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A Robust System For Natural Spoken Dialogue, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen, Bradford W. Miller, Teresa Sikorski Jun 1996

A Robust System For Natural Spoken Dialogue, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen, Bradford W. Miller, Teresa Sikorski

Faculty Publications

This paper describes a system that leads us to believe in the feasibility of constructing natural spoken dialogue systems in task-oriented domains. It specifically addresses the issue of robust interpretation of speech in the presence of recognition errors. Robustness is achieved by a combination of statistical error post-correction, syntactically- and semantically-driven robust parsing, and extensive use of the dialogue context. We present an evaluation of the system using time-to-completion and the quality of the final solution that suggests that most native speakers of English can use the system successfully with virtually no training.

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A Brief Introduction To Formal Methods, Paul E. Black, Kelly M. Hall, Michael D. Jones, Trent N. Larson, Phillip J. Windley May 1996

A Brief Introduction To Formal Methods, Paul E. Black, Kelly M. Hall, Michael D. Jones, Trent N. Larson, Phillip J. Windley

Faculty Publications

As hardware designs grow in size and complexity, current design methods are proving less adequate. Current methods for specification, design, and test are typically empirical or informal, that is, they are based on experience and argument. Formal methods are solidly based on mathematical logic systems and precise rules of inference. Formal methods offer a discipline which complements current methods so designers can successfully meet the demand for high performance systems. Formal methods covers a broad and diverse set of techniques aimed at improving computer correctness. This paper explains the role of specifications and implementation models in formal methods, and different …

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Low-Frequency Noise In 4h-Silicon Carbide Junction Field Effect Transistors, J. W. Palmour, M. E. Levinshtein, S. L. Rumyantsev, Grigory Simin May 1996

Low-Frequency Noise In 4h-Silicon Carbide Junction Field Effect Transistors, J. W. Palmour, M. E. Levinshtein, S. L. Rumyantsev, Grigory Simin

Faculty Publications

Low frequency noise in 4H‐silicon carbide junction field effect transistors (JFETs) has been investigated. JFETs with a buried p + n junction gate were manufactured by CREE Research Inc. Very low noise level has been observed in the JFETs. At 300 K the value of Hooge constant α is as small as α∼10−5 and the α value can be decreased by an appropriate annealing to α∼2×10−6. It has been shown that even these extremely low noise values are determined not by the volume noise sources but by the noise at the SiC–SiO2 interface.

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Error Correction Via A Post-Processor For Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen May 1996

Error Correction Via A Post-Processor For Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a new technique for overcoming several types of speech recognition errors by post-processing the output of a continuous speech recognizer. The post-processor output contains fewer errors, thereby making interpretation by higher-level modules, such as a parser, in a speech understanding system more reliable. The primary advantage to the post-processing approach over existing approaches for overcoming SR errors lies in its abilityto introduce options that are not available in the SR module’s output. This work provides evidence for the claim that a modern continuous speech recognizer can be used successfully in “black-box” fashion for robustly interpreting spontaneous utterances …

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Simulations Of Electrostatic Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas With Small Aspect Ratio In A Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer, Jonathan A. Bennett May 1996

Simulations Of Electrostatic Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas With Small Aspect Ratio In A Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer, Jonathan A. Bennett

Faculty Publications

The dependence on induced charge, experimental geometry, and temperature of electrostatic modes in very low aspect ratio non-neutral plasmas in a Penning trap is considered. The modes are of interest as non-destructive diagnostics of the shape of the plasmas. These investigations include equilibrium calculations of plasma shapes and profiles at finite temperature and particle-in-cell simulations of axisymmetric modes. The results of the simulations are compared to the zero-temperature theory by Dubin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2076 (1991)] taken to first-order in the aspect ratio and to experimental measurements by Weimer et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 3842 (1994)]. In general, …

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Dependence Of The Normalized Radar Cross Section Of Water Waves On Bragg Wavelength-Wind Speed Sensitivity, David G. Long, R. Scott Collyer, David V. Arnold May 1996

Dependence Of The Normalized Radar Cross Section Of Water Waves On Bragg Wavelength-Wind Speed Sensitivity, David G. Long, R. Scott Collyer, David V. Arnold

Faculty Publications

Measurements of the normalized radar cross section (O) made by the YSCAT ultrawideband scatterometer during an extended deployment on the Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) Research Tower located at Lake Ontario are analyzed and compared with anemometer wind measurements to study the sensitivity of O to the wind speed as a function of the Bragg wavelength. This paper concentrates on upwind and downwind azimuth angles in the wind speed range of 4.5-12 m/s. While YSCAT collected measurements of O at a variety of frequencies and incidence angles, this paper focuses on frequencies of 2.0, 3.05, 5.30, 10.02, and 14.0 …

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William Campbell Preston, Student, Statesman, President, Professor, Patrick G. Scott Apr 1996

William Campbell Preston, Student, Statesman, President, Professor, Patrick G. Scott

Faculty Publications

The life and achievements of William Campbell Preston (1794-1860), US Senator and President of South Carolina College.

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Compressing Semi-Structured Text Using Hierarchical Phrase Identifications, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Craig G. Nevill-Manning, Ian H. Witten Apr 1996

Compressing Semi-Structured Text Using Hierarchical Phrase Identifications, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Craig G. Nevill-Manning, Ian H. Witten

Faculty Publications

The structure of this paper is as follows. We begin by identifying some characteristics of semi-structured text that have special relevance to data compression. We then give a brief account of a particular large textual database, and describe a compression scheme that exploits its structure. In addition to providing compression, the system gives some insight into the structure of the database. Finally we show how the hierarchical grammar can be generalized, first manually and then automatically, to yield further improvements in compression performance.

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Grain-Boundary Structure Effects On Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Alloy X-750, Brent L. Adams, Ted Olsen, N. Panayotou, Y. Pan Apr 1996

Grain-Boundary Structure Effects On Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Alloy X-750, Brent L. Adams, Ted Olsen, N. Panayotou, Y. Pan

Faculty Publications

This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-88ER 45355. TO was supported by the National Science Foundation during her 1993-94 stay at the Institute for Advanced Studies (Princeton) under grant DMS-9304580. The authors wish to acknowledge helpful discussion with Carol Nichols, John Hack, Gino Palumbo, Karl Aust, and Gary Was. It is well known that the properties and behavior of grain boundaries are strongly affected by local chemistry and atomic structure. This paper focuses on the mesoscale description of grain boundary structure (i.e. the five crystallographic degrees of freedom) and correlations with intergranular stress corrosion …

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The Revolving Door Part I: A Federal Prosecutor Returns To School, Frank O. Bowman Iii Apr 1996

The Revolving Door Part I: A Federal Prosecutor Returns To School, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

Law teaching is hard work. To my trial lawyer friends who expressed envy at the easy life I must be enjoying, I often said they should imagine having to prepare and present five or six oral arguments a week, every week, for months on end. To the novice teacher presenting several courses for the first time, the task often feels just that daunting. As practicing lawyers, we flatter ourselves that we are "experts" in our fields, and thus that it would be a simple matter to step over to the local law school and, with minimal preparation, unburden ourselves of …

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A Bludgeon By Any Other Name: The Misuse Of Ethical Rules Against Prosecutors To Control The Law Of The State, Frank O. Bowman Iii Apr 1996

A Bludgeon By Any Other Name: The Misuse Of Ethical Rules Against Prosecutors To Control The Law Of The State, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

My objective here is threefold: (1) to explain these ethical rules and demonstrate how each is in conflict with longstanding principles of federal criminal law; (2) to explain why these rules are illegitimate, both as rules of ethics and as rules of positive law; and (3) to offer some observations on how the dispute over these rules can sharpen our thinking about the nature and proper limits of ethical rules governing lawyers.

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"The Rhythm Of Three Strands": Cultural Braiding In Dorris's A Yellow Raft In Blue Water, David Cowart Apr 1996

"The Rhythm Of Three Strands": Cultural Braiding In Dorris's A Yellow Raft In Blue Water, David Cowart

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Theory, Science, And 'Micro-Macro' Bridges In Structural Social Psychology, Barry N. Markovsky Apr 1996

Theory, Science, And 'Micro-Macro' Bridges In Structural Social Psychology, Barry N. Markovsky

Faculty Publications

Social psychology stands to benefit from multilevel theories that link it to both lower and higher levels of analysis. Making the link, however, requires a level of theoretical rigor heretofore relatively uncommon in the social sciences. After refuting several common objections to this brand of theorizing, I offer a rationale and a set of criteria for multilevel theory construction.

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Calibration Of Spaceborne Scatterometers Using Tropical Rain Forests, David G. Long, Gary B. Skouson Mar 1996

Calibration Of Spaceborne Scatterometers Using Tropical Rain Forests, David G. Long, Gary B. Skouson

Faculty Publications

Wind scatterometers are radar systems designed specifically to measure the normalized radar backscatter coefficient (O) of the ocean's surface in order to determine the near-surface wind vector. Postlaunch calibration of a wind scatterometer can be performed with an extended-area natural target such as the Amazon tropical rain forest. Rain forests exhibit a remarkably high degree of homogeneity in their radar response over a very large area though some spatial and temporal variability exist. The authors present a simple technique for calibrating scatterometer data using tropical rain forests, Using a polynomial model for the rolloff of O with incidence angle, the …

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Book Review: Contexts Of International Politics, By Gary Goertz, Harvey Starr Mar 1996

Book Review: Contexts Of International Politics, By Gary Goertz, Harvey Starr

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Conscription Of Fashion - Utility Cloth, Clothing, And Footwear, 1941-1952, L. Margaret Barnett Mar 1996

The Conscription Of Fashion - Utility Cloth, Clothing, And Footwear, 1941-1952, L. Margaret Barnett

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Learning With And About Technology, Ronald Abraham Mar 1996

Learning With And About Technology, Ronald Abraham

Faculty Publications

Since the invention of printing, technology has offered great promise for increasing access and enhancing the effectiveness of education while reducing, or holding the line on, educational costs (Dressel and Marcus, 1982). What is most remarkable, however, is that all of the significant changes in educational technology (beyond print materials) have occurred during the 20th century.

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A Note On Generators Of Least Degree In Gorenstein Ideals, Matthew Miller, Rafael H. Villarreal Feb 1996

A Note On Generators Of Least Degree In Gorenstein Ideals, Matthew Miller, Rafael H. Villarreal

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Variable-Complexity Trellis Decoding Of Binary Convolutional Codes, David W. Matolak, S. G. Wilson Feb 1996

Variable-Complexity Trellis Decoding Of Binary Convolutional Codes, David W. Matolak, S. G. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Considers trellis decoding of convolutional codes with selectable effort, as measured by decoder complexity. Decoding is described for single parent codes with a variety of complexities, with performance "near" that of the optimal fixed receiver complexity coding system. Effective free distance is examined. Criteria are proposed for ranking parent codes, and some codes found to be best according to the criteria are tabulated, Several codes with effective free distance better than the best code of comparable complexity were found. Asymptotic (high SNR) performance analysis and error propagation are discussed. Simulation results are also provided.

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Social Construction And White Attitudes Toward Equal Opportunity And Multiculturalism, Michael W. Link, Robert W. Oldendick Feb 1996

Social Construction And White Attitudes Toward Equal Opportunity And Multiculturalism, Michael W. Link, Robert W. Oldendick

Faculty Publications

As the United States moves from being a predominantly biracial to a multiracial society, racial attitudes continue to become more diverse and more complex. Scholars need to address these changes not only in terms of black and white Americans, but also how these changes involve and affect other racial groups, particularly Asian and Hispanic Americans. This inquiry looks at some of these complexities by examining how social construction differentials in the minds of white Americans affect their attitudes toward the issues of equal opportunity and multiculturalism. The analysis shows that differences in the cognitive images whites hold of minority groups …

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The Rationality Of Economic Voting Revisited, Motoshi Suzuki, Henry W. Chappell Feb 1996

The Rationality Of Economic Voting Revisited, Motoshi Suzuki, Henry W. Chappell

Faculty Publications

Examines the rationality of economic voting, using post-World War II United States national election data.

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Literature-Based Reading Instruction: Problems, Possibilities & Polemics In The Struggle To Change, James V. Hoffman, Sarah J. Mccarthy, Judy A. Abbott, Debra Bayles, Bonnie Elliott, Angela Ferree, Debra Price Jan 1996

Literature-Based Reading Instruction: Problems, Possibilities & Polemics In The Struggle To Change, James V. Hoffman, Sarah J. Mccarthy, Judy A. Abbott, Debra Bayles, Bonnie Elliott, Angela Ferree, Debra Price

Faculty Publications

Concerns are being raised in both professional literature as well as in the popular press regarding certain aspects of the literature-based movement. Here we report on findings from a longitudinal study of a group of first -grade teachers who have been attempting (with varying degrees of success)to introduce literature-based teaching strategies into their classrooms. We inspect the experiences of these teachers in relation to four areas of concern that have been raised regarding literature-based teaching: 1. skills instruction; 2.guided reading strategies; 3. literature selection;and 4. thematic teaching (or curriculum integration). We describe classroom practices and the 9 problems and possibilities …

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Effects Of Wage Discrimination On Employment And Firm's Location, Yeung-Nan Shieh Jan 1996

Effects Of Wage Discrimination On Employment And Firm's Location, Yeung-Nan Shieh

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Spectrum Of Johannine Readers, Craig R. Koester Jan 1996

The Spectrum Of Johannine Readers, Craig R. Koester

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Chen, W., L. D. Smoot, S. C. Hill, And T. H. Fletcher, “Global Rate Expression For Nitric Oxide Reburning. Part 2,” Energy And Fuels, 10, 1046-1052 (1996)., Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Scott C. Hill, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 1996

Chen, W., L. D. Smoot, S. C. Hill, And T. H. Fletcher, “Global Rate Expression For Nitric Oxide Reburning. Part 2,” Energy And Fuels, 10, 1046-1052 (1996)., Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Scott C. Hill, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

An investigation of a global reburning-NO reaction, sum(CiHj) + NO => HCN + . . ., which is a reduction pathway of nitric oxide (NO) by reaction with gaseous hydrocarbons, was conducted. The global reburning-NO rate expression was deduced from a combination of elemental reactions. The global rate expression and its rate constants were then determined by correlating predicted species profiles from simple hydrocarbon flames. This global reburning-NO rate constant can be expressed as 2.7x106 exp(-18,800/RT) (gmol/cm3 s). This expression and constants are applicable to atmospheric pressure with an equivalence ratio range of 1.0-2.08 …

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Effects Of Pyrolysis Heating Rate On Intrinsic Reactivities Of Coal Chars, Thomas K. Gale, Calvin H. Bartholomew, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 1996

Effects Of Pyrolysis Heating Rate On Intrinsic Reactivities Of Coal Chars, Thomas K. Gale, Calvin H. Bartholomew, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

The main objective of this work was to determine the effects of pyrolysis heating rate on intrinsic O2 reactivity of coal chars. Relationships of intrinsic reactivity to other pyrolysis conditions and char physical and chemical structure were also investigated, and empirical correlations were obtained. Two different entrained flow reactors (a flat flame methane/air burner and a drop tube reactor) were used to prepare chars under a variety of different pyrolysis conditions at maximum particle temperatures and heating rates of 840-1627 K and 104 to 2x105 K/s, respectively. Intrinsic reactivities of a lignite and two bituminous coal chars …

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Experiments In The Coordinated Control Of An Underwater Arm/Vehicle System, Timothy W. Mclain, Stephen M. Rock, Michael J. Lee Jan 1996

Experiments In The Coordinated Control Of An Underwater Arm/Vehicle System, Timothy W. Mclain, Stephen M. Rock, Michael J. Lee

Faculty Publications

The addition of manipulators to small autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can pose significant control challenges due to hydrodynamic interactions between the arm and the vehicle. Experiments conducted at the monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) using the OTTER vehicle have shown that dynamical interactions between an arm and a vehicle can be very significant. For the experiments reported in this paper, a single-link "arm" was mounted on OTTER. Tests showed that for 90-degree, two-second repetitive slews of the arm, the vehicle would move as much as 18 degrees in roll and 14 degrees in yaw when no vehicle control was …

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Review Of Kimball Young On Transition Of Sociology, 1912-1968: An Oral Account By The 35th President Of The Asa, Carol Ward Jan 1996

Review Of Kimball Young On Transition Of Sociology, 1912-1968: An Oral Account By The 35th President Of The Asa, Carol Ward

Faculty Publications

According to Kimball Young, "My five quarters at Chicago fixed me for life." This account of Kimball YOung's career begins with his experience at the University of Chicago where he obtained an A.M. in 1918. These early experiences with the founders of the Chicago School had a lasting impact on his career in sociology. Young's memoirs focus on his relationships with his mentors, colleagues and students at Chicago and at the subsequent colleges and universities with which he worked. This oral history offers remarkable insights into the lives of scholars who shaped sociology in the first two-thirds of the century.

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Religion And Racism: An Examination Of Values And Racial Attitudes, Timothy B. Smith, Richard N. Roberts Jan 1996

Religion And Racism: An Examination Of Values And Racial Attitudes, Timothy B. Smith, Richard N. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Throughout history, both the oppression and emancipation of racial and ethnic groups have often been conducted under the influence of religion. Contemporary research, often marked by contradictions itself, has also made note of this complex issue. To examine further the association of religious variables with racial attitudes and personal values, data were collected from 752 subjects. The results lent support to the hypothesis that when examining racial attitudes, religious affiliation is a less meaningful variable than the importance of spirituality in the lives of individuals; also, two values historically associated with religion, Humanitarianism and the "Protestant work ethic" were moderately …

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Introduction To Symposium, The New Federalism After United States V. Lopez, Jonathan L. Entin Jan 1996

Introduction To Symposium, The New Federalism After United States V. Lopez, Jonathan L. Entin

Faculty Publications

Introduction to Symposium, The New Federalism After United States v. Lopez, Cleveland, Ohio, 1996.

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