Digital Commons Network^™

Parameter Estimation And Application Of Anisotropic Yield Criteria For Cylindrical Aluminum Extrusions: Theoretical Developments And Stereodic Measurements, Farzana Yasmeen, Michael A. Sutton, Xiaomin Deng, Megan Ryan, Anthony P. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Theoretical and experimental studies are presented to characterize the anisotropic plastic response under torsion loading of two nominally identical aluminum Al6061-T6 extruded round bars. Theoretical models are developed using isotropic (Von Mises 1913) and anisotropic (Barlat 1991) yield criteria, along with isotropic strain hardening formulae, to model post-yield behavior under simple torsion loading. For the case of simple shear loading, incremental plasticity theory is used to determine the theoretical elastic, plastic, and total shear strains. A set of experiments are performed to calibrate Barlat’s 1991 yield function. Several specimens are extracted at different orientations to the longitudinal direction of each …

All-Sky Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Isolated Neutron Stars In The Early O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20-2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [-1.0,+0.1]×10-8 Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95% confidence-level (C.L.) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h0 are ∼1.7×10-25 …

High-Order Deterministic Sensitivity Analysis And Uncertainty Quantification: Review And New Developments, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work reviews the state-of-the-art methodologies for the deterministic sensitivity analysis of nonlinear systems and deterministic quantification of uncertainties induced in model responses by uncertainties in the model parameters. The need for computing high-order sensitivities is underscored by presenting an analytically solvable model of neutron scattering in a hydrogenous medium, for which all of the response’s relative sensitivities have the same absolute value of unity. It is shown that the wider the distribution of model parameters, the higher the order of sensitivities needed to achieve a desired level of accuracy in representing the response and in computing the response’s expectation, …

Towards Collaborative And Intelligent Learning Environments Based On Eye Tracking Data And Learning Analytics: A Survey, Yuehua Wang, Shulan Lu, Derek Harter

Faculty Publications

The current pandemic has significantly impacted educational practices, modifying many aspects of how and when we learn. In particular, remote learning and the use of digital platforms have greatly increased in importance. Online teaching and e-learning provide many benefits for information retention and schedule flexibility in our on-demand world while breaking down barriers caused by geographic location, physical facilities, transportation issues, or physical impediments. However, educators and researchers have noticed that students face a learning and performance decline as a result of this sudden shift to online teaching and e-learning from classrooms around the world. In this paper, we focus …

Simplifying The Development Of Portable, Scalable, And Reproducible Workflows, Stephen Piccolo, Zachary E. Ence, Elizabeth C. Anderson, Jeffrey T. Chang, Andrea H. Bild

Faculty Publications

Command-line software plays a critical role in biology research. However, processes for installing and executing software differ widely. The Common Workflow Language (CWL) is a community standard that addresses this problem. Using CWL, tool developers can formally describe a tool’s inputs, outputs, and other execution details. CWL documents can include instructions for executing tools inside software containers. Accordingly, CWL tools are portable—they can be executed on diverse computers—including personal workstations, high-performance clusters, or the cloud. CWL also supports workflows, which describe dependencies among tools and using outputs from one tool as inputs to others. To date, CWL has been used …

Diffusional Fractionation Of Helium Isotopes In Silicate Melts, Haiyang Luo, Bijaya Karki, Dipta B. Ghosh, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

Estimating Helium (He) concentration and isotope composition of the mantle requires quantifying He loss during magma degassing. The knowledge of diffusional He isotope fractionation in silicate melts may be essential to constrain the He loss. Isotopic mass dependence of He diffusion can be empirically expressed as D3He/D4He = (4/3)^β, where D is the diffusivity of a He isotope. However, no studies have reported any β values for He in silicate melts due to technical challenges in both experiments and computations. Here, molecular dynamics simulations based on deep neural network potentials trained by ab initio data …

Ambient Aerosol Properties In The Remote Atmosphere From Global-Scale In-Situ Measurements, Charles A. Brock, Karl Froyd, Maximilian Dollner, Christina J. Williamson, Gregory Schill, Daniel M. Murphy, Nicholas L. Wagner, Agnieszka Kupc, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Jason C. Schroder, Douglas A. Day, Derek J. Price, Bernadett Weinzierl, Joshua P. Schwarz, Joseph M. Katich, Siyuan Wang, Linghan H. Zeng, Rodney Weber, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua P. Digangi, Thaopaul Bui, Jonathan M. Dean-Day, Chelsea R. Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Ilann Bourgeois, Bruce C. Daube, Roisin Commane, Steven C. Wofsy

Faculty Publications

In situ measurements of aerosol microphysical, chemical, and optical properties were made during global-scale flights from 2016–2018 as part of the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). The NASA DC-8 aircraft flew from ∼ 84∘ N to ∼ 86∘ S latitude over the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Southern oceans while profiling nearly continuously between altitudes of ∼ 160 m and ∼ 12 km. These global circuits were made once each season. Particle size distributions measured in the aircraft cabin at dry conditions and with an underwing probe at ambient conditions were combined with bulk and single-particle composition observations and measurements of water …

Toward A Methodology For Evaluating Dna Variants In Nuclear Families, Dustin B. Miller, Reid Robison, Stephen Piccolo

Faculty Publications

The genetic underpinnings of most pediatric-cancer cases are unknown. Population-based studies use large sample sizes but have accounted for only a small proportion of the estimated heritability of pediatric cancers. Pedigree-based studies are infeasible for most human populations. One alternative is to collect genetic data from a single nuclear family and use inheritance patterns within the family to filter candidate variants. This approach can be applied to common and rare variants, including those that are private to a given family or to an affected individual. We evaluated this approach using genetic data from three nuclear families with 5, 4, and …

All-Sky Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Isolated Neutron Stars In The Early O3 Ligo Data, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Kagra Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales

Faculty Publications

We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20–2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [−1.0,+0.1]×10−8  Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95% confidence-level (C.L.) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h0 are ∼1.7×10−25 …

Light Meson Spectroscopy From Dalit Plot Analyses Of ΗC Decays To Η'K+K− ,Η'Π+ Π− , And Η Π + Π − Produced In Two-Photon Interactions, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We study the processes γγ → η_c → η'K⁺K⁻, η'π⁺π⁻, and ηπ⁺π⁻ using a data sample of 519 fb⁻¹ recorded with the BABAR detector operating at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e⁺e⁻ collider at center-of-mass energies at and near the ϒ(nS) (n = 2, 3, 4) resonances. This is the first observation of the decay η_c → η'K⁺K⁻ and we measure the branching fraction Γ(η_c → η' K⁺K⁻)=(Γ(η_c → …

Trajectories Of Heart Activity Across Infancy To Early Childhood Differentially Predict Autism And Anxiety Symptoms In Fragile X Syndrome, Abigail Hogan Ph.D., Erin Hunt, Kayla Smith, Conner Black, Katherine Bangert, Jessica Klusek Ph.D., Ccc-Slp, Jane Roberts

Faculty Publications

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a monogenic disorder characterized by high rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety. A longstanding "hyperarousal hypothesis" in FXS has argued that ANS dysfunction underpins many symptoms of FXS. However, the developmental onset and trajectory of ANS dysfunction, as well as the consequences of ANS dysfunction on later psychiatric symptoms, remain poorly understood in FXS. Insight into the emergence, trajectory, and consequences of ANS dysfunction across early development in FXS has critical implications for prevention, intervention, and optimal outcomes in both typical and atypical development. This longitudinal study investigated whether and when males with …

Big Bird Plots: Benchmarking Neotropical Bird Communities To Address Questions In Ecology And Conservation In An Era Of Rapid Change, W. Douglas Robinson, Dan Errichetti, Henry S. Pollock, Ari Martinez, Philip C. Stouffer, Fang Yu Shen, John G. Blake

Faculty Publications

Extensive networks of large plots have the potential to transform knowledge of avian community dynamics through time and across geographical space. In the Neotropics, the global hotspot of avian diversity, only six 100-ha plots, all located in lowland forests of Amazonia, the Guianan shield and Panama, have been inventoried sufficiently. We review the most important lessons learned about Neotropical forest bird communities from those big bird plots and explore opportunities for creating a more extensive network of additional plots to address questions in ecology and conservation, following the model of the existing ForestGEO network of tree plots. Scholarly impact of …

On The Need To Determine Accurately The Impact Of Higher-Order Sensitivities On Model Sensitivity Analysis, Uncertainty Quantification And Best-Estimate Predictions, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This work aims at underscoring the need for the accurate quantification of the sensitivities (i.e., functional derivatives) of the results (a.k.a. “responses”) produced by large-scale computational models with respect to the models’ parameters, which are seldom known perfectly in practice. The large impact that can arise from sensitivities of order higher than first has been highlighted by the results of a third-order sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of an OECD/NEA reactor physics benchmark, which will be briefly reviewed in this work to underscore that neglecting the higher-order sensitivities causes substantial errors in predicting the expectation and variance of model responses. The …

Fatal Police Violence By Race And State In The Usa, 1980–2019: A Network Meta-Regression, Fablina Sharara, Eve E. Wool, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Nicole Davis Weaver, Shelley Balassyano, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

The burden of fatal police violence is an urgent public health crisis in the USA. Mounting evidence shows that deaths at the hands of the police disproportionately impact people of certain races and ethnicities, pointing to systemic racism in policing. Recent high-profile killings by police in the USA have prompted calls for more extensive and public data reporting on police violence. This study examines the presence and extent of under-reporting of police violence in US Government-run vital registration data, offers a method for correcting under-reporting in these datasets, and presents revised estimates of deaths due to police violence in …

Developing Nutritional Component Chrysin As A Therapeutic Agent: Bioavailability And Pharmacokinetics Consideration, And Adme Mechanisms, Song Gao, Nyma Siddiqui, Imoh Etim, Ting Du, Yun Zhang, Dong Liang

Faculty Publications

Chrysin is a promising naturally occurring flavonoid mainly found in honey and propolis. Although chrysin's biological activities have been demonstrated and the mechanism of actions has been determined using in vitro and in vivo models, results from the current clinical studies were largely negative. A potential reason for chrysin's low efficacy in humans is poor oral bioavailability. In this paper, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics studies of chrysin and analyzed the mechanism of poor in vivo efficacy with emphasis on its bioavailability and ADME mechanism. Low aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism mediated by UGTs and SULT, efficient excretion through …

Crisis, Rupture And Structural Change: Re-Imagining Global Learning And Engagement While Staying In Place During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shruti Rana, Hamid Ekbia

Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented closures of national borders and the withdrawal of much of the social and cultural activities of society into the walls of the home. For us, educators focused on global engagement and analyzing international law and society, the abrupt retreat into the shelter of domestic walls disrupted the very subjects we were studying-inside and outside the classroom. In the pandemic 's first wave, most study abroad and international experiential programs were cancelled indefinitely, and the programs that continued had to operate in an environment of social distancing and uncertainty. We were forced to scramble to …

Democracy Avoidance In Tax Lawmaking, Clint G. Wallace

Faculty Publications

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was the most significant tax law in more than three decades, but the strategy for getting it enacted included a variety of maneuvers to avoid public scrutiny. As a result, many taxpayers did not know how they would be affected until they filed their own tax returns more than a year later. This Article identifies this lack of transparency as part of a persistent pathology of avoiding and constraining democratic inputs and responsiveness in U.S. federal tax lawmaking. Indeed, some scholars and policy makers have sought to channel tax lawmaking away from democratically grounded …

Shifting Satellite Control Paradigms: Operational Cybersecurity In The Age Of Megaconstellations, Carl A. Poole, Robert A. Bettinger, Mark Reith

Faculty Publications

The introduction of automated satellite control systems into a space-mission environment historically dominated by human-in-the-loop operations will require a more focused understanding of cybersecurity measures to ensure space system safety and security. On the ground-segment side of satellite control, the debut of privately owned communication antennas for rent and a move to cloud-based operations or mission centers will bring new requirements for cyber protection for both Department of Defense and commercial satellite operations alike. It is no longer a matter of whether automation will be introduced to satellite operations, but how quickly satellite operators can adapt to the onset of …

How Analogizing Socio-Legal Responses To Organ Transplantation Can Further The Legalization Of Reproductive Genetic Innovation, Myrisha S. Lewis

Faculty Publications

The Nobel Foundation emphasized the significance of genetic innovation to society, science, and medicine by awarding the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to “the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors.” This Article focuses on “reproductive genetic innovation,” a term that includes cytoplasmic transfer, mitochondrial transfer, and germline or heritable gene editing techniques that are all categorized as “experimental” in the United States. These techniques all use in vitro fertilization, a legal and widely available practice. Yet reproductive genetic innovation has resulted in controversy and numerous barriers including a recurring federal budget rider, threats of federal enforcement action, and the unavailability of federal funding. …

Corporate Venture Capital, Darian M. Ibrahim

Faculty Publications

This Article makes the case for corporate venture capital as a potentially game-changing entrant into entrepreneurial finance. Part II begins by retracing the ancillary players in entrepreneurial finance and their roles in the startup ecosystem. After finding each of them incapable of denting the venture capitalist’s current dominance, Part III introduces the large corporation as venture capitalist. Part III discusses the growing scale of corporate venture capital and why it may be desirable for startups, innovation, and society as a whole. Part IV looks at legal differences that may become important for corporate venture capitalists to consider, including securities, antitrust, …

Reattribution, The Poison Pill And Inventorship, Dennis D. Crouch

Faculty Publications

Brian Frye's Right of Reattribution proposes a mechanism for loosening the strictures of attribution associated with creative works of authorship and giving the law of attribution a pro-property spin. Authors regularly receive attribution recognizing their authorship role. Frye transforms this norm of attribution into a fully alienable property right. An author would receive original rights of attribution, but those rights could then be sold or transferred to another person seeking accolades. This secondary transfer process is knows as reattribution. Frye recognizes that a right of reattribution would require congressional action since the current scope of attribution rights is limited by …

Assessment Of Online Water-Soluble Brown Carbon Measuring Systems For Aircraft Sampling, Linghan Zeng, Amy P. Sullivan, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Teresa L. Campos, Joseph M. Katich, Ezra Levin, Michael A. Robinson, Rodney J. Weber

Faculty Publications

Brown carbon (BrC) consists of particulate organic species that preferentially absorb light at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Ambient studies show that as a component of aerosol particles, BrC affects photochemical reaction rates and regional to global climate. Some organic chromophores are especially toxic, linking BrC to adverse health effects. The lack of direct measurements of BrC has limited our understanding of its prevalence, sources, evolution, and impacts. We describe the first direct, online measurements of water-soluble BrC on research aircraft by three separate instruments. Each instrument measured light absorption over a broad wavelength range using a liquid waveguide capillary cell …

Searching For Solar Kdar With Dune, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antoniassi, M. Antonova, A. Antoshkin, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez

Faculty Publications

The observation of 236 MeV muon neutrinos from kaon-decay-at-rest (KDAR) originating in the core of the Sun would provide a unique signature of dark matter annihilation. Since excellent angle and energy reconstruction are necessary to detect this monoenergetic, directional neutrino flux, DUNE with its vast volume and reconstruction capabilities, is a promising candidate for a KDAR neutrino search. In this work, we evaluate the proposed KDAR neutrino search strategies by realistically modeling both neutrino-nucleus interactions and the response of DUNE. We find that, although reconstruction of the neutrino energy and direction is difficult with current techniques in the relevant energy …

Genetic Knockouts Indicate That The Abcc2 Protein In The Bollworm Helicoverpa Zea Is Not A Major Receptor For The Cry1ac Insecticidal Protein, Omaththage P. Perera, Nathan S. Little, Heba Abdelgaffar, Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Members of the insect ATP binding cassette transporter subfamily C2 (ABCC2) in several moth species are known as receptors for the Cry1Ac insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Mutations that abolish the functional domains of ABCC2 are known to cause resistance to Cry1Ac, although the reported levels of resistance vary widely depending on insect species. In this study, the function of the ABCC2 gene as a putative Cry1Ac receptor in Helicoverpa zea, a major pest of over 300 crops, was evaluated using CRISPR/Cas9 to progressively eliminate different functional ABCC2 domains. Results from bioassays with edited insect lines support that mutations …

Analysis Of A New Multispecies Tumor Growth Model Coupling 3d Phase-Fields With A 1d Vascular Network, Marvin Fritz, Prashant K. Jha, Tobias Köppl, J. Tinsley Oden, Barbara Wohlmuth

Faculty Publications

In this work, we present and analyze a mathematical model for tumor growth incorporating ECM erosion, interstitial flow, and the effect of vascular flow and nutrient transport. The model is of phase-field or diffused-interface type in which multiple phases of cell species and other constituents are separated by smooth evolving interfaces. The model involves a mesoscale version of Darcy's law to capture the flow mechanism in the tissue matrix. Modeling flow and transport processes in the vasculature supplying the healthy and cancerous tissue, one-dimensional (1D) equations are considered. Since the models governing the transport and flow processes are defined together …

Modeling And Simulation Of Vascular Tumors Embedded In Evolving Capillary Networks, Marvin Fritz, Prashant K. Jha, Tobias Köppl, J. Tinsley Oden, Andreas Wagner, Barbara Wohlmuth

Faculty Publications

In this work, we present a coupled 3D–1D model of solid tumor growth within a dynamically changing vascular network to facilitate realistic simulations of angiogenesis. Additionally, the model includes erosion of the extracellular matrix, interstitial flow, and coupled flow in blood vessels and tissue. We employ continuum mixture theory with stochastic Cahn–Hilliard type phase-field models of tumor growth. The interstitial flow is governed by a mesoscale version of Darcy's law. The flow in the blood vessels is controlled by Poiseuille flow, and Starling's law is applied to model the mass transfer in and out of blood vessels. The evolution of …

X-Ray Observations Of Two Candidate Symbiotic Binaries In The Galactic Bulge, Joshua Wetuski, R. I. Hynes, T. J. Maccarone, C. Heinke, M. A.P. Torres, P. G. Jonker, Christopher T. Britt, D. Steeghs, G. Nelemans

Faculty Publications

This paper analyses X-ray observations by the Chandra X-ray Observatory of CXOGBS J174614.3-321949 (CXB3) and CXOGBS J173620.2-293338 (CX332), two symbiotic binary star candidates identified by the Galactic Bulge Survey. Using new Chandra observations, we improved their X-ray positional uncertainties to 0.24 and 0.92 arcsec, respectively, confidently associating them with single optical counterparts. In particular, new observations of symbiotic X-ray candidate CX332 further solidify confidence in its coincidence with a carbon star. We demonstrate X-ray variability in both targets with a more recent observation of CX332 showing a decrease in brightness by a factor of 30, while CXB3 observations show it …

Insights Into The Tectonostratigraphic Setting Of The Southern Appalachians During The Blountian Tectophase From An Integrated Geochemical Analysis Of Magmatic Phenocrysts In The Ordovician Deicke K-Bentonite, Achim D. Herrmann, John T. Haynes, Richard M. Robinet, Jürgen Konzett, Norlene R. Emerson

Faculty Publications

We evaluate competing hypotheses regarding tectonic models of the early Taconic Orogeny in the Southern Appalachians during the Blountian tectophase with new geochemical data obtained from analyses of apatite and zircon phenocrysts, and melt and mineral inclusions therein, from the Ordovician Deicke K-bentonite (453.35 ± 0.10 Ma). Apatite geochemistry confirms that samples from different locations represent the same eruptive event, and zircon geochemistry and U[sbnd]Pb geochronology (including several Grenville-age inherited detrital cores) confirm an evolved magma of continental-arc composition, with the trace-metal geochemistry of magmatic Taconic-age rims on Deicke zircons pointing to a provenance of continental crustal igneous rock melts, …

The Impact Of Separate Opinions On International Criminal Law, Nancy Amoury Combs

Faculty Publications

Dissents have had a tumultuous history in national and international courts throughout the world. Initially reviled, dissents have come to be a well-accepted, even praiseworthy, component of the American judicial system, and they have traversed the same trajectory in other countries as well as in international courts and tribunals. Particularly noteworthy among international courts are those created to prosecute perpetrators of mass atrocities, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. And nowhere are dissents more common than in these mass atrocity courts. Yet, as prevalent as these dissents are, they have received virtually no scholarly or practical attention. …

The Modest Impact Of The Modern Confrontation Clause, Jeffrey Bellin, Diana Bibb

Faculty Publications

The Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause grants criminal defendants the right "to be confronted with the witnesses against" them. A strict reading of this text would transform the criminal justice landscape by prohibiting the prosecution's use of hearsay at trial. But until recently, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Clause was closer to the opposite. By tying the confrontation right to traditional hearsay exceptions, the Court's longstanding precedents granted prosecutors broad freedom to use out-of-court statements to convict criminal defendants.

The Supreme Court's 2004 decision in Crawford v. Washington was supposed to change all that. By severing the link between the …