Digital Commons Network^™

Chronic Background Radiation Correlates With Sperm Swimming Endurance In Bank Voles From Chernobyl, Kati Kivisaari, Sara Calhim, Zbyszek Boratyríski, Timothy Mousseau, Anders P. Møller, Tapio Mappes

Faculty Publications

Sperm quantity and quality are key features explaining intra- and interspecific variation in male reproductive success. Spermatogenesis is sensitive to ionizing radiation and laboratory studies investigating acute effects of ionizing radiation have indeed found negative effects of radiation on sperm quantity and quality. In nature, levels of natural background radiation vary dramatically, and chronic effects of low-level background radiation exposure on spermatogenesis are poorly understood. The Chernobyl region offers a unique research opportunity for investigating effects of chronic low-level ionizing radiation on reproductive properties of wild organisms. We captured male bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from 24 locations in the Chernobyl …

Design, Construction And Operation Of The Protodune-Sp Liquid Argon Tpc, The Dune Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m³. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. …

Investigation Of Metastable Low Dimensional Halometallates, Navindra Keerthisinghe, Matthew S. Christian, Anna A. Berseneva, Gregory Morrison, Vladislav V. Klepov, Mark D. Smith, Hans Conrad Zur Loye

Faculty Publications

The solvothermal synthesis, structure determination and optical characterization of five new metastable halometallate compounds, [1,10-phenH][Pb_3.5I₈] (1), [1,10-phenH₂][Pb₅I₁₂]·(H₂O) (2), [1,10-phen][Pb₂I₄] (3), [1,10-phen]₂[Pb₅Br₁₀] (4) and [1,10-phenH][SbI₄]·(H₂O) (5), are reported. The materials exhibit rich structural diversity and exhibit structural dimensionalities that include 1D chains, 2D sheets and 3D frameworks. The optical spectra of these materials are consistent with bandgaps ranging from 2.70 to 3.44 eV. We show …

Cardiac Startle Response And Clinical Outcomes In Preschool Children With Fragile X Syndrome And Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jordan Ezell, Abigail L. Hogan Phd, Elizabeth A. Will Ph.D., Bcba, Kayla Smith, Jane E. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Objective: Poor physiological regulation in response to threat is linked to multiple negative developmental outcomes including anxiety, which is highly prevalent and impairing in young children with neurodevelopmental disabilities like fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study contrasted cardiac startle response in pre-school-aged children with FXS, with and without ASD, to children with non-syndromic ASD (nsASD) and neurotypical controls (NT). The relationship of cardiac startle to non-verbal mental age (NVMA), ASD severity, and parent-reported anxiety was also examined.

Method: Four age-matched groups of pre-school children participated including those with FXS without ASD (FXS-Only, n = …

A Phase Field Model For Dynamic Simulations Of Reactive Blending Of Polymers, Mukul D. Tikekar, Kris T. Delaney, Michael C. Villet, Douglas R. Tree

Faculty Publications

A facile way to generate compatibilized blends of immiscible polymers is through reactive blending of end-functionalized homopolymers. The reaction may be reversible or irreversible depending on the end-groups and is affected by the immiscibility and transport of the reactant homopolymers and the compatibilizing copolymer product. Here we describe a phase-field framework to model the combined dynamics of reaction kinetics, diffusion, and multi-component thermodynamics on the evolution of the microstructure and reaction rate in reactive blending. A density functional with no fitting parameters, which is obtained by adapting a framework of Uneyama and Doi and qualitatively agrees with self-consistent field theory, …

Postseptic Cognitive Impairment And Expression Of Apoe In Peripheral Blood: The Cognition After Sepsis (Cass) Observational Pilot Study, Samuel M. Brown, Sarah J. Beesley, Chris Stubben, Emily L. Wilson, Angela P. Presson, Colin Grissom, Colin Maguire, Matthew T. Rondina, Ramona O. Hopkins

Faculty Publications

Background: Cognitive impairment after sepsis is an important clinical problem. Determinants of postseptic cognitive impairment are not well understood. We thus undertook a systems biology approach to exploring a possible role for apolipoprotein E (APOE) in postseptic cognitive impairment.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort. Setting: Intermountain Medical Center, a tertiary referral center in Utah.

Patients/Participants: Patients with sepsis admitted to study intensive care units. Interventions: None.

Methods: We obtained peripheral blood for deep sequencing of RNA and followed up survivors at 6 months with a battery of cognitive instruments. We defined cognitive impairment based on the 6-month Hayling test of executive …

Introduction To The Special Issue On The Scholarship Of Generosity: A Festschrift In Honor Of Beth Blue Swadener, M. K. Nagasawa, Flora Farago, L. Peters

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dark Shadows: Monster Culture On Daytime Television, Bill Svitavsky

Faculty Publications

The soap opera Dark Shadows (ABC, 1966–71) gradually took on elements from horror movies, including an immensely popular vampire character. This article examines how the mixing of genre elements took place and how it changed the show’s audience and messaging.

Brand Love And Brand Addiction And Their Effects On Consumers’ Negative Behaviors, Muhammad Junaid, Marc Fetscherin, Khalid Hussain, Fujun Hou

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between brand love and brand addiction and their effects on consumers' negative behaviors with respect to excessive spending, trash-talking, and the feeling of anxiety.

Methodology: A sample of 352 young fashion brand consumers responded to a structured questionnaire. The resulting data were analyzed with structural equation modeling in MPlus.

Findings: While brand love and brand addiction are related concepts, their effects on negative consumer behaviors differ. In the presence of brand addiction as a mediator of brand love, brand addiction has a significant effect on the three negative behaviors, and we observe a suppression …

"Making It Happen": Building Relational Teaching Into The Online World Of Covid-19, Carol A. Leibiger, Alan W. Aldrich

Faculty Publications

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic required shifting information literacy instruction from face-to-face to online formats at the University Libraries of the University of South Dakota. This case study narrates how the instructional team there introduced innovations into a Freshman Writing course that enabled instrumental (that is, goal-oriented) and relational teaching in the online-only environment. The team applied social network theory and a disaster response model to plan and analyze their innovations. The affordances of the Zoom video conferencing platform and the embedded librarian model enabled them to expand their information literacy instruction to include online students for the first …

Displacement And Preemption Of Climate Nuisance Claims, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

New York City and other municipalities have filed state-law-based nuisance suits against fossil fuel companies seeking compensatory damages for the consequences of climate change. Previous nuisance claims, filed under federal common law, were held to be displaced by federal environmental statutes. Defendants have argued that state-law-based claims should likewise be preempted. Yet while the enactment of federal regulatory statutes displaces federal common law actions for interstate pollution, such enactments do not necessarily preempt state common law actions, even where pollution crosses state boundaries, as it is more difficult to preempt state common law than it is to displace federal common …

Using Situational Analysis To Reimagine Infrastructure, Mary Le Rouge, Clancy Ratliff, Donnie Johnson Sackey

Faculty Publications

In this article, we ask what it means to think of infrastructure discursively through situational analysis. First, we consider how policymakers have historically used writing and rhetoric to redefine, reframe, and resituate what infrastructure can be in technical documents. Second, we address the impact of policymakers’ discursive practices on the spaces and material realities of communities. We view the infrastructural function of writing “as a conceptual foundation for revealing structures and foundations of organizations that affect people” (Read, 2019, p. 237). We use three texts as the space of our discourse mapping: President Franklin Roosevelt’s “Fireside Chat on the Recovery …

Overview Of Multi-Factor Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks, Machine Learning, And Their Open-Source Software, Richard S. Segall

Faculty Publications

This chapter first provides an overview with examples of what neural networks (NN), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI) are and their applications in biomedical and business situations. The characteristics of 29 types of neural networks are provided including their distinctive graphical illustrations. A survey of current open-source software (OSS) for neural networks, neural network software available for free trail download for limited time use, and open-source software (OSS) for machine learning (ML) are provided. Characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for machine learning available as open source are discussed. Illustrations of applications of neural networks, machine learning, and …

In God’S House, There Are Many Rooms: A University Minister Reflects Upon Fratelli Tutti., Melanie-Prejean Sullivan

Faculty Publications

For over fifty years, Roman Catholics who are interreligious leaders have been guided by the Second Vatican Council document, Nostra Aetate. The author, a retired university lay minister in the United States, was one such interreligious leader who worked with students, faculty, and staff of all faiths and none on a small Catholic campus to create an atmosphere open to diversity, inclusion, and respect for all. Her office facilitated campus programs that encouraged service, dialogue, and spiritual growth. In twenty years, campus ministry involvement grew from three dozen primarily Catholic students to over 400 students of many different faiths. …

Resorbing Patent Law's Kessler Cat Into The General Law Of Preclusion, Dennis D. Crouch, Homayoon Rafatijo

Faculty Publications

It has become exceedingly common in our legal system that courts, in the guise of respect for precedent, compound upon errors. Legal precedents are written documents, but "[t]he reality we can put into words is never reality itself." As such, we seldom find a court decision that embodies the entire legal reality regarding the questions presented. In this respect, the legal system inherently suffers from a lack of what mathematicians call completeness. Each decision gives rise to countless inferences because what lower courts observe by reading the precedent is not the entire legal reality but an incomplete reality exposed to …

Constitutional Authority, Common Resources, And The Climate, Anthony L. Moffa

Faculty Publications

This work sets out to re-examine and challenge the history of the property clause with an eye towards increased congressional reliance on it in the face of daunting threats to our natural environment. No one could seriously question the primary motivations of the Framers, but that does not foreclose the importance of searching for secondary motivations that deepen our understanding of arguably the Constitution’s most explicitly environmental provision. Eugene Gaetke’s work in the 1980’s and Peter Appel’s work twenty years later laid the groundwork for the argument here by pushing back on the originalist argument for a narrow interpretation of …

Optimal Illiquidity, John Beshears, James J. Choi, Christopher Clayton, Christopher Harris, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

We calculate the socially optimal level of illiquidity in an economy populated by households with taste shocks and present bias (Amador, Werning, and Angeletos 2006). The government chooses mandatory contributions to respective spending/ savings accounts, each with a different pre-retirement withdrawal penalty. Penalties collected by the government are redistributed through the tax system. When naive households have heterogeneous present bias, the social optimum is well approximated by a three-account system: (i) a completely liquid account, (ii) a completely illiquid account, and (iii) an account with an ≃ 10% early withdrawal penalty. In some ways this resembles the U.S. system, which …

Public Schools To Public Services, Laura Wilcoxon

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Brokerage House Ipos And Analyst Forecast Quality, Mark Bradshaw, Michael S. Drake, Joseph Pacelli, Brady Twedt

Faculty Publications

We examine how brokerage firm IPOs influence the research quality of sell-side analysts employed by the brokerage. Our main results focus on earnings forecast bias and absolute forecast errors as proxies for research quality. Using a staggered difference-in-differences analysis, we document significant decreases in forecast bias and absolute forecast error during the two-year period centered on the analysts’ brokerage house IPO. In additional analyses, we explore several potential explanations for the short-term benefits of brokerage house IPOs. We find some evidence that IPOs delay the departure of more talented analysts and that the effects are more concentrated among analysts and …

Displacement And Preemption Of Climate Nuisance Claims, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

Part I begins with a brief sketch of the common law environmental protection that preceded and matured alongside the development of environmental regulation, including the rise of federal common law actions for interstate pollution. With an eye toward preemption, and its role within our federalist system, Part II sketches the system of state and local environmental regulation that served as the background for the adoption of federal environmental law. While federal environmental laws are quite comprehensive and far-reaching, they operate alongside state and local efforts, often in collaborative fashion, and rarely preempt state regulation or litigation. [...]

Parts III and …

The Clean Water Act At 50: Is The Act Obsolete?, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

As an introduction to “The Clean Water Act at 50” symposium, this Article explores the question of statutory obsolescence in the particular context of the CWA. Part I considers the phenomenon of statutory obsolescence and what it means to say that a given statute is “obsolete.” Part II then evaluates the CWA, identifying the reasons one might conclude that the Act is (or is not) obsolete. Part III then considers what could be done about the CWA’s obsolescence if, in fact, one concludes it is obsolete.

This abstract has been taken from the author's introduction.

Salt, Smurthwaite, And Smith: The Origins Of The Modern Legal Identity Of The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints, Nathan B. Oman

Faculty Publications

In 2019 there existed a legal entity known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This fact will likely strike most readers as unexceptional. More interesting, however, prior to 2019 there had been no such legal entity as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for over 150 years, the last of that name likely having been disincorporated in 1862. Even more strangely, although there were millions of people around the globe who identified themselves as Latter-day Saints, in 2019 the only member of the legal entity known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints …

Don't Abolish Employee Noncompete Agreements, Alan J. Meese

Faculty Publications

For over three centuries, Anglo-American courts have assessed employee noncompete agreements under a Rule of Reason. Despite long-standing precedent, some now advocate banning all such agreements. These advocates contend that employers use superior bargaining power to impose such "contracts of adhesion," preventing employees from selling their labor to the highest bidder and reducing wages. Abolitionists also contend that such agreements cannot produce cognizable benefits and that employers could achieve any benefits via less restrictive alternatives without limiting employee autonomy.

This Article critiques the Abolitionist position. Arguments for banning noncompete agreements echo hostile critiques of other nonstandard contracts during antitrust law's …

The Fourth National Guardianship: An Introduction, David M. English

Faculty Publications

This issue of the Syracuse Law Review contains the proceedings of the Fourth National Guardianship Summit, an interdisciplinary online conference with some 125 participants which was held in May 2021 and hosted by the Syracuse University College of Law. In addition to this Introduction, this issue of the Law Review contains the Recommendations approved by the Summit attendees, and the articles prepared for the Summit. The theme of the Fourth Summit was Maximizing Autonomy and Ensuring Accountability. The Recommendations fit this theme, including Recommendations to enhance the rights of persons subject to guardianship, to improve and increase the use of …

Charles Dickens' Novels In The Courts, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

This article examines written judicial opinions that contain references to novels by Charles Dickens (1812-1870), the British novelist and social critic who is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers of the Victorian Age. Americans today still read Dickens’ best-known novels, and the U.S. Supreme Court and the lower federal and state courts have cited and quoted from them.

Frenemey Federalism, Scott P. Bloomberg

Faculty Publications

This article introduces the concept of Frenemy Federalism. The term “frenemy” is a portmanteau of “friend” and “enemy” that is defined as a person with whom one is friendly despite a fundamental dislike or rivalry. A frenemy relationship develops between the federal and state governments when the governments work together despite having conflicting objectives in an area of policy. In such situations, mutual incentives make cooperation between the governments conducive to achieving their respective goals, allowing what may otherwise be a contentious relationship to find stability. Amidst the growing body of federalism scholarship, I situate Frenemy Federalism as a point …

Courts As Auditors Of Legislation?, Daniel Pi, Giampaolo Frezza, Francesco Parisi

Faculty Publications

Sources of law vary greatly across geography and human history. Some legal systems identify democratic lawmaking with political deliberation, while others rely on judicial process and judge-made law. This Essay argues that the normative problem of determining a hierarchy of legal sources may be usefully understood in terms of mechanism design, and that legislation and judicial precedent operate complementarily. If the ultimate policy objective is to create legal rules that reflect the "will of the people," judge-made law can function as an audit on the rules promulgated by elected legislatures. The two sources of law, working in conjunction, thereby correct …

‘Big’ And ‘Little’ Quo Vadis? In The United States, 1913–1916: Using Gis To Map Rival Modes Of Feature Cinema During The Transitional Era, Jeffrey Klenotic

Faculty Publications

This article emanates from a geospatial database of over 600 premieres of the Cines company’s Quo Vadis? (1913), an eight-reel film distributed by George Kleine, and nearly 250 premieres of the Quo Vadis Film Company’s Quo Vadis? (1913), a three-reel film of ambiguous origins distributed by Paul De Outo. By mapping local premieres of both films across the United States from 1913 through 1916, the data show with spatiotemporal precision the spread of Quo Vadis? as one of cinema’s early blockbuster titles. Yet within this national phenomenon, the two films’ footprints reveal differing cultural geographies served by competing efforts to …

A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Semantic Receptive-Expressive Gap In Spanish-English Bilingual Children, Todd A. Gibson, Elizabeth D. Peña, Lisa M. Bedore, Kevin S. Mccarter

Faculty Publications

Although a semantic receptive-expressive gap appears to be a universal feature of early bilingualism, little is known about its development. We sought to determine if the magnitude of the discrepancy between receptive and expressive standard scores changed over time in bilingual children’s two languages. In this longitudinal study, standardized receptive and expressive semantics tests of 106 Spanish-English bilingual children with TD were taken at kindergarten and first grade in both English and Spanish. We used a multivariate analysis approach to identify interactions and main effects. Although both receptive and expressive standard scores improved across the year in both languages, the …

Genetic And Stress Influences On The Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Hispanics/Latinos In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol), Liana K. Preudhomme, Marc D. Gellman, Nora Franceschini, Krista M. Perreira, Lindsay E. Fernández-Rhodes, Linda C. Gallo, Carmen R. Isasi, Sylvia Smoller, Sheila F. Castañeda, Martha Daviglus, Christina Hutten, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Neil Schneiderman, Maria M. Llabre

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The current study examined the effects of chronic stress and a genetic risk score on the presence of hypertension and elevated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among Hispanics/Latinos in the target population of Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Materials and Methods: Of the participants (N = 11,623) assessed during two clinic visits (Visit 1 2008–2013 & Visit 2 2014–2018), we analysed data from 7,429 adults (50.4% female), aged 18–74, who were genotyped and responded to chronic stress questionnaires. We calculated an unweighted genetic risk score using blood pressure increasing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found to be …