Digital Commons Network^™

Membrane-Enhanced Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints For Surrogate Folds, Guimin Chen, Spencer P. Magleby, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Lamina emergent compliant mechanisms (including origami-adapted compliant mechanisms) are me- chanical devices that can be fabricated from a planar material (a lamina) and have motion that emerges out of the fabrication plane. Lamina emergent compliant mechanisms often exhibit undesirable para- sitic motions due to the planar fabrication constraint. This work introduces a type of lamina emergent torsion (LET) joint that reduces parasitic motions of lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs), and presents equations for modeling parasitic motion of LET joints. The membrane joint also makes possible one-way joints that can ensure origami-based mechanisms emerge from their flat state (a change point) into …

Symmetric Equations For Evaluating Maximum Torsion Stress Of Rectangular Beams In Compliant Mechanisms, Guimin Chen, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

There are several design equations available for calculating the torsional compliance and the maximum torsion stress of a rectangular cross-section beam, but most depend on the relative magnitude of the two dimensions of the cross-section (i.e.,the thickness and the width). After reviewing the available equations, two thickness-to-width ratio independent equations that are symmetric with respect to the two dimensions are obtained for evaluating the maximum torsion stress

of rectangular cross-section beams. Based on the resulting equations, outside lamina emergent torsional joints are analyzed and some useful design insights are obtained. These equations, together with the previous work on symmetric equations …

Active Control Of Equilibrium, Near-Equilibrium, And Far-From-Equilibrium Colloidal Systems, Mark N. Mcdonald, Qinyu Zhu, Walter F. Paxton, Cameron K. Peterson, Douglas R. Tree

Faculty Publications

The development of top-down active control over bottom-up colloidal assembly processes has the potential to produce materials, surfaces, and objects with applications in a wide range of fields spanning from computing to materials science to biomedical engineering. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field using a taxonomy based on how active control is used to guide assembly. We find there are three distinct scenarios: (1) navigating kinetic pathways to reach a desirable equilibrium state, (2) the creation of a desirable metastable, kinetically trapped, or kinetically arrested state, and (3) the creation of a desirable far-from-equilibrium state through …

Measurement Of The VE- Nucleus Charged-Current Double-Differential Cross Section At 〈EV⟩ = 2.4 Gev Using Nova, M. A. Acero, P. Adamson, L. Aliaga, N. Anfimov, A. Antoshkin, E. Arrieta-Diaz, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, A. Back, M. Biard, N. Balashov, P. Baldi, B. A. Bambah, S. Bashar, K. Bays, R. Bernstein, V. Bhatnagar, D. Bhattarai, B. Bhuyan, J. Bian, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The inclusive electron neutrino charged-current cross section is measured in the NOvA near detector using 8.02×10²⁰ protons-on-target in the NuMI beam. The sample of GeV electron neutrino interactions is the largest analyzed to date and is limited by ≃17% systematic rather than the ≃7.4% statistical uncertainties. The double-differential cross section in final-state electron energy and angle is presented for the first time, together with the single-differential dependence on Q² (squared four-momentum transfer) and energy, in the range 1  GeV≤E_νGENIE, GiBUU, NEUT, and NuWro neutrino event generators. The data do not strongly favor a model over the …

The Injured Sciatic Nerve Atlas (Isnaat), Insights Into The Cellular And Molecular Basis Of Neural Tissue Degeneration And Regeneration, Xiao-Feng Zhao, Lucas D. Huffman, Hannah Hafner, Mitre Athaiya, Matthew C. Finneran, Ashley L. Kalinski, Rafi Kohen, Corey Flynn, Ryan Passino, Craig N. Johnson, David Kohrman, Riki Kawaguchi, Lynda Js Yang, Jeffery L. Twiss, Daniel H. Geschwind, Gabriel Corfas, Roman J. Giger

Faculty Publications

Upon trauma, the adult murine peripheral nervous system (PNS) displays a remarkable degree of spontaneous anatomical and functional regeneration. To explore extrinsic mechanisms of neural repair, we carried out single-cell analysis of naïve mouse sciatic nerve, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and crushed sciatic nerves at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days following injury. During the first week, monocytes and macrophages (Mo/Mac) rapidly accumulate in the injured nerve and undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming. Proinflammatory Mo/Mac with a high glycolytic flux dominate the early injury response and rapidly give way to inflammation resolving Mac, programmed toward oxidative phosphorylation. Nerve crush injury …

Temporal Features Of Concepts Are Grounded In Time Perception Neural Networks: An Eeg Study, Karim Johari, Vicky T. Lai, Nicholas Riccardi, Rutvik H. Desai

Faculty Publications

Experimental evidence suggests that modality-specific concept features such as action, motion, and sound partially rely on corresponding action/perception neural networks in the human brain. Little is known, however, about time-related features of concepts. We examined whether temporal features of concepts recruit networks that subserve time perception in the brain in an EEG study using event and object nouns. Results showed significantly larger ERPs for event duration vs object size judgments over right parietal electrodes, a region associated with temporal processing. Additionally, alpha/beta (10–15 Hz) neural oscillation showed a stronger desynchronization for event duration compared to object size in the right …

Evaluation Of The Peer Leadership For Physical Literacy Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Ryan M. Hulteen, David R. Lubans, Ryan E. Rhodes, Guy Faulkner, Yan Liu, Patti Jean Naylor, Nicole Nathan, Katrina J. Waldhauser, Colin M. Wierts, Mark R. Beauchamp

Faculty Publications

Purpose The purpose of this research was to develop, implement, and test the efficacy of a theory-driven, evidence-informed peer leadership program for elementary school students (Grade 6 and 7; age 11–12 years) and the Grade 3/4 students with whom they were partnered. The primary outcome was teacher ratings of their Grade 6/7 students’ transformational leadership behaviors. Secondary outcomes included: Grade 6/7 students’ leadership self-efficacy, as well as Grade 3/4 motivation, perceived competence, general self-concept, fundamental movement skills, school-day physical activity, and program adherence, and program evaluation. Methods We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. In 2019, 6 schools comprising …

Teaching Narrative Interviewing: Reflecting, Narrating, And Becoming-In-Action, Brett H. Bodily, Sherri R. Colby

Faculty Publications

Qualitative inquiry teachers often seek powerful pedagogies to improve their students’ understandings. Using our experience leading a doctoral workshop, we share our method for teaching narrative interviewing using Schön’s (1983) “reflection-in-action,” meaning teachers and students reflect in the moment. We also root our pedagogy in Jerome Bruner’s (1986, 1990) narrative as a mode of thinking and a mode of being, a philosophy exploring the ways learners story their own and others’ lives. Describing our doctoral workshop, we highlight Laura, a recent graduate, narrating and becoming a qualitative inquirer. We conclude with a sample teaching lesson, designed to enhance students’ reflective …

Soil Organic Matter Diagenetic State Informs Boreal Forest Ecosystem Feedbacks To Climate Change, Allison N. Myers-Pigg, Karl Kaiser, Ronald Benner, Susan E. Ziegler

Faculty Publications

The fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) in boreal forests is dependent on the integrative ecosystem response to climate change. For example, boreal forest productivity is often nitrogen (N) limited, and climate warming can enhance N cycling and primary productivity. However, the net effect of this feedback on the SOC reservoir and its longevity with climate change remain unclear due to difficulty in detecting small differences between large and variable carbon (C) fluxes needed to determine net changes in soil reservoirs. The diagenetic state of SOC – resulting from the physicochemical and biological transformations that alter the original biomolecular composition …

Steering Particles Via Micro-Actuation Of Chemical Gradients Using Model Predictive Control, Mark N. Mcdonald, Cameron K. Peterson, Douglas R. Tree

Faculty Publications

Biological systems rely on chemical gradients to direct motion through both chemotaxis and signaling, but synthetic approaches for doing the same are still relatively naïve. Consequently, we present a novel method for using chemical gradients to manipulate the position and velocity of colloidal particles in a microfluidic device. Specifically, we show that a set of spatially localized chemical reactions that are sufficiently controllable can be used to steer colloidal particles via diffusiophoresis along an arbitrary trajectory. To accomplish this, we develop a control method for steering colloidal particles with chemical gradients using nonlinear model predictive control with a model based …

Ash Aerosol Particle Size Distribution, Composition, And Deposition Behavior While Co-Firing Coal And Steam-Exploded Biomass In A 1.5 Mwth Combustor, Rajarshi Roy, Brian Schooff, Xiaolong Li, Scott Montgomery, Jacob Tuttle, Jost O.L. Wendt, Kingsley Dickson, Brian Iverson, Andrew R. Fry

Faculty Publications

Five different blends of Utah bituminous coal and steam-exploded pine (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100 by mass) were fired in a 1.5 MWth combustor. Primary objectives were to understand mineral matter behavior by analyzing aerosol size distribution, aerosol size-segregated composition, ash deposition mass, and ash composition. For particle size < 0.1 μm, pure coal had the lowest aerosol concentration and pure biomass showed the highest (higher nucleation of potassium salts), a trend which reversed for particles >0.1 μm. During pure biomass combustion, aerosol particles >15 μm contained higher mass fractions of potassium (+126%), calcium (+132%), and iron (+115%) and lower fractions of aluminum (−49%) and silicon (−29%) than pure coal. Ash deposition mass decreased with increasing biomass blends. …

Forgotten Brother Reuben Lewis: Missouri River Fur Trader And Indian Agent For The Arkansas Cherokees, Jay H. Buckley, Deveney Reber

Faculty Publications

Reuben Lewis was born in 1777, the fourth and youngest child of William Lewis and Lucy Meriwether. Their oldest child, Jane, married and lived out her days at Locust Hill, the family estate in Virginia. The Lewis’ second child, baby Lucinda, died in infancy. Their third child, Meriwether – the closest in age and friendship to Reuben – became the famous first half of the Lewis and Clark Expedition which explored the uncharted West before he met his tragic and mysterious death on the Natchez Trace in Tennessee. While Reuben’s life has been rightly overshadowed by his older brother Meriwether’s …

Emotions In Crisis: Consequences Of Ceremonial Refugee Camp Visits To Bhutanese Refugee Camps In Nepal, Kamryn Warren

Faculty Publications

Research on refugee resettlement frequently overlooks the larger context of the experience of forced migration. As a result, the micro-level interactions between refugees and the bureaucrats who make resettlement decisions are obscured. We can better understand the socio-political dynamics between refugees and the officials deciding their resettlement cases if we approach encounters between refugees and migration officials during ceremonial visits as sites of emotional exchange. This article examines the complex socio-political emotional exchanges of power and vulnerability that underpin the refugee resettlement process through an ethnographic analysis of Bhutanese refugee camps in Nepal.

Origami-Inspired Sacrificial Joints For Folding Compliant Mechanisms, Todd G. Nelson, Alex Avila, Larry L. Howell, Just L. Herder, Davood Farhadi Machekposhtic

Faculty Publications

Folding is a manufacturing method which can create complex 3D geometries from flat materi- als and can be particularly useful in cost-sensitive or planar-limited fabrication applications.

This paper introduces compliant mechanisms that employ folding techniques from origami to evolve from a flat material to deployed state. We present origami-inspired sacrificial joints, joints which have mobility during assembly of the mechanism but are rigid in their final position, to create regions of high and low stiffness and the proper alignment of compliant flexures in folded mechanisms. To demonstrate the method we fold steel sheet to create some well-known and complex compliant …

A Pseudo-Static Model For Dynamic Analysis On Frequency Domain Of Distributed Compliant Mechanisms, Mingxiang Ling, Larry L. Howell, June Cao, Zhou Jiang

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a pseudo-static modeling methodology for dynamic analysis of distributed compliant mechanisms to provide accurate and efficient solutions. First, a dynamic stiffness matrix of the flexible beam is deduced, which has the same definition and a similar form as the traditional static compliance/stiffness matrix but is frequency-dependent. Second, the pseudo-static modeling procedure for the dynamic analysis is implemented in a statics-similar way. Then, all the kinematic, static and dynamic performances of compliant mechanisms can be analyzed based on the pseudo- static model. The superiority of the proposed method is that when it is used for the dynamic modeling …

Normalized Coordinate Equations And Energy Method For Predicting Natural Curved-Fold Configurations, Jacob Badger, Todd G. Nelson, Rober J. Lang, Denise M. Halverson, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Of the many valid configurations that a curved fold may assume, it is of particular interest to identify natural—or lowest energy—configurations that physical models will preferentially assume. We present normalized coordinate equations—equations that relate fold surface properties

to their edge of regression—to simplify curved-fold rela- tionships. An energy method based on these normalized

coordinate equations is developed to identify natural con- figurations of general curved folds. While it has been noted

that natural configurations have nearly planar creases for curved folds, we show that non-planar behavior near the crease ends substantially reduces the energy of a fold.

Regional Stiffness Reduction Using Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints For Flexible Printed Circuit Board Design, Bryce P. Defigueiredo, Brian Dale Russell, Trent K. Zimmerman, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs) make it possi- ble for engineers to design devices that use space efficiently

and can undergo changes in shape and configuration. How- ever, they also suffer from trade-offs due to non-ideal mate- rial properties. Here, a method is presented that allows en- gineers to introduce regions of flexibility in otherwise rigid

PCB substrates. This method employs geometric features to reduce local stiffness in the PCB, rather than reducing

the global stiffness by material selection. Analytical and fi- nite element models are presented to calculate the maximum

stresses caused by deflection. An example device is produced …

Kinematic/Static Model Of Complex Compliant Mechanisms With Serial-Parallel Substructures: A General Approach, Mingxiang Ling, Junyi Cao, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Kinematic and static analyses of compliant mechanisms are crucial at the early stage of design, and it can be difficult and laborsome for complex configurations with distributed compliance. In this paper, a general and concise kinematic/static modeling method of flexure-hinge-based compliant mechanisms with arbitrary serial-parallel substructures is presented to provide accurate and efficient solutions by combining the matrix displacement method with the transfer matrix method. The transition between the elemental stiffness matrix and the transfer matrix of the flexure hinge and the flexible beam is straightforward, enabling the condensation of a hybrid serial-parallel substructure into one equivalent element simple. Then, …

Origami-Based Design Of Conceal-And-Reveal Systems, Bryce P. Defigueiredo, Kyler A. Tolman, Spencer P. Magleby, Nathan A. Pehrson, Erica Crampton, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

This work introduces a type of motion termed “conceal-and-reveal” which is characterized by a state that protects a payload, a state that exposes the payload, and coupled motions between these two states. As techniques for thick, rigid origami-based engineering designs are being developed, origami is becoming increasingly more

attractive as inspiration for complex systems. This paper proposes a process for designing origami-based conceal- and-reveal systems, which can be generalized to design similar thick, rigid origami-based systems. The process

is demonstrated through the development of three conceal-and-reveal systems that present a luxury product to the consumer. The three designs also confirm …

Soil Microbial Legacies Influence Freeze–Thaw Responses Of Soil, Melissa A. Pastore, Aimee T. Classen, Marie E. English, Serita D. Frey, Melissa A. Knorr, Karin Rand, E. Carol Adair

Faculty Publications

Warmer winters with less snowfall are increasing the frequency of soil freeze–thaw cycles across temperate regions. Soil microbial responses to freeze–thaw cycles vary and some of this variation may be explained by microbial conditioning to prior winter conditions, yet such linkages remain largely unexplored. We investigated how differences in temperature history influenced microbial community composition and activity in response to freeze–thaw cycles.

We collected soil microbial communities that developed under colder (high elevation) and warmer (low elevation) temperature regimes in spruce-fir forests, then added each of these soil microbial communities to a sterile bulk-soil in a laboratory microcosm experiment. The …

Seeing In The Dark: A Review Of The Use Of Side-Scan Sonar To Detect And Study Manatees, With An Emphasis On Latin America, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, León David Olivera-Gómez

Faculty Publications

Manatees are aquatic mammals that live in a variety of environments. Many of those shallow water environments have murky water, making detection using traditional visual surveys very challenging. Side-scan sonar was first proposed as a tool to detect and study manatees in these complicated habitats in 2005. Here, we summarize the use of this tool from 2005 to 2022 by searching the available literature. Our literature search revealed that this tool is being widely used in more than 20 locations and over 15 countries. All three manatee species are being studied with side-scan sonar. It is most useful in murky …

On The Legal Life-History Of Beaches, Josh Eagle

Faculty Publications

Climate change is, among other things, making it more and more difficult to get to the beach. Recent studies show that rising sea levels have been shrinking America’s beaches through erosion and inundation. This trend is unlikely to slow down anytime soon, and some scientists predict that we will see feet of additional sea-level rise within our lifetimes. While beaches are shrinking, reducing the availability of recreational opportunities for locals and tourists alike, the number of people who want to visit the beach has grown dramatically. The growth in demand is due to a variety of factors, including the very …

Ancient Pathogens Provide A Window Into Health And Well-Being, Cecil M. Lewis Jr., Mercy Y. Akinyi, Sharon Dewitte, Anne C. Stone

Faculty Publications

This perspective draws on the record of ancient pathogen genomes and microbiomes illuminating patterns of infectious disease over the course of the Holocene in order to address the following question. How did major changes in living circumstances involving the transition to and intensification of farming alter pathogens and their distributions? Answers to this question via ancient DNA research provide a rapidly expanding picture of pathogen evolution and in concert with archaeological and historical data, give a temporal and behavioral context for heath in the past that is relevant for challenges facing the world today, including the rise of novel pathogens.

Global Investments In Pandemic Preparedness And Covid-19: Development Assistance And Domestic Spending On Health Between 1990 And 2026, Angela E. Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E. Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put …

Effects Of Positive Social Comparative Feedback On Motor Sequence Learning And Performance Expectancies, Allison F. Lewis, Rachel Bohnenkamp, Lynn Johnson, Dirk B. Den Ouden, Sarah Wilcox Phd, Stacy L. Fritz, Jill Campbell Stewart Pt,Phd

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Positive social comparative feedback indicates to the learner that they are performing better than others. While this type feedback supports motor skill learning in some tasks, the effect of social comparative feedback on implicit motor sequence learning remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive social comparative feedback on the learning of and expectancies for a motor sequence task. Methods: Forty-eight individuals practiced a joystick-based sequence task and were divided into three feedback groups: CONTROL (no performance feedback), RT ONLY (response time only feedback), and RT+POS (response time plus positive social comparison). Participants …

On Limitations Of Uniplex Networks For Modeling Multiplex Contagion, Nicholas W. Landry, Jimi Adams

Faculty Publications

Many network contagion processes are inherently multiplex in nature, yet are often reduced to processes on uniplex networks in analytic practice. We therefore examine how data modeling choices can affect the predictions of contagion processes. We demonstrate that multiplex contagion processes are not simply the union of contagion processes over their constituent uniplex networks. We use multiplex network data from two different contexts- (1) a behavioral network to represent their potential for infectious disease transmission using a "simple"epidemiological model, and (2) users from online social network sites to represent their potential for information spread using a threshold-based "complex"contagion process. Our …

Student, Classroom, And Teacher Factors Associated With Teachers’ Attunement To Bullies And Victims, Molly Dawes Ph.D., Angela Starrett, Kate Norwalk, Jill Hamm, Thomas Farmer

Faculty Publications

Teachers are instrumental in antibullying efforts given their position of authority in the classroom context, yet teachers can only be effective at reducing victimization and bullying in their classrooms if they are aware of who is involved. Consequently, teachers’ attunement to bullies and victims is a critical component of social dynamics management and antibullying practices. Given the importance of teacher attunement, there is a pressing need to identify relevant factors related to the degree to which teachers are attuned to bullies and victims. The major objective of the current investigation was to examine student- (gender, popularity status), classroom- (average bullying, …

Microplastics In Mainstem Mississippi River Fishes, Ahmed K. Gad, Kerrin Toner, Mark C. Benfield, Stephen R. Midway

Faculty Publications

Microplastics are ubiquitous in Earth’s ecosystems and many efforts have begun to understand their distributions. Large rivers, like the Mississippi River, provide a unique system in which to look at large-scale patterns of microplastic distribution. In this study, we sampled four species of widely-distributed fishes from five sites along the mainstem Mississippi River, from Minnesota to Louisiana, United States. Microplastics were found in all fish species and at all sites; however, microplastics increased in occurrence in the Lower Mississippi River. Fragments were the most common morphologies and polypropylene was the most common polymer detected. We also examined the hypothesis that …

Building Organizational Learning Capacity: A Road Map For Nurse Executives, Bret Lyman, Marie M. Prothero, Joy Parchment

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to guide nurse executives in building learning capacity within their organizations. The Organizational Learning Road Map provided is grounded in the American Organization for Nursing Leadership’s Nurse Leader Core Competencies. Key steps include: developing one’s self as a learning leader, sharing a learning-focused vision for the organization, establishing a culture of learning, charting a course toward becoming a learning organization, developing a leadership team to support learning throughout the organization, measuring progress toward the vision, and sustaining momentum.

Building Organizational Learning Capacity: A Road Map For Nurse Executives, Bret Lyman, Marie M. Prothero, Joy Parchment

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to guide nurse executives in building learning capacity within their organizations. The Organizational Learning Road Map provided is grounded in the American Organization for Nursing Leadership’s Nurse Leader Core Competencies. Key steps include: developing one’s self as a learning leader, sharing a learning-focused vision for the organization, establishing a culture of learning, charting a course toward becoming a learning organization, developing a leadership team to support learning throughout the organization, measuring progress toward the vision, and sustaining momentum.