Sylvia Chin, Corey Chinn, Sally Chiu, Mari Christensen, A Chung, Michael J. Cinkowsky, Lynn Clark, Lynn M. Clark, David Cleveland, Jackie Cofield, Judith D. Cohn, Rick Colayco, Jessie Combs, Robin Comstock, Karen Connolly, Alex Copeland, Rebecca Cordray, Earl Cornell, Sara Cotton, Olivier Couronne, Terrance Critchlow, Paul Critz, Stephanie Cummings, Eillen Dalin, Linda Danganan, Christopher Daum, Stuart Davidson, Cheryl Davis, Larry I. Deaven, Larry L. Deaven, Kerry Deere, David Degusta, Maria Deguzman, Paramvir Dehal, Pieter De Jong, Mirian Denys, John C. Detter, Laurie Devlin, Jennifer Dias, Victoria Dias, Genevieve Dibartolo, Mark Dickson, Jeanne Dietz-Band, Richard Digennaro, Karen Dilts, Mira Dimitrijevic-Bussod, Kami Dixon, Long Do, Norman A. Doggett, Kimberly Dong, Victor Dorsett, Suzanne Duarte, Inna Dubchak, Erin Dunwell, Evan Eichler, Chris Elkin, Jeffrey Elliot, Ger Van Den Engh, David Engle, Anne Marie Erler, Julio Escobar, Gerald Eveleth, Joseph J. Fawcett, Alicia Ferguson, Anne Fertitta, Jim Fey, Patrick Fidel, Elizabeth Fields, Marie Fink, Laurice Fischer, Pat Fitch, J. Flanagan, Dave Flowers, Peg Folta, Jonathan Fong, Amanda F. Ford, Dea Fotopulos, Matthew Fourcade, Jessica Fox, Ken Frankel, Marvin Frazier, Jane Fridlyand, Sharin Fuller, Celsa Gallegos, Michael Galvez, Stuart Gammon, Emilio Garcia, Carmen Garcia, Antonio Garcia-Martinez, Alison Gardner, Consuelo Garduno, Jeffrey A. Garnes, Joseph M. Gatewood, Binyam Gebreyesus, Cynthia Gelein, Maartin Gelpke, Anca Georgescu, Amy Geotina, Mary Gifford, Isaias Gil, Paul Gilna, Jeff Gingrich, Kira Giovanelli, Tijana Glavina, Darren Gold, Kristen Golinveaux, Maria Gomez, Eidelyn Gonzales, David Goodstein, Lynne A. Goodwin, Laurie A. Gordon, Catherine Gordon, Ann Gorvad, Christine Gould, Deborah I. Grady, Jennifer Grant, Bruce Gray, Jeffrey K. Griffith, Igor Grigoriev, Jane Grimwood, Matthew Groza, Hannibal Guarin, Metzalli Guel, Kate Gunning, Jane Guo, Chi Ha, Allen Haim, Patrick Hajek, Matt Hamilton, Nancy Hammon, Sha Hammond, Khalid Hamza, Shunsheng Han, Trevor Hawkins, Lauren Haydu, Keven Helfenbein, Uffe Hellsten, Nina Henderson, David Hendrix, Karla Henning, Victor Hepa, Charles Herman, Carl E. Hildebrand, Issac Ho, Susan M.G. Hoffman, Ann Holtz, Caleb Holtzer, Roya Hosseini, Katherine Huang, Wayne Huang, Zhengping Huang, Heather Hue, Hillary Hughes-Hull, David Humphries, Rov Hunter Ii, Matt Hupman, Sandy Huynh, Paula Imbro, Nicole Inacio, Drew Ingram, Sanjay Israni, Mark Jacintho, Terri Jackson, Joseph Jaklevic, Michael Jaklevic, Jamie Jett, Phillip E. Jewett, Jian Jin, Lori Johnson, Stephanie Johnson, Genevieve Johnson, Myrna D. Jones, Micheil Jones, Yun Jordan, Eugine Jung, Kristen Kadner, Orsalem Kahsai, Pat Kale, Hitesh Kapur, Gifford Keen, Laura Kegelmeyer, Lisa Kegg, David Keys, Arsi Khan, Susu Khine, Jennifer Kim, Joomyeong Kim, Heather Kimball, William Kolbe, Marie-Claude Krawczyk, Gabriel Kremmidiotis, Brent Kronmiller, Duane Kubischta, Jennifer Kuehl, Carol Kuhn, Chinnie Kwan, Amy Kyle, Anne Lacombe, Melanie Lafrades, Marissa Lam, Edward Lam, Jane E. Lamerdin, Christine Lansang, Victoria Lao, Alla Lapidus, Bernadette Lato, Lisa Lee, Peter Lee, Joon Ho Lee, Denise Lee, Byung-In Lee, Karl Lehman, Gregory Lennon, Kendra Lesar, Keith Lewis, Tina Leyba, Kim Lieuallen, Ken Lindo, K. Lindquist, Kirsten Lindstrom, Albert Linkowski, Jing Mei Liu, Stephanie Liu, Crystal Llewellyn-Silva, Rebecca Lobb, Johnathan L. Longmire, Frederick Lopez, Jose Lopez, Yunian Lou, Michael G. Lowenstein, Stephen Lowry, Robert Lucas, Susan Lucas, Thom Ludeman, Lyndsey Lundgren, Daniel Lynch, Gary Ma, Migdad Machrus, Madison Macht, Catherine A. Macken, Ramki Madabhushi, Magner ., Venus Mahmoodi, Ryan Mahnke, Stephanie Malfatti, Mary I. Maltbie, Chitra Manohar, Marisa Mariano, Graham A. Mark, Thomas G. Marr, Christian Marroquin, Christopher Martin, Joel Martin, Michele Martinez, Diego Martinez, Hadi Masood, Cynthia Maunes, Mary Kay Mccormick, Paula Mccready, Phil Mcgurn, Kimberly Mcmurray, Kimberly L. Mcmurray, Jenny Mcninch, Catherine Medina, Linda J. Meincke, George Mercado, Carl Mieczkowski, Maggie Mier, Trini Miguel, Danielle Mihalkanin, Christie Miller, Donald Miller, Sheri Miner, Monica Misra, Sophia Mitina, Harvey Mohrenweiser, Joseph Monforte, Mishelle Montgomery, Jenna Morgan, Jerry Morton, Robert K. Moyzis, Shibani Mukherjee, Mark O. Mundt, A. Christine Munk, Christie A. Munk, Michael Murphy, Christine Murray, Richard Myers, Richard Nandkeshwar, Cleo M. Naranjo, Deborah A. Nelson, Catherine Nelson, Ward Nelson, David O. Nelson, Kathryn Nelson, Jennifer Neunkirch, April Newman, Terrance Ng, Le-Thu Dinh Nguyen, Hoa Nguyen, Lisa Nguyen, Amber Nivens, Matt Nolan, Larry Nowlin, Pierre Oddone, Jason Olivas, Anne S. Olsen, Ivan Ovcharenko, David Ow, Paola Oddone, Elizabeth Pack, Anuradha Padki, Krishnaveni Palaniappan, Michael Palazzolo, Beverly Parson-Quintana, Shripa Patel, Robert M. Pecherer, Vivian Peng, Yi Peng, Ze Peng, Len A. Pennacchio, Rene Perrier, Vivian Peng, Yi Peng, Ze Peng, Len A. Pennacchio, Rene Perrier, Brad Pesavento, Karl Peterson, Joyce Pfeiffer, Hoan Phan, C. Piscia, Maurice Pitesky, Sam Pitluck, Ingrid Plajzer-Frick, Alex Poliakov, Martin Pollard, Jos Polman, Aaron Porter, Martha Posada, Pat Poundstone, Jason Powell, Daisy Prado, Christa Prange, Paul Predki, Jennifer Primus, Lyle Probst, Nicholas Putnam, Osama Qasem, Glenda Quan, Mohan Rajagopal, Melissa Ramirez, Lucia Ramirez, Nicole Ramos, David Randolph, Irma Rapier, Barry Rappaport, Sam Rash, Robert I. Ratliff, Aditya Ray, Warren Regala, Charlie Reiter, James Retterer, Paul Richardson, Kristi Richardson, Paul Richardson, Darryl O. Ricke, B.E Riley, Angel Rivera, Simon Roberts, Donna I. Robinson, Dezere Robinson, Chris Robinson, Donna L. Robinson, Juan Rodriguez, Alex Rodriguez, Stephanine Rogers, Daniel Rokhsar, Stephanie Ross, Edward M. Rubin, Jeffrey Rule, Andrea Ryan, George Sakaldasis, Azaf Salamov, Angelica Salazar, Brent Sanders, Christina Sanders, R. Sarmiento, Suraj Satpathy, Elizabeth H. 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Khan, Ziad Mohid Khan, Divya Khurama, Laquisha Monique King, Haika Kisamo, Christie L. Kovar, Larissa Kulish, Belita Leal, Heather Lebow, Cherie Jenae Lee, Kenneth Lee, Fitzherbert Henderson Legall Iii, Jaclyn M. Levan, Ernest K. Lewis, Lakeshia C. Lewis, Lora R. Lewis, Jane Li, Zhangwan Li, Jing Liu, Wen Liu, Yih-Shin Liu, Dhammika Liyanage, Pamela London, John Lopez, Lora Lopez, Lorna M. Lorensuhewa, Hermela Loulseged, Demetria A. Lovett, Ryan J. Lozado, Xiuhua Lu, Yue Lu, Alice Lucier, Raymond L. Lucier, Jie Ma, Xiaohui Ma, Renita C. Madu, Manjula Maheshwari, Mathew Mahindartne, Kevin Malloy, Brian Mangum, Patricia Mapua, David Mareth, Kirt Martin, Ashley D. Martindale, Evangelina Martinez, Elizabeth Massey, Sterling D. Matthews, Samantha Mawhiney, Michael P. Mcleod, John D. Mcpherson, Michael G. Meador, Sylvia Mendez, Christian Mercado, Iracema C. Mercado, Christina E. Merritt, Michael Lee Metzker, Mason W. Mileur, George R. 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Pourrajabi, Eltrick L. Primus, Ling-Ling Pu, Maria Puazo, Xiang Qin, Miyo M. Quiles, Juana B. Quiroz, Dina Rabata, Eric K. Rachlin, Kacy Reeves, Richard A. Reigh, Yanru Ren, Stephen Richards, Catharine M. Rives, Travis L. Rodkey, Alberto Rojas, Erica M. Ruiz, San Juana Ruiz, Moazzam Mohammad Sana, Wendi Sanders, Jireh Santibanez, Glenford G. Savery, Steven Edward Scherer, Matthew Schnabl, Graham Scott, Hua Shen, Ida Sisson, Erica Sodergren, Titilola Sonaike, Xing-Zhi Song, Richard P. Sorelle, Anastasia L. Sparks, David Steffen, Angelica E. Sutton, Amanda F. Svatek, Jessica Svetz, Leah Anne Svetz, Paul E. Tabor, Kavitha S. Tamerisa, Aparna Tamirisa, Hongli Tang, Jennifer Tansey, Christina C. Taylor, Tineace R. Taylor, Ethan Brett Telford, Nicole Thomas, Shereen Thomas, Rachel Diane Thorne, Ly Thanh Tran, Zulma Y. Trejos, Brenda Kaye Trevino, Ogechi Nkemdirim Ukegbu, Jeremy B. Urban, Kamran Usmani, Ruben E. Valas, Charles E. Vargo, Lydia I. Vasquez, Virginia A. Vera, Daniel Verduzco, Donna M. Villasana, Lenee Waldron, Davian L. Walker, Randy E. Wall, Natalie Walsham, Jie Wang, Ling Wang, Qiaoyan Wang, Suzhen Wang, Stephanie Ward-Moore, James T. Warren, Xuehong Wei, George Weinstock, Mary Melissa Wesley, David A. Wheeler, Flower White, Manosha I. Wickremasinghe, Gabrielle A. Williams, Angela L. Williamson, Regina Wleczyk, Hailey S. Wooden, Steven H. Wooden, Kim Carlyle Worley, Rita A. Wright, Jiaqian Wu, Syed Yakub, Jennifer Yen, Lillienne Yoon, Vivienne Yoon, Fuli Yu, Ye Yuan, Jingkun Zhang, Shaojie Zhang, Zhengdong Zhang, Jianling Zhou, Sara E. Zorrilla, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Masahira Hattori, Asao Fujiyama, Todd Duane Taylor, Atsushi Toyoda, Yasushi Totoki, Hidemi Watanabe, Tetsushi Yada, Yoko Kuroki, Hideki Noguchi, Katsuhiko Murakami, Tomoyuki Aizu, Rie Arai, Fumio Ejima, Tomoko Hasegawa, Etsuko Hashimoto, Wakako Hashimoto, Naomi Inagaki, Shuuji Inoue, Hinako Ishizaki, Emi Isozaki, Noriko Ito, Mariko Iwatate, Mikiko Iwatsu, Kaoru Kaida, Takako Kato, Moe Kimura, Miho Kiyooka, Kayo Maruyama, Ayuko Motoyama, Hiroko Morita, Maho Naka, Saori Nakagawa, Aki Nishida, Etsuko Ogawara, Reina Okumura, Nao Ohta, Ritsuko Ozawa, Ryoko Sakai, Noriko Shiino, Minami Shoji, Keiko Takahashi, Nobuhiro Takano, Yoriko Terada, Miwako Tochigi, Iori Tomizawa, Yumi Tsukamoto, Rina Tsuzuki, Nozomi Uyama, Noriko Yamamoto, Yuko Yamamoto, Yasue Yamashita, Miho Yonezawa, Satoru Yoshida, Hiromi Wada, Michiru Fujioka, Rintaro Fukawa, Takehiko Itoh, Takujiro Katayama, Chiharu Kawagoe, Syunsuke Nagao, Nobuhiro Oomori, Kenshiro Ooshima, Hidetsugu Shimizu, Jiu Qin Sun, Takashi Tahara, Rajinder Kaul, Maynard V. Olson, Will Gillet, Eric Haugen, Chris Raymond, Yang Zhou, Anthony Palmeiri, Channakhone Saenphimmachak, Sandhya Subramanian, Zaining Wu, Karen Phelps, Roland Heilig, Ralph Eckenberg, Jean-Louis Petit, Núrua Fonknechten, Corinne Da Silva, Laurence Cattolico, Michaël Levy, Valérie Barbe, Véronique De Berardinis, Abel Ureta-Vidal, Eric Pelletier, Virginie Vico, Véronique Anthouard, François Artiguenave, Catherine Robert, Corinne Cruaud, Thomas Brüls, Philippe Brottier, Béatrice Ségurens, Sylvie Samain, Hervé Crespeau, Claude Scarpelli, Gábor Gyapay, Patrick Wincker, William Saurin, Jean Weissenbach, Fumihiko Matsuda, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Shinsei Minoshima, Jun Kudoh, Shuichi Asakawa, Kazuhiko Kawasaki, Kazunori Shibuya, Takashi Sasaki, Atsushi Takayanagi, Atsushi Shimizu, Ai Shintani, Eriko Nakato, Susumu Mitsuyama, Satoru Yamazaki, Izumi Obayashi, James Schmeits, Masafumi Ohtsubo, Michiyo Okui, Yuji Murayama, Meng K. Lim, Saho Ohno, Kentaro Nagamine, Yimin Wang, Jun Wang, Aiko Shiohama, Norie Aoki, Nobuaki Shindoh, Hideto Maeda, Katsuhiro Hosono, Hao Yang, Tomohiro Izumiyama, Miho Tatsuyama, Nori Sawada, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Sabine K. Ishikawa, Mio Mejima, Tamami Adachi, Teruyo Asakawa, Mie Furuhashi, Misuzu Osada, Kyoko Ohmori, Etsuko Nakamura, Naoko Sanuki, Masayo Nakagawa, Naoko Togashi, Junko Hamada, Meishan Shen, Mai Kobayashi, Junko Onoda, Aki Mitsui, Saki Watanabe, Akemi Miyazawa, Shinobu Iwakawa, Akiko Ishibashi, Kei Hosoda, Shuko Matsumoto, Kazuyasu Kojima, Hiromi Tsuruoka, Yali Xuan, Fumiaki Ito, Yoshiko Shimizu, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, John Battles, Patrick Cahill, David Camire, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Kim Fechtel, Erik Gustafson, Jennifer Horne, Christopher Hynds, Arnold Kana, Hong-Mei Lee, Minh Nguyen, Andrea Rogosin, Marc Rubenfield, Douglas R. Smith, Lisa Standring, Bill Torcaso, Jason Tsolas, Jennifer Walsh, Ying Wang, Keith Weinstock, Brian Birditt, Scott Bloom, Leroy Hood, Amardeep Kaur, Ryan Nesbitt, Lee Rowen, Matthias Platzer, Cornelia Baumgart, Silke Förste, Petra Galgoczy, Gernot Glöckner, Yvonne Görlich, Ivonne Heinze, Niels Jahn, Dorothee Lagemann, Rüdiger Lehmann, Elke Meier, Evelyn Michaelis, Uta Petz, Kathrin Reichwald, Markus Schilhabel, Kathleen Seitz, Roman Siddiqui, Stefan Taudien, Gaiping Wen, Daniela Werler, Jingyue Bao, Qiyu Bao, Weidong Bao, Shihua Bi, Xuemeng Bian, Lars Bolund, Tianjing Cai, Zhen Cai, Ting Cao, Yuzhu Cao, Baoxian Chen, Chong Chen, Cong Chen, Jianlong Chen, Jie Chen, Junbao Chen, Lixia Chen, Shu Chen, Tong Chen, Xiaoyun Chen, Xinyi Chen, Yanjiong Chen, Yiyu Chen, Zhu Chen, Zhihua Cheng, Cheng Chi, Hongjuan Cui, Jinhui Cui, Peng Cui, Bin Cong, Li Dai, Yajun Deng, Hao Ding, Hui Dong, Wei Dong, Xiaojia Dong, Yutao Du, Hongyuan Fan, Keke Fan, Jianqiu Fang, Guodong Feng, Haiyan Feng, Jie Feng, Xiaoli Feng, Gang Fu, Qiushi Fu, Anwu Gao, Jimei Gao, Quan Gao, Yang Gao, Yimei Gao, Jianing Geng, Guanghui Gong, Jinying Gong, Jingli Gu, Jun Gu, Wenyi Gu, Xiaochang Gu, Qiaoning Guan, Qi Gui, Daorong Guo, Lili Guo, Guiqing Han, Xurong Han, Wei Huang, Fengying He, Jiaying He, Lin He, Jie Hu, Songnian Hu, Fang Huang, Guyang Huang, Xiaodi Hou, Jia Jia, Nan Jia, Xingchang Jia, Lu Jiang, Yanrui Jiang, Ziyou Jiang, Yetao Jin, Yongsan Jin, Hui Kang, Ning Kang, Mary-Clare King, Yi Kong, Zhaohui Kou, Jianghua Lai, Meng Lei, Changfeng Li, Chenji Li, Eryao Li, Feifei Li, Gang Li, Jiayang Li, Jihong Li, Jing Li, Jingfei Li, Jingxiang Li, Li Li, Lili Li, Lin Li, Ming Li, Nan Li, Ran Li, Shengbin Li, Shuping Li, Shuxia Li, Shuangding Li, Shuangli Li, Songgang Li, Tao Li, Wei Ling, Boyong Liu, Cong Liu, Dianwu Liu, Haili Liu, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, Kai Liu, Ning Liu, Siqi Liu, Wei Liu, Xinshe Liu, Yanhua Liu, Yannan Liu, Yilin Liu, Ying Liu, Yu Liu, Yu Liu, Zhanwei Liu, Lingfeng Lu, Tao Lu, 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Hornischer, Doris Järke, Michael Jarek, Gerhard Kauer, Tschong-Hun Löhnert, Gabriele Nordsiek, Maren Scharfe, Oliver Schön, Stephanie Thies, Ellson Chen, Jungshing Road, Primo Babayan, Chun-Nan Chen, Cheryl Heiner, Peter Ma, Massimo Zollo, Lin Zuo, R. Nagaraja, David Schlessinger, Robert Baertsch, Ewan Birney, Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Hiram Clawson, Mark Diekhans, Evan Eichler, Xose Fernandez-Suarez, Terrence S. Furey, Leo Goodstadt, Martin Hammond, David Haussler, Angela S. Hinrichs, Fan Hsu, Philip Johnson, Donna Karolchik, Arek Kasprzyk, Damian Keefe, W. James Kent, Paul Kitts, Darin London, Yontao T. Lu, Donna Maglott, Graham Mcvicker, Craig Melsopp, Shelia Paul, Chris P. Ponting, Glenn Procter, Kim Pruitt, Stephen Rice, Harold Riethman, Kate R. Rosenbloom, Krishna M. Roskin, Barbara Ruef, Esther Schmidt, Gregory Schuler, Michael Schuster, Jessica Severin, Xinwei She, Adam C. Siepel, Damian Smedley, Arne Stabenau, Charles W. Sugnet, Daryl J. Thomas, Heather Trumbower, Abel Ureta-Vidal, Imre Vastrik, Caleb Webber, Ryan J. Weber, Cara Woodwark, Francis S. Collins, Mark Guyer, Jane Peterson, Adam Felsenfeld, Kris Wetterstrand, Sandra Kamholz

Faculty Publications

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error …

Substrate Specificity Of Helicobacter Pylori Histone-Like Hu Protein Is Determined By Insufficient Stabilization Of Dna Flexure Points, Christina Chen, Sharmistha Ghosh, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

The histone-like HU protein is ubiquitous in the eubacteria. A role for Escherichia coli HU in compaction of the bacterial genome has been reported, along with regulatory roles in DNA replication, transposition, repair and transcription. We show here that HU from the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which has been implicated in the development of ulcers and gastric cancer, exhibits enhanced thermal stability and distinct DNA substrate specificity. Thermal denaturation of HpyHU (H. pylori HU) measured by CD spectroscopy yields a melting temperature (Tm) of 56.4 ± 0.1 °C. HpyHU binds linear duplex DNA with a site size of ∼19 bp …

The Role Of Optimal Healing Environments In The Management Of Childhood Obesity, Marjorie Freedman, Judith Stern

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased steadily over the past three decades such that obesity is now a major worldwide pediatric health risk factor. Pediatric obesity is associated with significant health problems, and is an important early risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on the role and components of optimal healing environments (OHEs) that may be useful in the management of childhood obesity: healing intention, healing relationships, health promotion and disease prevention, and healing spaces. Diet, physical activity, and behavior modification strategies used in the treatment of childhood obesity are also reviewed.

A Mosquito In The Ointment: Adverse Hipaa Implications For Health-Related Remote Sensing Research And A "Reasonable" Solution, Paul M. Secunda

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Line Single Droplet Deposition For Maldi Mass Spectrometry, Xia Zhang, Damien A. Narcisse, Kermit K. Murray

Faculty Publications

A single droplet generator was coupled with a rotating ball inlet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Single droplets with 100 picoliter volume were ejected by a piezoelectric-actuated droplet generator and deposited onto a matrix-coated rotating stainless steel ball at atmospheric pressure. The single droplet deposit was transported to the vacuum side of the instrument where ionization was accomplished using a UV pulsed laser. Using this on-line interface, it was possible to obtain protonated molecule signal from as little as 10 fmol analyte. © 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

Function Over Formalism: A Provisional Theory Of The Constitutional Law Of Crime And Punishment, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

This Article is, in effect, the second half of the author's argument against the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Sixth Amendment in Blakely v. Washington. The first half appeared in "Train Wreck? Or Can the Federal Sentencing System Be Saved? A Plea for Rapid Reversal of Blakely v. Washington," 41 American Criminal Law Review 217 (2004), and made a pragmatic, consequentialist argument against the Blakely result. This Article takes the next step of providing an alternative constitutional model of criminal sentencing to that offered by Justice Scalia in Blakely. The model emphasizes that a good constitutional model should pay particular …

"National Security" Information And The Freedom Of Information Act, Christina E. Wells

Faculty Publications

Secrecy regarding national security information is a widely accepted phenomenon. Throughout history, however, such secrecy has proved problematic. Although officials often have credible and legitimate reasons to keep national security information secret, government secrecy initiatives have invariably expanded to encompass information beyond their initial rationale. Over time, we have come to realize the very real problems associated with excessive government secrecy.

Racial/Ethnic Differences In Hypertension And Hypertension Treatment And Control In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Holly Kramer, Cong Han, Wendy Post, David Goff, Ana Diez-Roux, Richard Cooper, Sujata Jinagouda, Steven Shea

Faculty Publications

Most previous studies investigating the association between ethnicity and hypertension focused on differences between African Americans and whites and did not include other racial/ethnic groups such as Chinese or Hispanics. We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a population-based study of 6814 adults without clinical cardiovascular disease, to examine the association between ethnicity and hypertension and hypertension treatment among white, African American, Chinese, and Hispanic ethnic groups. The prevalence of hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) hypertension, was significantly higher in African Americans compared to whites (60% v 38%; P < .0001), whereas prevalence in Hispanic (42%) and Chinese participants (39%) did not differ significantly from that in whites. After adjustment for age, body mass index, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and smoking, African American (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.91-2.56) and Chinese (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.07-1.56) ethnicity were significantly associated with hypertension compared to whites. Among hypertensive MESA participants, the percentage of treated but uncontrolled hypertension in whites (24%) was significantly lower than in African Americans (35%, P < .0001), Chinese (33%, P =. 003), and Hispanics (32%, P =. 0005), but only African-American race/ethnicity remained significantly associated with treated but uncontrolled hypertension after controlling for socioeconomic factors (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.71). Diuretic use was lowest in the Chinese (22%) and Hispanic participants (32%) and was significantly lower in these groups compared with white participants (47%; P < .0001 for both comparisons). Programs to improve hypertension treatment and control should focus on a better understanding of differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension control among minority groups in the United States, especially African Americans, compared with whites, and on techniques to prevent hypertension and improve control in high-risk groups. © 2004 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd.

Broken Scales: Obesity And Justice In America, Adam Benforado, Jon Hanson, David Yosifon

Faculty Publications

This Article is not so much about the scales we use to measure weight, but the scales we use to infer causation and assign responsibility-including the scales of justice. Ultimately, the problem we face is not obesity itself. Obesity is only a symptom of the problem. When scientists and public health experts point to various environmental agents-whether larger portion sizes, corn subsidies, video games, or urban sprawl-they, too, overlook the deeper source of our troubles. Our real problem is that we have an extremely difficult time seeing and understanding the role of unseen features in our environment and within us …

Proving Negligence In Products Liability Litigation, David G. Owen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Lower Extremity Muscle Strength And Risk Of Self-Reported Hip Or Knee Osteoarthritis, Jennifer M. Hootman, Shannon J. Fitzgerald, Carol A. Macera, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender-specific longitudinal association between quadriceps strength and self-reported, physician-diagnosed hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Subjects were 3081 community-dwelling adults who were free of OA, joint symptoms and injuries, completed a maximum treadmill exercise test, had isokinetic knee extension and flexion and isotonic leg press strength measurements taken at baseline and returned at least one written follow-up survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Women with moderate or high isokinetic quadriceps strength had a significantly reduced risk (55% to 64%) of hip …

The Peculiar Federal Marriage Amendment, Scott Dodson

Faculty Publications

In this essay, I discuss the Constitution's commitment to three themes - state power over familial matters, individual liberty, and equality - and then demonstrate how the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment is uniquely contrary to all three. I do not intend to go so far as to suggest that the FMA would be an unconstitutional amendment, if such things are possible, nor do I mean to suggest that same-sex marriage is or should be affirmatively protected by the Constitution. I mean only to suggest that proposed amendments altering the Constitution's commitment to multiple existing themes in the Constitution should be …

Race Matters In Bankruptcy, A. Mechele Dickerson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Fable Of Federal Environmental Regulation: Reconsidering The Federal Role In Environmental Protection, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

Cleveland was the site of one of the seminal events in environmental history. On the morning of June 22, 1969, a stray spark ignited oil and debris on the surface of the Cuyahoga River. The resulting fire attracted relatively little local attention in Cleveland, but became a national event. Subsequently, Time, National Geographic, and The New York Times all wrote about the fire. It even inspired a song by Randy Newman. By many accounts, it lit the spark that led to the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act.

There are some problems with the traditional story of the Cuyahoga …

Statutory Interpretation In Econotopia, Nathan B. Oman

Faculty Publications

Much of the debate in the recent revival of interest in statutory interpretation centers on whether or not courts should use legislative history in construing statutes. The consensus in favor of this practice has come under sharp attack from public choice critics who argue that traditional models of legislative intent are positively and normatively incoherent. This paper argues that in actual practice, courts look at a fairly narrow subset of legislative history. By thinking about the power to write that legislative history as a property right and legislatures as markets, it is possible to use Coase's Theorem and the concept …

Bankruptcy And Mortgage Lending: The Homeowner Dilemma, A. Mechele Dickerson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Specific Interface Between Integrin Transmembrane Helices And Affinity For Ligand, Bing Hao Luo, Timothy A. Springer, Junichi Takagi

Faculty Publications

Conformational communication across the plasma membrane between the extracellular and intracellular domains of integrins is beginning to be defined by structural work on both domains. However, the role of the α and β subunit transmembrane domains and the nature of signal transmission through these domains have been elusive. Disulfide bond scanning of the exofacial portions of the integrin αIIβ and β 3transmembrane domains reveals a specific heterodimerization interface in the resting receptor. This interface is lost rather than rearranged upon activation of the receptor by cytoplasmic mutations of the a subunit that mimic physiologic inside-out activation, demonstrating a link between …

Global Distribution Of Near-Surface Hydrogen On Mars, W. C. Feldman, T. H. Prettyman, S. Maurice, J. J. Plaut, D. L. Bish, D. T. Vaniman, M. T. Mellon, A. E. Metzger, S. W. Squyres, S. Karunatillake, W. V. Boynton, R. C. Elphic, H. O. Funsten, D. J. Lawrence, R. L. Tokar

Faculty Publications

Neutron data observed using the Neutron Spectrometer aboard 2001 Mars Odyssey provide a lower limit to the global inventory of Martian water-equivalent hydrogen. Hydrogen-rich deposits ranging between about 20% and 100% water-equivalent by mass are found poleward of 4-50°latitude, and less rich, but significant, deposits are found at near-equatorial latitudes. The equatorial deposits between +45° latitude range between 2% and 10% water-equivalent hydrogen by mass and reach their maximum in two regions that straddle the 0-km elevation contour. Higher water abundances, up to ∼11%, are required in subsurface regolith of some equatorial regions if the upper 10 g/cm 2 of …

Exclusive Electroproduction Of J/Ψ Mesons At-Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, J. H. Loizides, S. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, N. Pavel, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, A. Montanari, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, L. Rinaldi

Faculty Publications

The exclusive electroproduction of J/ψ mesons, ep→epJ/ψ, has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA for virtualities of the exchanged photon in the ranges 0.15

Analysis Of The Human Alu Ya-Lineage, Anthony C. Otieno, Anthony B. Carter, Dale J. Hedges, Jerilyn A. Walker, David A. Ray, Randall K. Garber, Bridget A. Anders, Nadica Stoilova, Meredith E. Laborde, Justin D. Fowlkes, Cheney H. Huang, Benjamin Perodeau, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

The Alu Ya-lineage is a group of related, short interspersed elements (SINEs) found in primates. This lineage includes subfamilies Ya1-Ya5, Ya5a2 and others. Some of these subfamilies are still actively mobilizing in the human genome. We have analyzed 2482 elements that reside in the human genome draft sequence and focused our analyses on the 2318 human autosomal Ya Alu elements. A total of 1470 autosomal loci were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that allow analysis of individual Ya-lineage Alu elements. About 22% (313/1452) of the Ya-lineage Alu elements were polymorphic for the insertion presence on human autosomes. Less …